血小板microRNAs在先天性心脏病患儿中输血导致的血小板激活作用研究

目的本研究拟通过检测血浆中的几种血小板micro RNAs来观察输血对先天性心脏病患儿血小板活性的影响,以进一步明确输血导致缺血性并发症的相关机制,为临床合理用血提供参考。方法 2013年10月至2014年6月,选择本院100例拟行先天性心脏病矫治术的患儿作为研究对象,输血组和未输血组各50名。输血组将患儿静脉血1.8 ml与0.5 ml同型贮存红细胞悬液混合,30 min后检测各项指标。采用流式细胞仪检测血小板表面P-选择素的表达水平以及血小板微粒(PMP)的含量。光密度比浊法检测两组患儿ADP诱导下血小板的聚集功能。运用Taqman探针实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测血浆血小板来源的mi R-223、mi R-24、mi R-126、mi R-191的水平。进一步比较未输血组患儿中,非紫绀型亚组与紫绀型亚组间血小板活性、聚集功能及上述几种micro RNAs的表达有无差异。结果两组患儿输血前血红蛋白(Hb)水平无组间差异(P>0.05),输血组加入0.5 ml贮存红细胞悬液后,Hb较之前升高(23±6)g/L。输血组较未输血组,血小板表面P-选择素的表达水平、PMP的含量以及血小板聚集功能均明显增高(P<0.05)。输血组血浆血小板来源的几种micro RNAs含量较未输血组明显升高(P<0.05),以mi R-223的差异性最为显著。未输血组中,紫绀型亚组血小板激活程度较非紫绀型亚组明显增高,血小板聚集功能明显降低,几种micro RNAs的表达均较高(P<0.05)。结论输血可引起血浆中血小板来源的micro RNAs表达增高,尤其是mi R-223,可作为研究不同疾病状态下血小板活性的指标。为减少输血相关不良反应,临床输血应严格掌握用血指征。     

Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Prevention with Statin Treatment for Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction

Statins can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate whether primary prevention with statin treatment is cost-effective for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the Chinese context.

Methods

An economic analysis of primary prevention with statin treatment was conducted using the Chinese Outcomes Model for T2DM with a time horizon of a lifetime, which was developed and validated based on the Chinese population. Clinical costs and utility inputs were gathered from published sources. Lifetime discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were measured. The uncertainty was evaluated by one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results

Statin treatment with atorvastatin 10 mg could add 0.08 QALYs with an additional $1676 compared with that of no statin management (control strategy) over a lifetime horizon, which led to an ICER of $21,924 per QALY gained. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $27,351 per QALY gained, there was an approximately 80% probability of statin treatment being cost-effective compared with the control strategy. The model outcomes were most sensitive to the length of the expected life and age at the T2DM diagnosis.

Conclusions

Statin treatment with atorvastatin is most likely cost-effective for primary prevention in Chinese patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Funding

Partially funded by Pfizer Inc.

     

海洋来源的可生物降解材料

摘要:近年来,可生物降解材料在生物医学领域的研究取得了突破进展。来源于海洋的可生物降解材料有很好的生物相容性和多样的生物活性,可作为药物的缓控释载体,在组织工程学中可以作为组织替代物和多孔支架,应用十分广泛。本文着重介绍了多糖和蛋白质两大类海洋来源可生物降解材料的物理、化学、生物特性和降解性能,总结了它们在生物医学领域的应用。     

18F-FDG PET/CT plays a unique role in the management of Takayasu arteritis patients with atypical manifestations

Clinical Rheumatology - The present study aimed to evaluate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) aiding in diagnosing and evaluating...     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ升高对术后早期心肌梗死和术后30天死亡的预测作用

