盐酸小檗碱对菌丝相白念珠菌细胞壁完整性的影响

探讨盐酸小檗碱对菌丝相白念珠菌细胞壁完整性的影响。以微量液基稀释法检测盐酸小檗碱对白念珠菌标准株与临床株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);spot assay检测白念珠菌落形成;XTT法检测白念珠菌丝代谢;荧光显微镜观察白念珠菌丝活力;扫描电镜观察白念珠菌丝形态;透射电镜观察白念珠菌丝细胞壁结构;流式细胞术检测白念珠菌细胞壁β-葡聚糖暴露程度;qRT-PCR法检测白念珠菌丝特异性基因ECE1及β-葡聚糖合酶调控基因FKS1和FKS2的表达。结果显示,盐酸小檗碱对白念珠菌临床株及标准株的MIC为64~128μg·mL^-1;512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱干预下能抑制白念珠菌落生长,64~512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能抑制菌丝代谢,512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能抑制白念珠菌丝活力,256~512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能抑制形态转化,512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能明显损伤细胞壁结构,128~512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗能促进细胞壁β-葡聚糖暴露,512μg·mL^-1盐酸小檗碱能下调白念珠菌丝特异性基因ECE12.72倍及β-葡聚糖合成酶调控基因FKS1与FKS2分别3.49,3.26倍。研究表明,一定浓度的盐酸小檗碱可能通过下调白念珠菌丝特异性基因及β-葡聚糖合成酶相关基因的表达,从而破坏白念珠菌细胞壁的结构并促使β-葡聚糖暴露,进而影响整个细胞壁的完整性。     

Absorption,tissue distribution,tissue metabolism and safety of α-mangostin in mangosteen extract using mouse models

The commercially available herbal products as the form of extract were usually mixtures containing various compounds. In spite of the purported efficacy in each active constituent, the coexisting constituents in the herbal extract might interfere with the efficacy and safety and affect the pharmacokinetic properties of active constituents. To compare for the pharmacokinetic properties of α-mangostin, a major bioactive compound, in mangosteen extract and pure α-mangostin, the pharmacokinetics as well as tissue distribution, in vitro metabolism, plasma protein binding and safety evaluation were conducted in mice because a mouse model is required a small amount of compounds and useful to develop disease models. The absorption of α-mangostin was increased and hepatic metabolism of α-mangostin was decreased in mice treated with mangosteen extract. However, the intestinal metabolism α-mangostin is comparable and still extensive in mice treated with α-mangostin and mangosteen extract. Intraperitorial LC₅₀ of α-mangostin and mangosteen extract was 150 and 231 mg/kg, respectively. These findings may be valuable to explain the different pharmacokinetics and safety of α-mangostin and mangosteen extract. Furthermore, these findings are useful to design the efficacy and safety investigation of α-mangostin or mangosteen extract in mice with disease models or combination therapies to extrapolate into the clinical levels.     

前胡香豆素类提取物的UPLC/Q-TOF-MS分析及其初步药效学研究

目的建立UPLC/Q-TOF-MS法分析前胡香豆素类提取物的化学成分,并对其初步药效学进行研究。方法采用Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱;以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长321 nm;采用电喷雾正离子化模式(ESI~+),扫描范围m/z 100~1 000;利用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠模型,对前胡香豆素类提取物的调脂降糖作用进行初步药效学研究。结果前胡香豆素类提取物中的qianhucoumarinD(1)、peucedanocoumarinⅡ(2)、白花前胡甲素(3)、peucedanocoumarin I(4)、白花前胡乙素(5)、praeuptorin E(6)得到良好的分离与鉴定。初步药效学实验结果表明,前胡香豆素类提取物能显著降低2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖、胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白及肝脏指数(P0.05),升高高密度脂蛋白(P0.05),提示前胡香豆素类提取物能改善2型糖尿病大鼠糖与脂质代谢,发挥治疗2型糖尿病的作用。结论建立了前胡香豆素类的UPLC/Q-TOF-MS的分离鉴定方法;初步药效学研究表明前胡香豆素类提取物具有显著的调脂及降糖作用。     

伊曲康唑片处方工艺及质量检测标准的研究

目的筛选和优化伊曲康唑片处方工艺,并对片剂进行质量评定,建立伊曲康唑片的质量检测标准。方法以颗粒流动性、片重差异、片面光洁度、硬度、崩解时限为考察指标,以粘合剂（淀粉浆）浓度、崩解剂（CMS—Na）加入量为因素,采用L9（3^2）正交试验表设计试验方案,并考虑崩解剂（CMS—Na）的加入方式,对伊曲康唑片处方工艺进行筛选,进而进行质量评定。结果按本处方和工艺制成的片剂片重差异小,片子表面细腻,光滑,有光泽,质量评定均符合要求。结论优化处方达到《中国药典》规定要求。     

Protective effect of Huangpu Tongqiao capsule against Alzheimer's disease through inhibiting the apoptosis pathway mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro and in vivo

