Pathophysiology of mild endometriosis: review of literature

Endometriosis is a puzzling condition and the literature ischaracterized by a large number of uncontrolled reports on itsaetiology and pathophysiology. In particular the relationshipbetween mild endometriosis and subfecundity is uncertain. Thispaper critically reviews the published literature on the pathogenesis,prevalence, menstrual symptomatology and natural history ofendometriosis. Furthermore, factors implicated in causing subfecundityin relation to endometriosis and the impact of various treatmentsin enhancing fertility among women with mild endometriosis havebeen assessed.     

Ramp rate of blood pressure changes does not affect aortic afferent sensitivity in anesthetized rats

To investigate whether the rate of change in blood pressure affects the sensitivity of the aortic baroreceptor afferent response, the change in aortic nerve activity (ANA) to two different rates of ramp increase in mean blood pressure (MBP), elicited by phenylephrine administration, was determined in the rat under urethane (1.5 g kg⁻¹) anesthesia. The sensitivity of the increase in ANA following a rapid (average ramp rate, 9.14 ± 0.60 mmHg s⁻¹, n = 11) or gradual (1.78 ± 0.24 mmHg s⁻¹, n = 11) increase in MBP was 2.03 ± 0.14% and 1.81 ± 0.20% of baseline mmHg⁻¹, respectively. These values were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.16). Furthermore, we found no correlation between the rate of ramp increase in MBP and the sensitivity of the increase in ANA (r = 0.24, P = 0.29, n = 22). These results suggest that, at least within the normal physiological range of MBP, the rate of the ramp change in blood pressure does not affect aortic baroreceptor afferent sensitivity in the anesthetized rat.     

How effective is patient-controlled analgesia? A randomized comparison of two protocols for pain relief during oocyte recovery

Although the conventional method of pain relief during outpatient oocyte recovery involves physician-administered drugs, patient- controlled analgesia (PCA) offers an alternative technique with the potential to give women more control over peroperative analgesia. We conducted a prospective randomized study to compare the effect of fentanyl administered either through a PCA delivery system or by a physician. Thirty-nine women were randomized to PCA during egg collection while 42 were allocated to receive intermittent doses administered by a physician. Pain was evaluated by means of a 100 mm linear analogue scale. The mean (SD) pain score in the PCA group was 38.5 (19.8) while in the other group it was 46.1 (21.3) (P = 0.1). In the PCA group, 64% of women felt very satisfied with their analgesia as compared with 57% in the non-PCA group (P = 0.6). Among the PCA users, 39% of demands were successful. Significantly more fentanyl (97.5 microg) was used in the PCA group than in the other group (84.6 microg) (P = 0.03). Though intraoperative PCA with fentanyl is an effective alternative to physician-administered techniques, many women still feel the need for more analgesia during the procedure.      

Human trophoblast adhesion to matrix proteins: inhibition and signal transduction

At the time of implantation, the extracellular matrix proteinslaminin and fibronectin are abundant in the decidua and aredistributed pericellularly around each individual stromal cell.First trimester human trophoblast expresses both laminin andfibronectin receptors, specifically the ₁ß_{1 5}ß₁₆ß₁ and ₆ß₄ integrin heterodimers. In thisstudy we have demonstrated that in-vitro adhesion of first trimesterhuman trophoblast to purified extracellular matrix proteinsand to purified decidual stromal cell monolayers can be inhibitedby monoclonal antibodies directed against appropriate integrinsubunits and by synthetic peptides containing an arginine-glycine-asparticacid sequence. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the ₅ and ß₁integrin subunits and a synthetic peptide significantly inhibitedadhesion to fibronectin. Binding of trophoblast to laminin wasblocked with mAbs to the ₆ and ß₁ but not ₁ and ß₄integrinsubunits. Similarly, integrin-mediated adhesion to monolayersof decidual stromal cells could be blocked with mAbs to the₅, ₆, ß₆ and ß₄ integrin subunits. Integrin-mediatedsignal transduction in normal and malignant trophoblast wasinvestigated by Western blotting. A 115 kDa protein was themajor tyrosine phosphorylated protein detected in trophoblastafter binding to laminin or fibronectin. The profile of tyrosinephosphorylated proteins differed for malignant trophoblast. integrins/matrix/signal transduction/trophoblast     

The Ljubljana IUDS: further observations on surface morphology

Twelve IUDs that had been worn from 8 years 10 months to 24 years were examined by SEM. Photomicrographs of selected samples are shown, and a discussion of the nature of the surface encrustations is provided. The authors are of the opinion that surface encrustations are generic to different types of IUDs and that their clinical significance is presently unknown.

---

Resumen Doce DIU que fueron usados de 8 años 10 meses a 24 años, se examinaron por microscopio de barrido. Se muestran microfotografías de especímenes seleccionados y se especula sobre la naturaleza de las incrustaciones en la superficie. Los autores son de opinión que las incrustaciones en la superficie son comunes para los distintos tipos de DIU y que actualmente se desconoce su significado clínico.

