2019年期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南现状评价

调查2019年国内外期刊公开发表的中国临床实践指南现状,分别从制订人员、利益冲突、引文、证据质量和推荐强度分级、方法学质量与报告质量、研究空白、传播与实施7个方面进行分析,旨在为我国指南制订者、使用者和评价者提供参考。     

Netrin-1对脑梗死损伤的保护和修复作用研究进展

Netrin-1已被证实对脑梗死导致的损伤有保护和修复作用,主要表现为抑制细胞凋亡、抑制炎症反应、促进血管新生和促进轴突再生等方面。Netrin-1与脑梗死的发生和预后也有一定相关性。Netrin-1临床应用仍需进一步探讨。     

肺癌靶向治疗耐药外文研究的评价分析

目的:对肺癌靶向治疗药物耐药相关研究发表的外文文章利用可视化的方法进行再分析评价,以期为进一步开展相关研究提供借鉴。方法:通过检索主要的外文数据库,纳入相关研究文章,采用BICOMS 2分析软件对期刊、国家、发表时间、作者和主题词进行抽取和整理,并生成作者和主题词共现矩阵,利用NetDraw绘制网络关系图,利用gCLUTO进行聚类分析。结果:相关研究文章发表始于1993年,2004年之后呈现逐年增加的趋势,2010年以后迅速增长至2016年出现文献量高峰;相关文章共刊载在409种期刊上,载文量大于50篇的期刊仅有7种,占期刊总数的1.71%;参与研究的有30个国家,主要集中在北美洲和欧洲,尤以美国最多。参与研究发表文章的作者众多,但发表文章在30篇以上者只有10位,各研究作者之间存在紧密的联系。结论:该领域研究外文发表文章开始较早,2010年以后逐渐成为研究热点至今;参与的作者众多,系列研究发文量高的作者较少;开展研究的国家相对较少,不同地区存在明显不平衡性,国家之间的合作需进一步加强;研究的主题较局限,仍需进一步拓展。     

消化系癌症并发抑郁症发病情况及相关因素分析

目的了解消化系癌症（DC）患者抑郁症发病情况并探讨其相关因素。方法收集2008年6月～2011年3月两所三级甲等医院多个科室的DC患者321例,进行抑郁自评量表（SDS）和Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）的评定及抑郁相关因素调查,收回有效问卷315份,研究DC并发抑郁症的发病情况,进行相关因素分析。结果DC患者抑郁发生率为44．76％,以轻、中度程度为主,与文化程度和TNM分期有关。结论DC患者抑郁发生率较高,与文化程度和TNM分期相关,临床应加以辨识。     

Different metabolic profiles of K1 serotype and non-serotype K1 and K2 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in oral infection mice model

K1 or K2 serotype Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate caused clinical pyogenic liver abscess (KLA) infection is prevalent in many areas. It has been identified that K1 or K2 serotype K. pneumoniae isolates caused KLA infection in mice by oral inoculation. In our study, K1 serotype K. pneumoniae isolate Kp1002 with hypermucoviscosity (HV)-positive phenotype caused KLA infection in C57BL/6 mice by oral inoculation. Simultaneously, non-serotype K1 and K2 isolate Kp1014 with HV-negative phenotype failed to cause KLA infection in the same manner. It seems that gastrointestinal tract translocation is the pathway by which K1 or K2 serotype K. pneumoniae caused KLA infection. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to further analyze metabolic profile changes in mice with KLA infection. Data showed that after Kp1002 or Kp1014 oral inoculation, serum Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels significantly changed in mice. Some PC and LPC molecules showed changes both in the Kp1002 KLA group and the Kp1014 no-KLA group compared with the control group. The level of 18:1/18:2-PC significantly changed in the Kp1002 KLA group compared with the control group, but showed no change between the Kp1014 no-KLA group and the control group. The level of 18:1/18:2-PC might have been particularly affected by KLA infection caused by K1 serotype K. pneumoniae Kp1002. It may be a potential biomarker for KLA infection.     

Effect of the gastrointestinal environment on pH homeostasis of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis cells as measured by real-time fluorescence ratio-imaging microscopy

In the present work, an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was developed to obtain real-time observations of the pH homeostasis of single cells of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. strains as a measure of their physiological state. Changes in the intracellular pH (pH_i) were determined using fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy (FRIM) for potential probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum UFLA CH3 and Lactobacillus brevis UFLA FFC199. Heterogeneous populations were observed, with pH_i values ranging from 6.5 to 7.5, 3.5 to 5.6 and 6.5 to 8.0 or higher during passage of saliva (pH 6.4), gastric (pH 3.5) and intestinal juices (pH 6.4), respectively. When nutrients were added to gastric juice, the isolate L. brevis significantly decreased its pH_i closer to the extracellular pH (pH_ex) than in gastric juice without nutrients. This was not the case for L. plantarum.This study is the first to produce an in vitro GIT model enabling real-time monitoring of pH homeostasis of single cells in response to the wide range of pH_ex of the GIT. Furthermore, it was possible to observe the heterogeneous response of single cells. The technique can be used to determine the survival and physiological conditions of potential probiotics and other microorganisms during passage through the GIT.     

经胸小切口封堵术与外科手术治疗膜部室间隔缺损的对比研究

目的 探讨经胸小切口封堵术治疗膜部室间隔缺损（VSD）的优势及临床应用价值.方法 自2011年9月至2013年2月,选择40例经胸小切口封堵术治疗膜部VSD的患者,另外选40例经传统外科修补术治疗膜部VSD的患者.两组患者年龄1～32（15.5±3.5）岁,体重10.8～58.0（24.2±7.5）kg,膜部室间隔缺损大小为2～14（5.6±0.5）mm.分别依据两种不同的方法完成手术,比较两组的疗效、并发症及其他相关因素,评估经胸小切口封堵术的可行性及优越性.结果 经胸小切口封堵术组有1例患者封堵失败,行开胸手术治疗,成功率97.5％;外科手术组除1例因急性感染死亡外,余全部手术成功.两组治疗成功率相似,但在术后并发症及其他相关因素方面有明显差别.术后3～12个月随访,经胸小切口组无新并发症出现,而外科组新出现一系列并发症.结论 尽管经胸小切口膜部VSD封堵术较外科手术治疗效果相当,但具有术后并发症较少、恢复快、创伤小、患者易于接受等优点.目前该技术是可行的,且临床应用价值高.