Association between dietary zinc intake and mortality among Chinese adults: findings from 10-year follow-up in the Jiangsu Nutrition Study

Purpose

Population studies of the association between zinc intake and mortality yield inconsistent findings. Using data from Jiangsu Nutrition Study, we aimed to assess the association between zinc intake and mortality among Chinese adults.

Methods

We prospectively studied 2832 adults aged 20 years and older with a mean follow-up of 9.8 years. At baseline, food intake was measured by 3-day weighed food record (WFR) between September and December in 2002. Death occurrence was assessed in 2012 during a household visit as well as by data linkage with the regional death registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI were calculated using competing risks regression (CVD and cancer mortality) and Cox proportional hazards analysis (all-cause mortality).

Results

During 27,742 person-years of follow-up, there were 184 deaths [63 cancer deaths and 70 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths]. Dietary zinc to energy ratio was positively associated with cancer and all-cause mortality. Across quartiles of the zinc to energy ratio from low to high, the HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality was 1.00, 1.80 (95% CI 1.10–2.95), 1.55 (95% CI 0.96–2.50), and 1.85 (95% CI 1.11–3.07), respectively. Comparing the extreme quartiles of the zinc to energy ratio, the HR for cancer mortality was 2.28 (95% CI 1.03–5.04).

Conclusion

Zinc intake was positively related to all-cause mortality and cancer mortality.

     

2011—2015年江苏省饮水型氟中毒流行病学特征分析

目的了解江苏省饮水型氟中毒病区防治措施的实施进度,动态监测病情变化趋势,综合评价改水等其他因素对病情的影响。方法于2011-2015年,选择江苏省徐州沛县、连云港东海县、宿迁泗洪县3个氟中毒监测县,每个县抽取3个村共9个村做为监测村,采集水样并检测水氟值,按Dean法对全部8~12岁儿童的氟斑牙进行检查。结果 2011-2015年儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为33.68%(194/576),29.43%(176/598),27.26%(190/697),24.26%(163/672),26.84%(222/827),呈下降趋势(χ^2=88.821,P<0.05)。男童、女童的氟斑牙检出率分别为27.51%(631/2 294)和29.18%(314/1 076),差异无统计学意义(χ^2=6.785,P>0.05)。8~12岁儿童的氟斑牙检出率分别为28.57%(148/518),31.54%(211/669),27.91%(187/670),26.97%(192/712),25.84%(207/801),差异无统计学意义(χ^2=16.423,P>0.05)。未改水监测村、改水水氟超标监测村、改水水氟合格监测村氟斑牙检出率分别为36.58%(117/320),52.46%(192/366),23.70%(636/2 684),其中,改水水氟超标监测村儿童的氟斑牙检出率高于未改水监测村和改水水氟合格监测村,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=26.694、31.469,均P<0.05);而改水水氟合格监测村与未改水监测村儿童的氟斑牙检出率间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.131,P>0.05)。结论江苏省饮水型氟中毒总体病情逐步得到控制,改水后水氟超标对儿童氟斑牙影响较大。     

江苏省噪声作业工人职业体检异常情况分析

目的分析噪声作业工人疑似职业病和职业禁忌证的检出水平及其分布特征。方法依据GBZ 188-2014《职业健康监护技术规范》、GBZ 49-2014《职业性噪声聋的诊断》和GBZ/T 260-2014《职业禁忌证界定导则》,收集江苏省2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日重点职业病监测的149 271名噪声作业工人职业健康检查个案资料,对检查结果进行判定,计算出职业禁忌证和疑似职业性噪声聋检出率,分析检出率在不同性别、年龄、工龄、行业、企业规模等的分布特点。结果噪声作业工人职业禁忌证检出率为2.08%,疑似职业病检出率为2.03%。疑似职业性噪声聋检出率离岗时(2.13%)略高于在岗期间(2.03%)。职业禁忌证检出率在年龄≤20岁、41~50岁以及接触噪声工龄<1年组较高(分别为2.64%、2.48%、5.35%);疑似职业性噪声聋检出率;随年龄、工龄增长而升高(均P<0.05)。职业禁忌证检出率最高的行业是科学研究和技术服务行业(10.46%);疑似职业性噪声聋检出率最高的行业是交通运输、仓储和邮政业(5.88%)。职业禁忌证检出率最高的企业规模是中型企业(2.27%),最低的是微型企业(1.60%);疑似职业性噪声聋检出率最高的企业规模是大型企业(3.21%),最低的是微型企业(1.33%)。 结论应按规范加强噪声作业工人上岗前职业禁忌证以及在岗期间、离岗时疑似噪声聋的筛检。提高对非传统噪声行业噪声危害防治的重视程度和防治力度。     

