我国放射源安全监管信息化现状分析及建议

本文主要介绍国家核技术利用辐射安全管理系统基本情况和使用情况,阐述放射源安全监管信息化的目的、意义,重点对现状进行分析,总结取得的成绩、提出存在的问题,为加强和改进放射源安全监管信息化工作提出了建议,对我国放射源安全防护管理工作具有参考借鉴作用。     

海南百岁老人主要健康指标及其与生存质量的关联研究

百岁老人作为研究健康老龄化的"模板人群", 探索其健康长寿特征及其相关影响因素, 有助于探讨我国人口老龄化背景下实现健康长寿的可能路径。近年来, 包括中国海南百岁老人队列研究(CHCCS)在内的长寿人群观察性研究报道了百岁老人主要健康特征与生存质量的关联。本文旨在综述CHCCS近年来发现的相关研究证据并结合国内同类研究结果进行分析。其中主要健康指标包括血压、血脂、血糖、血红蛋白、身体测量指标和肾功能等;生存质量及健康结局包括饮食、营养、健康相关生活质量、日常活动能力、老年综合征等。以期为制定健康老龄化政策提供相关人群流行病学证据。     

海南百岁老人营养状况对全因死亡影响的前瞻性队列研究

目的探讨海南百岁老人营养状况与全因死亡风险之间的关系。方法利用中国海南百岁老人队列研究2014-2021年调查数据, 本研究共纳入1 002名基线资料完整的海南百岁老人, 随访其生存与死亡结局。根据简易营养评估量表将百岁老人的营养状况分为营养良好(12～14分)、营养不良风险(8～11分)和营养不良(0～7分)3组。利用Kaplan-Meier曲线评估百岁老人的生存状况;利用Cox比例风险回归模型评估营养状况与全因死亡之间的关联。结果 2021年5月31日随访结束后, 共发现522名百岁老人死亡, 7年全因死亡率为52.10%(522/1 002)。与营养良好组相比, 营养不良导致的平均减寿为0.62年。生存分析显示, 营养不良组全因死亡率高于其他组(χ2=16.45, P<0.001)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示, 与营养良好的百岁老人相比, 营养不良组全因死亡风险更高(HR=1.65, 95%CI:1.18～2.31)。亚组分析发现女性百岁老人该关联更为显著。结论营养不良与海南百岁老人高全因死亡风险相关, 提示应及时评估和关注百岁老人特别是女性老人营养状况对其健康长...     

苦参素磷脂复合物胶囊体外溶出度的考察

目的建立RP-HPLC法测定苦参素磷脂复合物胶囊体外溶出度的方法。方法以pH1.2的水溶液为溶出介质，转速100r/min，用RP-HPLC法检测苦参素，检测波长为220nm。结果苦参素在0.1332～4.2624μg范围内，与峰面积的线性关系良好（r=0.9995），平均加样回收率为99.34%，RSD为1.15%，检测3批样品平均累计溶出度为92.3%～95.7%。结论所建方法操作简便、准确、可靠，适用于苦参素磷脂复合物胶囊的质量控制。     

Comparison of ISO 14243-1 to ASTM F3141 in terms of wearing of knee prostheses

BackgroundThe wear properties of knee implants need to be thoroughly evaluated prior to clinical use to ensure implant longevity. ISO 14243-1:2009 and ASTM F3141-17 are the two standards typically used for evaluating wear, with the ISO standard being more common; ASTM F3141-17 was first released in 2015. The aim of this study is to compare differences between these two standards in terms of wearing on a knee prosthesis.MethodsUsing finite element analysis based on Archard's law, this study evaluated anterior-posterior and internal-external motion, contact area, contact force, contact stress, volumetric wear rate, wear depth, and wear distribution on the knee prosthesis.FindingsThe results show that simulations performed according to ASTM F3141 produced knee kinematics that were more similar to human gait. The maximum wear depth occurred on the medial side of the tibia. However, the region of peak contact stress did not always correspond with the region of the maximum wear depth, indicating that considering the contact stress alone is not sufficient for evaluating wear as the sliding distance also plays an important role. The resulting wear region from the ASTM F3141 simulation was smaller but deeper than the wear region from the simulation per ISO 14243-1. However, the volumetric wear rates were very similar, with 13.48–55.26 mm³/million for ASTM F3141 and 13.64–54.9 mm³/million for ISO 14243-1.InterpretationThe resulting rate of wear is almost identical between ISO 14243-1 and ASTM F3141. However, there are differences in wear contours and wear depth.     

医院科技成果转化的途径

医院科技成果转化率低是制约医疗水平发展的重要因素。本文阐述了科技成果转化的涵义,分析了医院成果转化的现状以及制约医院科研成果转化的主要困难和问题,提出了加快医院科研成果转化的有效途径。     

论X射线对受检者的损伤与防护对策

论述X射线检查对受检者的损伤机理与范围、防护有关法规与原则，提出了医疗单位、工作人员和受检者的防护措施与对策，以有效规范X线的使用，保障人民健康。     

我国人工养麝现状分析及展望

人工养麝是实现麝与麝香资源有效保护和可持续利用的根本途径。通过梳理麝类人工养殖历史及相关政策法规，分析人工养麝的发展现状和存在问题，认为人工养麝在设施建设、饲养管理、驯养繁殖、饲料研发、疾病防治等技术层面已基本具备了大规模、产业化发展的条件。指出麝类养殖的政策管理应当进一步放开，降低办理驯养繁殖许可证的准入门槛、提高审批效率以减少申办者的人力与时间成本；应将现行配额制度的重心从控制麝香使用向鼓励麝香生产转移，鼓励企业参与林麝养殖、产品收购及药品研发，形成“公司+农户”的养殖格局，生产麝香终端产品；应依托国家林业和草原局麝类保护繁育与利用国家创新联盟，制定从技术培训、技术服务、生产繁育计划制定、人工养殖种群和产品溯源、疾病防控等关键环节的技术指导和监管措施，确保养麝产业最大限度降低行业风险，促进人工养麝良性发展。     

Fabrication and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial composites for dental applications

There is an increasing clinical need to design novel dental materials that combine regenerative and antibacterial properties. In this work the characterization of a recently developed sol–gel-derived bioactive glass ceramic containing silver ions (Ag-BG) is presented. The microstructural characteristics, ion release profile, zeta potential value and changes in weight loss and pH value as a function of the immersion time of Ag-BG in Tris buffer are evaluated. Ag-BG is also incorporated into natural extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel to further enhance its regenerative properties. Then, the micro and macro architectures of these new composites (ECM/Ag-BG) are characterized. In addition, the antibacterial properties of these new composites are tested against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of dental pulp infections. Cell–material interaction is also monitored in a primary culture of dental pulp cells. Our study highlights the benefits of the successful incorporation of Ag in the bioactive glass, resulting in a stable antibacterial material with long-lasting bactericidal activity. Furthermore, this work presents for the first time the fabrication of new Ag-doped composite materials, with inductive pulp-cell proliferation and antibacterial properties (ECM/Ag-BG). This advanced composite made of Ag-BG incorporated into natural ECM possesses improved properties that may facilitate potential applications in tooth regeneration approaches.