ObjectivesHuangpu Tongqiao Capsule (HPTQC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was to explore the pharmacological action and molecular mechanism of HPTQC in the treatment of AD.MethodsThe possible targets of HTPQC were predicted by the molecular docking technique. Intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and bilateral injection of Aβ_25-35 in hippocampus induced AD rat model. Morris water maze was used to observe learning and memory function. The primary hippocampal neurons were induced by Aβ_25-35. Moreover, the apoptosis rate of hippocampal nerve cells was detected through AnnexinV/PI double standard staining. The mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, CHOP, Caspase 12, Caspase 9, and Caspase 3 were detected by PCR and western blot.ResultsThe prediction results suggest that HPTQC may act on GRP78. HPTQC significantly improved the learning and memory function, and decreased neuronal apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, HPTQC could decrease the mRNA and protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, Caspase12, Caspase9, and Caspase3, and the effect trend was consistent with the specific inhibitor of GRP78.ConclusionsHPTQC has a neuroprotective effect against AD by inhibiting the apoptosis pathway mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress.     

The anti-angiogenesis mechanism of Geniposide on rheumatoid arthritis is related to the regulation of PTEN

Inflammopharmacology - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune disease characterized by joint inflammation and pannus. The nascent pannus contributes to synovial hyperplasia, cartilage, and...     

地奥心血康治疗大鼠非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝的实验研究

目的 研究地奥心血康对大鼠非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝的治疗作用。方法 将SD大鼠(♂)随机分为正常组和造模组,高脂高胆固醇饲料饲喂造模组大鼠8周,待造模成功后将造模组大鼠随机分为模型组、阿托伐他汀组(2.0 mg·kg^–1),地奥心血康高、中、低(100,30,10 mg·kg^–1)剂量组,每组10只,灌胃给药连续8周。油酸-棕榈酸(oleic acid-palmitic acid,OA-PA)刺激HepG2细胞建立脂质蓄积模型,阿托伐他汀和地奥心血康干预。测定血脂、肝脂质、肝功能、肝脏指数;测定细胞脂质和转氨酶水平;HE染色、透射电镜、油红O染色观察肝脏与肝细胞超微结构形态学变化及脂质沉积情况。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝脏指数、血脂、肝脂质及肝脏病理评分显著升高,肝功能异常,HepG2细胞脂质蓄积、转氨酶升高;与模型组比较,地奥心血康组及阿托伐他汀组肝脏指数和转氨酶降低,脂质代谢和脂质蓄积明显改善,肝细胞脂肪变性明显减轻(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 地奥心血康可有效治疗大鼠非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝。     

Critical roles of conventional dendritic cells in promoting T cell‐dependent hepatitis through regulating natural killer T cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in initiating and regulating innate immunity as well as adaptive immune responses. However, the role of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in concanavalin A (ConA)‐induced fulminant hepatitis is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that depletion of cDCs using either CD11c‐diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice (DTR Tg) mice or anti‐CD11c antibody reduced the severity of liver injury significantly, indicating a detrimental role of cDCs in ConA‐induced hepatitis. We elucidated further the pathological role of cDCs as being the critical source of interleukin (IL)‐12, which induced the secretion of interferon (IFN)‐γ by natural killer (NK) T cells. Reconstitution of cDCs‐depleted mice with IL‐12 restored ConA‐induced hepatitis significantly. Furthermore, we determined that NK T cells were the target of DC‐derived IL‐12, and NK T cells contributed to liver inflammation and injury through production of IFN‐γ. In summary, our study demonstrated a novel function of cDCs in mediating ConA‐induced hepatitis through regulating IFN‐γ secretion of NK T cells in an IL‐12‐dependent fashion. Targeting cDCs might provide potentially therapeutic applications in treating autoimmune related liver diseases.     

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??OBJECTIVE To synthesize and evaluate of antihypertensive activity of novel nitric oxide-releasing N-phenyl-1H-pyrrole derivatives. METHODS By connecting key structural elements present in an AT1 receptor antagonist irbesartan with N-phenyl-1H-pyrrole carboxylic acid, a novel AT1 antagonist compound 4 was designed and synthesized, and a series of novel NO-donating derivatives (IN 1-10) were obtained by introducing NO donor. The amount of NO production in vitro of the target compounds were determined by Greiss assay. And the antagonism of Ang II induced vascular contraction assay was used to value the inhibition rate. RESULTS The antagonism of Ang ?? induced vascular contraction assay indicated that the novel compound exhibited similar activity as losartan. The NO derivative, compound IN9, found to release the maximum amount of NO during the NO releasing assay, was more potent than the lead compound 4 and positive control losartan. CONCLUSION These date indicate that the improved activities of these hybrid molecules contribute to the NO donor and the protection ability of NO donor make them promising candidates as antihypertensive agents.     

中药酸味的药性表达及在临证配伍中的应用

对中药五味中"酸"味的概念、功效内涵、来源以及与药性理论的内在联系进行了归纳。阐述应用电子舌仿生技术及化学分析手段进行酸味物质基础研究的思路和模式,提出酸味的表征方式及其物质基础拆分的研究方法,并总结了酸味中药的临床应用与配伍规律,为酸味药性的表达及临床合理应用提供研究思路和理论依据。