甲状腺癌根治术不常规放置颈部引流管的可行性

目的:评价甲状腺癌根治术不常规放置颈部引流管的可行性及其临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2017年9月至2018年9月我科行择期甲状腺癌根治术314例患者临床资料,其中111例未放置颈部引流管,其余203例放置颈部引流管,比较两组患者基线资料[包括年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、手术方式、病理类型、淋巴结转移情况]、术后住院日、术后疼痛评分、术后换药次数及并发症发生率。结果:两组患者在平均年龄、性别构成、BMI指数、手术方式、术后病理分型等方面差异均无统计学意义,无引流组较引流组术后住院日明显缩短[(1.51±0.60)d vs(2.75±0.87)d,P<0.001],术后疼痛明显减轻(VAS评分:2.34±1.12 vs 2.78±1.52,P<0.01],术后换药次数明显减少(1.68±0.81 vs 2.52±1.85,P<0.001),二者在并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义。结论:甲状腺癌根治术后不放置引流管可加快患者康复,且并不增加并发症发生率,故需严格把握引流管放置指征,不建议常规预防性放置颈部引流管。     

游离脂肪酸和胰岛素及葡萄糖对脐静脉内皮细胞影响的实验研究

目的　研究游离脂肪酸 (FFA)、胰岛素 (Ins)、葡萄糖 (Glu)及其共同作用时对血管内皮细胞 (VEC)的影响。　方法　用MTT法测定经FFA、Ins、Glu处理后脐静脉内皮细胞的活力 ,用绿色荧光蛋白标记的膜联蛋白V/碘化丙啶 (annexinV GFP /PI)双染色法检测细胞凋亡或死亡率。　结果　 (1)生理浓度 (10 0 μmol/L)的软脂酸 (PA)作用于细胞 72h ,与空白对照组 (对照组 )相比 ,细胞的存活率降低了 (18 7± 5 8) % ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )高浓度的Ins (5 0U/L)可使细胞生存率增加 (36 8± 4 6 ) % ,与对照组相比差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3) 5 0U/LIns 40 0μmol/LPA组细胞的生存率较 4 0 0 μmol/LPA组增加 (2 8± 3 2 ) % (P <0 0 5 )。 (4 ) 2 2 2mmol/LGlu 40 0 μmol/LPA组细胞生存率较PA组减少了 (2 1± 7 2 ) % (P <0 0 5 )。 (5 ) 2 2 2mmol/LGlu 40 0 μmol/LPA 5 0U/LIns组生存率较 2 2 2mmol/LGlu 40 0 μmol/LPA组增加了 (17 6±2 3) % (P <0 0 5 )。 (6 )Glu致VEC的损伤以引起细胞凋亡为主 ,而FFA以引起细胞非凋亡性的死亡为主。　结论　PA对血管VEC的毒性作用远远大于Glu ,Ins本身对血管VEC有保护作用 ,Glu可加重PA对VEC的毒性作用。     

Prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke and myocardialinfarction: not birds of a feather?

Both acute myocardial infarction (MI) and acute ischemic stroke are leading causes of death and disability in our world—the former in mostAmerican and European countries and the latter in many of Asian countries.1 Although these common acute vascular disorders share some similarities, there are important differences regarding pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management. The differences between acuteMI and acute ischemic stroke are manifold, and imply different prevention and treatment strategies. Given that the paradoxical differences in incidence density of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke between different populations has long been known, and the great burden placed by these disorders on human being, one may wonder at the paucity of literature to compare them. In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, we publish two articles2,3 addressing the similarity and differences of CHD and stroke to highlight this important question in medicine. Wei et al.3 performed cerebral angiography and coronary angiography in 34 patients who had both coronary and cerebral ischemia related symptoms and found significant correlation between the severity of these two vascular beds; Yu and Wu2 analyzed data of patients admitted to their hospitals because of either acute stroke or acute MI, and they found that acute stroke patients were significantly older than acute MI patients while hypertension was more common in acute stroke patients than in acuteMI patients.     

Treatment of corticosteroid-resistant ulcerative colitis with oral low molecular weight heparin

INTRODUCTlONTheeti0logyandpathogenesisofulcerativec0litis(UC)haveremainedunclear.Treatmentisn0nspecificbasedontheanti-inflammat0ryagentscorticosteroidandsulfasalazine.Asignificantproportionfailt0resp0ndtothistherapy['].Astherelapse,refractory0rseriousUCpatientshadahypercoagulablestateandanincreasedincidence0fthromboemb0licevents[2-4j,heparinhasbeenusedbysomea.th0rs[57].Yet,itshalf-lifeperiodisshort,needinglong-terminjecti0n,whichrestrictsitsfurtherclinicalapplication.Ourprevi0usstudiesh…     

糖尿病并发症相关基因醛糖还原酶酵母细胞模型的建立

目的 构建由绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的糖尿病慢性并发症相关基因醛糖还原酶（AR）表达载体，并在酵母细胞中表达，建立AR抑制剂筛选模型。方法 构建AR与GFP的嵌合基因，将此AR：：GFP嵌合基因克隆到酵母表达载体pYEX-BX中，再将重组载体pYEX-BX-AR：：GFP转化至酵母宿主菌INVSC1，在SC-UD选择性培养基中表达AR：：GFP。结果 PCR扩增出约l106bp大小片段，为AR基因片段；RT-PCR在酵母细胞中检测到ARmRNA的表达；经CuS04诱导后可见AR：：GFP融合蛋白的绿色荧光；诱导剂CuSO4终浓度在100～200μmol／L范围内相对荧光强度较高，细胞密度适中；培养基SC-UD的pH值为6左右最适合细胞生长和荧光表达。结论 AR：：GFP在酿酒酵母中成功地表达，酵母细胞是研究目的基因功能与表达的良好模式菌。     