目的:探讨心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后早期新发心肌梗死及30 d死亡的预测作用。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2019年12月于中国医学科学院阜外医院行单纯CABG且术前7 d内、术后48 h内均抽血检测cTnI水平的7826例患者临床资料。主要研究终点为术后早期新发心肌梗死、术后30 d死亡及二者的复合终点。采用ROC曲线方法判断术后48 h内cTnI水平较术前升高倍数(cTnI_术后峰值/cTnI_术前峰值)预测终点事件的效力及界值。结果:7826例患者中,女性占21.6%(1688/7826)。术后30 d死亡率为0.6%(47/7826);术后新发心肌梗死发生率15.2%(1189/7826);术后30 d死亡和术后新发心肌梗死的复合终点事件发生率为15.4%(1207/7826)。ROC曲线分析结果提示,cTnI_术后峰值/cTnI_术前峰值达80倍以上对术后新发心肌梗死+30 d死亡复合终点有较满意的预测能力。其中,对术后新发心肌梗死和30 d死亡复合终点的ROC曲线AUC为0.80,对术后新发心肌梗死ROC曲线AUC为0.79,对30 d死亡ROC曲线AUC为0.68。按cTnI_术后峰值/cTnI_术前峰值进一步将患者分为<5倍组、5~<10倍组、10~<20倍组、20~<40倍组、40~<100倍组、≥100倍组。在不同分组中,复合终点事件发生率逐渐升高,复合终点事件发生率分别是6.1%、6.4%、6.9%、9.4%、15.7%和41.5%。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,cTnI_术后峰值/cTnI_术前峰值达20~<40倍、40~<100倍、≥100倍均是发生复合终点事件的独立危险因素(P均<0.001)。结论:在CABG患者中,术后48 h内cTnI水平较术前升高80倍以上对术后新发心肌梗死+30 d死亡复合终点有较好的预测作用。     

空气污染与心率变异性关系的研究进展

心血管疾病是威胁中国居民健康的首要原因,空气污染是影响心血管疾病发生和发展的重要环境危险因素。心率变异性是评价自主神经功能的指标,并且与心血管疾病预后密切相关。研究表明,空气污染可能通过影响心脏自主神经功能而导致心血管疾病的发生,但目前研究结果并不一致。现对国内外空气污染与心率变异性关系的研究现状进行综述。     

Associations of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis

BackgroundPolymorphisms in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ pro12Ala (PPAR-γ Pro12Ala) have been associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in several studies. However, the results of these studies are not entirely consistent. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphisms and NAFLD.MethodsStudies were identified by searching PubMed database and manual assessment of the cited references in the retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random-effect model. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsRelevant medical researches show that 11 studies have been conducted on the analysis of NAFLD for meta-analysis, with a total of 2404 cases and 3959 participating controls. Meta-analysis results show that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and NALAD Ala alleles[no association between dominance model (OR = 0.968, 95%CI: 0.734–1.276, P = 0.815); Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro (OR = 0.930, 95 % CI: 0.701–1.233, P = 0.612); Ala/Ala vs. Pro/Pro (OR = 1.220, 95 % CI: 0.668–2.230, P = 0.518); recessive model (OR = 0.907, 95 % CI: 0.516–1.596, P = 0.736)]. Moreover, stratification by ethnicity also revealed that no matter it is in Caucasian populations or in Asian populations, NAFLD has no association with the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism.ConclusionsAccording to the meta-analysis, both in Asians and Caucasian populations, the PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism can't be demonstrated to have any link with susceptibility to NAFLD.     

Glucose-independent racial disparity in HbA1c is evident at onset of type 1 diabetes

ObjectiveHigher levels of HbA1c, independent of blood glucose levels, have been described in Blacks compared to Whites patients with established diabetes. The goal of this study was to determine if glucose-independent racial disparity in HbA1C is evident at diabetes onset.Research design and methodsWe conducted a retrospective single-center chart review of 189 youth with new onset Type 1 diabetes (T1D) 60 % Whites and 40 % Blacks. HbA1c, glucose and other biochemistry measures were obtained at presentation in the Emergency Department before initiation of any therapy. HbA1c levels were adjusted for presenting glucose, self-identified race, age, gender, hematocrit, and RDW-CV.ResultsBlacks with T1D had statistically significant higher unadjusted HbA1c (11.9 ± 1.9 vs 11.04 ± 2.0 %, p = 0.004), initial glucose (530.6 ± 230.4 vs 442 ± 211.3 mg/dL, p = 0.0075) and lower pHs (7.28 ± 0.15 vs 7.33 ± 0.12, p = 0.02) compared to white patients. Least squares means of HbA1c remained higher in Black patients even after statistical adjustment for presenting glucose, age, gender, RDW-CV, and pH. In a multiple variable model (R² = 0.38, p < 0.0001) c-peptide was influenced by HCO₃ (p = 0.0035), gender (p = 0.0092), BMI (p < 0.0001), but not race or glucose.ConclusionsHbA1c at initial presentation of T1D is higher in young Black patients compared to Whites even after adjustment for glucose, age, gender, and RDW-CV. This racial disparity is consistent with other studies in individuals without diabetes and patients with long-standing diabetes under treatment.