A randomized,open label trial to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and safety of a novel liquid hexavalent DTwP-Hib/Hep B-IPV (EasySix™) to licensed combination vaccines in healthy infants

Immunogenicity and safety of a newly developed liquid DTwP-Hib/HepB-IPV hexavalent vaccine (EasySix™) was evaluated and compared with administration of commercially licensed Pentavac SD® (DTwP-HepB/Hib) and Imovax Polio® vaccine in an open-label, randomized multi-centric trial. 284 participants, aged 6–10 weeks, randomized in a 1:1 allocation, received three doses of test or comparator vaccines, administered 4 weeks apart. Immunogenicity of the vaccines was determined by measuring the baseline and post-vaccination antibody responses and comparing the proportions of subjects achieving seroprotection against the vaccine antigens; safety was evaluated in terms of solicited (local and systemic) and unsolicited incidences in the follow up phase. Post-vaccination, seroprotection was achieved against all six vaccine antigens in both vaccine groups. The seroresponse rate as well as geometric mean titers of antibody for all vaccine components were comparable between EasySix™ and Pentavac SD®-Imovax Polio® group. Both vaccines had similar reactogenicity profiles and were well tolerated; all adverse events resolved completely without any sequelae. Only one serious adverse event was reported that completely resolved; it was regarded unconnected to the vaccine administered. This study demonstrated that immunogenicity and safety profiles of EasySix™ vaccine, manufactured by Panacea Biotec Ltd, are non-inferior to the commercially available vaccines.Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2015/02/005578.     

Inclusion of membrane-anchored LTB or flagellin protein in H5N1 virus-like particles enhances protective responses following intramuscular and oral immunization of mice

We previously demonstrated that intramuscular immunization with virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of the haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix (M1) proteins of A/meerkat/Shanghai/SH-1/2012 (clade 2.3.2.1) protected mice from lethal challenge with viruses from other H5 HPAI clades. The inclusion of additional proteins that can serve as immunological adjuvants in VLPs may enhance adaptive immune responses following vaccination, and oral vaccines may represent the safest choice. Here, we report the generation of H5N1 VLPs composed of the viral HA, NA, and M1 proteins and membrane-anchored forms of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit protein (LTB) or the Toll-like receptor 5 ligand flagellin (Flic). Mice intramuscularly or orally immunized with VLPs containing LTB or Flic generated greater humoural and cellular immune responses than those administered H5N1 VLPs without LTB or Flic. Intramuscular immunization with VLPs protected mice from lethal challenge with homologous or heterologous H5N1 viruses irrespective of whether the VLPs additionally included LTB or Flic. In contrast, oral immunization of mice with LTB- or Flic-VLPs conferred substantial protection against lethal challenge with both homologous and heterologous H5N1 influenza viruses, whereas mice immunized orally with VLPs lacking LTB and Flic universally succumbed to infection. Mice immunized orally with LTB- or Flic-VLPs showed 10-fold higher virus-specific IgG titres than mice immunized with H5N1-VLPs lacking LTB or Flic. Collectively, these results indicate that the inclusion of immunostimulatory proteins, such as LTB and Flic, in VLP-based vaccines may represent a promising new approach for the control of current H5N1 HPAI outbreaks by eliciting higher humoural and cellular immune responses and conferring improved cross-clade protection.     