Mitochondrial pathway is responsible for aging-related increase of tubular cell apoptosis in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Aging-related changes of tubular cell apoptosis and its mechanisms in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are unclear. In the present study, aged (27-month-old) and young (3-month-old) Wistar rats were used to investigate aging-related tubular cell apoptosis in the setting of renal I/R injury. The renal I/R model was induced by clamping bilateral renal arteries for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 18 hours. Cyclosporine A (CsA, 2 mg/kg) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, 20 mg/kg/d) was used before ischemia. Age-matched sham-operated rats served as controls. We found that tubular cell apoptosis increased more significantly in aged rats than in young rats after renal I/R. More pronounced increases of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase-9, which are involved in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, were found in aged rats than in young rats, and were associated with a more pronounced decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and increase of malondialdehyde content. However, increases of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and caspase-8, two components of death receptor-mediated apoptosis, showed no aging-related differences. Interfering mitochondria and death receptor pathways with CsA and MMF, respectively, reduced the apoptosis in both age groups, whereas CsA was more effective in aged rats. Our results have demonstrated that there was an aging-related increase of tubular cell apoptosis in the renal I/R model, which may be, at least partly, due to an enhanced mitochondrial pathway resulting possibly from increased oxidative stress.     

Hormonal regulation of dipeptide transporter （PepT1） in Caco-2 cells with normal and anoxia／reoxygenation management

AIM: To determine the regulation effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on dipeptide transporter(PepT1) in Caco-2 cells with normal culture and anoxia/reoxygenation injury. METHODS: A human intestinal cell monolayer (Caco-2) was used as the in vitro model of human small intestine and cephalexin as the model substrate for dipeptide transporter (PepT1). Caco-2 cells grown on Transwell membrane filters were preincubated in the presence of rhGH in the culture medium for 4 d, serum was withdrawn from monolayers for 24 h before each experiment. The transport experiments of cephalexin across apical membromes were then conducted; Caco-2 cells grown on multiple well dishes (24 pore) with normal culture or anoxia/reoxygenation injury were preincubated with rhGH as above and uptake of cephalexin was then measured. RESULTS: The transport and uptake of cephelaxin across apical membranes of Caco-2 cells after preincubation with rhGH were significantly increased compared with controls (P=0.045, 0.0223). Also, addition of rhGH at physiological concentration (34 nM) to incubation medium greatly stimulates cephalexin uptake by anoxia/reoxygenation injuried Caco-2 cells (P=0.0116), while the biological functions of PepT1 in injured Caco-2 cells without rhGH were markedly downregulated. Northern blot analysis showed that the level of PepT1 mRNA of rhGH-treated injured Caco-2 cells was greatly increased compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The present results of rhGH stimulating the uptake and transport of cephalexin indicated that rhGH greatly upregulates the physiological effects of dipeptide transporters of Caco-2 cells. The alteration in the gene expression may be a mechanism of regulation of PepT1. In addition, Caco-2 cells take up cephalexin by the Proton-dependent dipeptide transporters that closely resembles the transporters present in the intestine. Caco-2 cells represent an ideal cellular model for future studies of the dipeptide transporter.     

急性胰腺炎合并感染患者的病原菌分布及耐药性

目的分析急性胰腺炎(AP)患者合并感染的病原菌分布及耐药特征,以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法回顾性收集2016—2018年AP合并感染患者感染病原菌及其耐药情况,将AP按疾病严重程度分为重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组与非SAP组,比较两组患者感染病原菌分布及多重耐药菌(MDRO)检出的差异。结果最终纳入262例AP合并感染患者,其中混合感染患者144例(54.96%)。共分离出病原菌291株,其中革兰阴性菌207株(71.13%),革兰阳性菌84株(28.87%);居前三位的病原菌分别是大肠埃希菌(71株)、肺炎克雷伯菌(45株)及鲍曼不动杆菌(40株)。SAP组患者鲍曼不动杆菌感染率,MDRO感染率高于非SAP组(P0.05),胆源性AP患者较非胆源性AP患者更易发生MDRO感染(P0.05)。大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌对第三代头孢、氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药率均在50%以上,对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为9.86%和35.56%;鲍曼不动杆菌除对氨苄西林/舒巴坦、阿米卡星的耐药率35%外,对其他大部分抗菌药物的耐药率均60%;未检测出耐利奈唑胺、万古霉素、替加环素及替考拉宁的革兰阳性菌株。结论 AP患者细菌感染以革兰阴性菌为主,具有高度耐药性和多重耐药性,且MDRO感染对SAP患者的治疗构成严重威胁。     

鲍曼不动杆菌异质性耐药研究进展

异质性耐药是指细菌的不同亚群对某种抗菌药物表现出不同的敏感性,多报道于对万古霉素中介的金黄色葡萄球菌。近年来,在以鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌等为代表的革兰阴性菌中这一现象不断地被揭示,并且被逐渐认识到其可能是导致抗感染治疗失败的原因之一。细菌一旦出现异质性耐药,在抗菌药物选择性压力下,即使是小部分的耐药亚群也可表现出高水平的表型耐药,从而导致临床应用抗菌药物抗感染治疗的失败。异质性耐药体现了细菌群体从部分耐药向完全耐药转变的过程。研究异质性耐药对于认识临床常见病原菌耐药的发展过程,以及评估治疗方案和指导临床使用抗菌药物具有重要的意义。本文对鲍曼不动杆菌异质性耐药的研究现状进行了综述。