---

Résumé Douze stérilets qui ont été utilisés pendant une période allant de 8 ans et 10 mois à 24 ans ont fait object 'dun examen sous microscope électronique. Des microphotographies de spécimens sélectionnés illustrent ce document. Après avoir examiné la nature des incrustations superficielles, les auterus en ont tiré la conclusion que les différents types de stérilets présentent tous les mêmes incrustations dont on ne connaît pas encore la signification clinique.

---

---

Presented at the 3rd International Meeting of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception, Bordeaux, France, September, 1985     

南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状及其影响因素

目的 了解南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现状,探究其影响因素,为本地区儿童忽视防治提供理论依据。方法 2021年1月采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取南通市城区9所幼儿园,采用“中国城市3～6岁儿童忽视评价常模”量表对1 141名儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果 南通市城区学龄前忽视率为28.6%,忽视度为40.21±6.67。其中男生与女生的忽视率分别为28.0%和29.2%,忽视度分别为40.29±6.54和40.13±6.80,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。不同年龄组别儿童忽视率和忽视度差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。非独生子女忽视率和忽视度均高于独生子女(χ²=6.209,t=3.947,P＜0.05)。家庭月收入越高的儿童忽视率和忽视度均越低(χ²=28.487,F=25.453),Green评分为中等水平的儿童忽视率和忽视度均最低(χ²=11.595,F=17.215),主要照顾人为父母的儿童忽视率和忽视度均低于祖父母/外祖父母(χ²=19.269,F=5.402),差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:非独生子女受忽视的风险是独生子女的1.338倍;家庭月收入为＜8 000元、8 000～12 000元的儿童忽视风险分别是家庭月收入>12 000元儿童2.183倍、2.016倍;祖父母或外祖父母作为主要照顾人的儿童忽视风险是父母作为主要照顾人的1.979倍(P<0.05)。结论 南通市城区学龄前儿童忽视现象较为普遍,影响因素较多,需引起重视,亟待采取措施加以改善。     

Asking About Childhood Adversity in the Prenatal Care Setting: Cross-Sectional Associations with Maternal Health and Mental Health Outcomes

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes in pregnancy, prompting many care agencies to ask about ACEs as...     

Reproductive Health Knowledge About Miscarriage: A Cross-Sectional Study of University Students

Maternal and Child Health Journal - To assess university students’ knowledge of reproductive health information about miscarriage. A single-centre, cross-sectional study was carried out using...     

早期视屏暴露对儿童语言发育的影响研究

目的 分析儿童早期视屏暴露对语言发育的影响,为预防儿童语言发育迟缓提供参考依据。方法 采用病例对照研究于2019年1—12月用Gesell发育诊断量表对病例组(语言发育迟缓)54名儿童、对照组(发育正常)56名儿童进行发育评估,全体儿童年龄范围1~5岁;使用自拟调查问卷“儿童早期视屏暴露情况调查表”对所有参与调查儿童的主要抚养人进行问卷调查。结果 对照组儿童手机/iPad暴露的比例和时长均高于电视,病例组儿童暴露于手机/iPad和电视的比例分别占88.9%、81.5%,明显高于对照组(71.4%、57.1%),差异均有统计学意义(χ²=5.238、4.493,P＜0.05);病例组儿童暴露于手机/iPad和电视的时长分别为38.0(15.0,60.0) min/d、35(17.0,55.0) min/d,高于对照组[25.0(10.0,45.0) min/d、20(8.0,40.0) min/d],差异有统计学意义(Z=2.936、2.468,P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,儿童每日观看手机/iPad的时间≥30min/d是语言发育迟缓的危险因素(OR=2.431,95%CI:3.188~12.723,P＜0.01)。结论 儿童早期暴露于手机/iPad时间过长是语言发育迟缓的危险因素,家长要严格限制儿童每日接触手机等电子视屏的时间,增加亲子交流互动,促进儿童健康。     

我国常见细菌耐药趋势预测研究:基于灰色GM (1,1)模型

 目的 通过对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌（CRPA）、耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌（CRAB）、耐第三代头孢菌素的大肠埃希菌（3GCR-E.coli）、耐第三代头孢菌素的肺炎克雷伯菌（3GCR-KP）等细菌耐药数据构建灰色预测模型,分析细菌耐药特征的变化趋势,探讨灰色预测模型在细菌耐药领域的应用价值。方法 采用2014-2018年全国细菌耐药监测报告中MRSA、CRPA和CRAB、3GCR-E.coli、3GCR-KP等耐药率数据构建灰色预测GM （1,1）模型。用后验差比C值和小误差概率P值评估模型精度,用相对误差和级比偏差评估模型拟合效果,并用2019-2020年数据对模型预测效果进行验证。最终根据模型对2021-2023年的耐药率进行预测。结果 本研究构建的GM （1,1）模型对MRSA、CRPA、CRAB、3GCR-E.coli和3GCR-KP等细菌耐药率预测效果较好,根据该模型预测到2023年其耐药率分别可降低至23.9%、15.2%、50.2%、43.8%、26.1%。结论 全国针对细菌耐药情况采取的控制措施取得明显成效,GM （1,1）模型对细菌耐药率预测效果较好,可在细菌耐药管理领域推广应用。