Vaccines and the risk of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

BackgroundIt is important to examine the risk of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study between January 2011 and December 2015. Four controls per case were matched for age, gender, address. An independent expert committee validated the diagnoses of cases and controls. Data on vaccinations were obtained from computerized vaccination records. The analyses were conducted with the use of conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe analyses include 272 cases of ADEM and 1096 controls. No increase in the risk of ADEM was observed for vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, polio(live), diphtheria, pertuss(acellular), tetanusis, measles, mumps, rubella, Japanese Encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis A, varicella and rabies vaccines. Vaccine was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk in the 31–60-day exposure interval (OR, 4.04 [95% CI, 1.07–12.69]), but not the 0–30 and 61–180-day interval. There was no association between vaccine received and the recurrence of ADEM.ConclusionsFindings from the present study do not demonstrate an association of vaccines with an increased risk of ADEM and its recurrence among either paediatric (≤18 years) or adult (>18 years) individuals within the 180 days after vaccinations. The finding in children in the 31–60 day risk interval is likely coincidental and was not confirmed in separate self-control analyses.     

2005—2020年南京市肺结核流行特征和时间趋势研究

目的：分析2005—2020年南京市肺结核流行水平及变化趋势,为结核病防控策略的制定和优化提供科学依据。方法：收集2005—2020年“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病信息管理系统”登记的南京市肺结核病例数据信息,采用 Joinpoint回归模型分析南京市活动性肺结核流行变化趋势,计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果：2005—2020年南京市共报告活动性肺结核患者 51 624例,报告发病率由71.86/10万降至26.08/10万,年均下降6.47%(AAPC=-6.47,95%CI：-9.84 ~-2.97,P ＜ 0.001)。涂阳肺结核报告发病率和所占比例总体均呈下降趋势,年均降幅分别为 8.72%(AAPC=-8.72,95%CI：-14.71~-2.32,P=0.008)和 3.37%(AAPC=-3.37,95%CI：-4.60~-2.12,P ＜ 0.001)。病原学阳性肺结核报告发病率总体变化无统计学意义(AAPC=-6.37, 95%CI：-15.21~3.41,P=0.194),占比则以 2016 年为转折点先降后升。男性和女性肺结核报告发病率均呈下降趋势 (AAPC=-6.80,95%CI：-10.13~-3.35,P ＜ 0.001;AAPC=-6.88,95%CI：-8.54~-5.18,P ＜ 0.001),下降速度差异无统计学意义 (P=0.968),但女性占比呈上升趋势(AAPC=0.99,95%CI：0.31~1.67,P=0.008),而男性占比则逐年下降(AAPC=-0.42,95% CI：-0.73~-0.10,P=0.013)。≥30岁各年龄组报告发病率均呈下降趋势,而0~＜15和15~＜30岁年龄组报告发病率变化无统计学意义,且15~＜30岁年龄组患者占比总体呈上升趋势(AAPC=1.66,95%CI：0.28~3.07,P= 0.019),其余各年龄组患者占比变化差异无统计学意义。中心城区和非中心城区肺结核报告发病率总体均呈下降趋势(AAPC=-8.42,95%CI：-15.60~-0.62,P= 0.035;AAPC=-5.37,95%CI：-9.13~-1.46,P ＜ 0.008),下降速度差异无统计学意义(P=0.478)。中心城区患者占比自2009年之后呈下降趋势(P ＜ 0.001),而非中心城区则呈上升趋势(P ＜ 0.001)。结论：2005—2020年南京市肺结核防控取得显著成效,总体报告发病率下降明显,病原学阳性比例逐年升高,15~＜30岁年龄组人群是今后防控工作需重点关注的人群,女性和非中心城区患者占比有上升趋势,应给予一定关注。     

重组酶介导等温扩增技术检测疟原虫方法的建立和评价

目的 建立一种重组酶介导等温扩增技术（RAA）检测疟原虫的方法。方法 针对疟原虫属保守18S小亚基核糖体RNA （18S rRNA）基因设计特异性引物,筛选确定最佳引物对组合并建立疟原虫重组酶介导核酸等温扩增体系。通过该RAA体系检测疟原虫标准质粒、4种疟原虫[恶性疟原虫( Plasmodium falciparum, P.f )、间日疟原虫( P. vivax, P.v)、三日疟原虫( P. malaria, P.m)、卵形疟原虫( P. ovale, Po)]病原体以及其他6种输血传播寄生虫（婴儿利士曼原虫、杜氏利士曼原虫、刚地弓形虫、溶组织阿米巴虫、犬吉氏巴贝西虫、田鼠巴贝虫）,以评估该体系的灵敏度和特异度。 结果 筛选出一组扩增效果较好的引物对,整个RAA体系使用最佳引物对在37 ℃,20 min即可完成扩增,对标准质粒的检测下限为10^-2 copies/μL,恶性疟原虫、间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫为10² copies/μL,三日疟原虫为10 copies/μL。RAA检测体系未与其他输血传播寄生虫产生交叉反应,特异性良好。应用RAA方法检测外籍学生献血者标本,结果与荧光定量PCR结果一致。结论 成功建立了一种快速、简便和特异的疟原虫RAA检测方法,将会给血液筛查和一些基层偏远医院的临床检测提供很大帮助。     

脊髓灰质炎病毒与F_2噬菌体对部分消毒剂抗力的比较研究

采用悬液定量试验,观察了脊髓灰质炎病毒对过氧乙酸、有机含氯消毒剂、二氧化氯等消毒剂的抗力并与大肠杆菌F2噬菌体作平行比较。结果,过氧乙酸对脊髓灰质炎病毒的灭活对数值>5.00,需要500 mg/L作用30m in;对F2噬菌体的灭活对数值>5.00,需要1500 mg/L作用60 m in。二氧化氯对脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活对数值>5.00,需要200 mg/L作用5 m in;对F2噬菌体灭活对数值>5.00,需要300 mg/L作用5 m in。有机含氯消毒剂对脊髓灰质炎病毒灭活对数值>5.00,需要有效氯500 mg/L作用30 m in;对F2噬菌体灭活对数值>5.00,需要有效氯1000 mg/L作用10 m in。结论,脊髓灰质炎病毒对过氧乙酸抗力明显低于大肠杆菌F2噬菌体;脊髓灰质炎病毒对有机含氯消毒剂和二氧化氯的抗力均略低于大肠杆菌F2噬菌体。     

应用ND-O-BSA-ELISA对贵州省贵阳市的麻风病患者家属及周围人群抗体水平的检测研究

目的 了解贵州省贵阳市麻风患者家属及周围人群血清中麻风抗体水平情况,为麻风患者家属及周围人群的重点随访提供有力依据。方法 将检测对象的一般信息和应用ND-O-BSA-ELISA检测的IgM、MMP-IgG和LID-IgG抗体检测值导入Excel电子数据库,再用SPSS 18.0分析软件对抗体检测值进行χ2检验和t检验。结果 麻风患者家属中3人的IgM为阳性,周围人群无阳性病例,但两组不同人群的IgM抗体变化差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在麻风病患者家属组中,有50人MMPIgG为阳性,占23.47%,有44人LID-IgG为阳性,占20.66%;周围人群中有12人MMP-IgG阳性,占4.90%,11人LID-IgG阳性,占4.90%。两组不同人群的MMP-IgG和LID-IgG抗体变化差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论 应用ND-O-BSAELISA方法能有效检测麻风病患者家属及周围人群的麻风特异性抗体水平。在体检和随访时不仅要关心麻风病患者本人,也要关注其家属,同时兼顾周围人群。