浙江省啮齿动物中温州病毒的基因组学分析

目的 为了解国内发现的新型沙粒病毒（温州病毒）在温州地区啮齿类动物中的流行情况。方法 采用巢式RT-PCR方法分别对采集自温州（48份）及龙泉（156份）的啮齿动物样本筛查沙粒病毒。结果 在温州地区采集的5份啮齿动物样本中再次检测到温州病毒,阳性率为10.41%;但在龙泉地区采集的156份样本中均未发现温州病毒。分析病毒的全基因组序列发现其中4株病毒与已知的温州病毒有很高的同源性;而编号为Wencheng-Rn-288病毒株的S和L节段与已知病毒同源性分别为87.5%和91.6%,在进化树上为一独立分支,为温州病毒的新亚型。结论 温州病毒在温州地区啮齿动物中有较高的流行率,且呈多样性。鉴于在柬埔寨已发现温州病毒能引起人呼吸道疾病,因此我国应加强温州病毒的监测。     

德国小蠊钠离子通道抗性研究进展

德国小蠊在医学与经济方面的重要性和危害性促使人们对其进行广泛的化学防治,但随之产生严重的抗性.该文以德国小蠊钠离子通道抗性即击倒抗性(knockdown resistance,kdr)为主题,重点论述了德国小蠊kdr抗性的发现历史、分子与进化机制,扼要介绍了钠离子通道结构特征、kdr突变的功能研究方法以及近期所取得的代表性研究结果.此外,概述了该领域的最新研究方向及结果对德国小蠊防制、抗性监测与治理等的理论与指导意义.     

不同手卫生方式及干手措施对手卫生效果的影响

 

目的 调查不同手卫生方式和干手措施对手卫生效果的影响,提高手卫生质量。方法 选择河南省8所哨点医院不同科室的医务人员为调查对象。观察医护人员手卫生方式及干手措施,比较不同手卫生方式及干手措施的手卫生微生物检测合格率。结果 共调查医护人员699人次,执行手卫生者572人次,手卫生依从率为81.83%。洗手是最常用的手卫生措施,占39.34%。监测结果显示,采用速干手消毒剂进行卫生手消毒的合格率最高,为97.92%,不同手卫生方式的手卫生合格率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=20.203,P<0.001）。干手措施以自然风干为主（79.37%）,一次性纸巾、自动风干机和其他方式所占比率分别为14.69%、1.75%和4.20%。不同干手措施后的手卫生合格率比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.013）。洗手组和先洗手后卫生手消毒组别中,均为使用一次性纸巾干手后的合格率最高,分别为80.70%、96.30%。结论 涂抹速干手消毒剂进行卫生手消毒效果可靠,最佳干手措施应首选一次性干手纸巾。

     

T-2 toxin is hydroxylated by chicken CYP3A37

T-2 toxin (T-2) is an acute toxic trichothecene mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium species, detected in many crops including oats, wheat and barley, in animal feed and food. It is important to know the metabolic pathway and kinetics of T-2 in food animals given that T-2 can cause serious adverse effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the metabolic capacity of chicken CYP3A37 in the metabolism of T-2 using reconstituted bacteria produced enzymes. Our results showed that chicken CYP3A37 is able to convert T-2 to 3′-OH T-2 with an apparent K_m of 15.29 μM, and T-2 hydroxylation activity of CYP3A37 is strongly inhibited by ketoconazole (IC₅₀ = 0.11 μM). We also observed that chicken CYP3A37 can catalyze erythromycin N-demethylation, another CYP3A-specific activity. These findings imply that chicken CYP3A37 may have a broad substrate spectrum, similar to its human homologue CYP3A4.     

广州大学城2020年白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊抗药性调查

目的 了解广州大学城登革热媒介白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊对常用杀虫剂的抗药性现状,为制定针对性防控策略提供参考.方法 分别在广州大学城一期和二期校区采集白纹伊蚊幼虫,在实验室条件下繁殖一代,分别采用幼虫浸渍法和成蚊接触筒药膜滤纸接触法对4类4种幼虫药物和4类9种成蚊药物进行敏感性测定,并运用SPSS25.0进行统计学分析.结果...     

Genetic characterization and molecular survey of Babesia sp. Xinjiang infection in small ruminants and ixodid ticks in China

Babesia sp. Xinjiang is a large ovine Babesia species that was recently isolated in China. Compared with other ovine Babesia species, it has different morphological features, pathogenicity and vector tick species. The known transmitting vector is Hyalomma anatolicum. In this study, the distribution and the presence of Babesia sp. Xinjiang in small ruminants and ixodid ticks in China were assessed by specific nested-PCR assay based on the rap-1a gene. A total of 978 blood samples from sheep or goats from 15 provinces and 797 tick specimens from vegetation from 10 provinces were collected and analysed for the presence of the Babesia sp. Xinjiang. Full-length and partial rap-1a of Babesia sp. Xinjiang were amplified from field samples. The PCR results were further confirmed by DNA sequencing. Overall, 38 (3.89%) blood samples and 51 (6.4%) tick samples were positive for Babesia sp. Xinjiang infection. The highest presence (26.92%) was found in blood samples from Yunnan province, while H. qinghaiensis ticks with the highest presence of infection (21.3%) were from Gansu province. This study identified for the first time Babesia sp. Xinjiang infection in H. longicornis tick species. The rap-1a sequences of Babesia sp. Xinjiang from field blood and tick samples indicated 100% identity. The presence of Babesia sp. Xinjiang infection may increase in China. Novel potential transmitting vectors might be more extensive than previously thought.     

The embryo-placental CD15-positive “vasculogenic zones” as a source of propranolol-sensitive pediatric vascular tumors

ObjectivePropranolol-induced involution is a unique biological feature of some pediatric vascular tumors, for instance infantile hemangioma (IH), cerebral cavernoma or chorioangioma. Currently, the cellular origin of these distinct tumors is unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that propranolol-responsive vascular tumors are derived from common vessel-forming CD15 + progenitor cells which occur in early gestation. The aim of this study was to identify the tumor-relevant CD15 + progenitors at the early stages of embryo-placental development.Materials and methodsHuman embryo-placental units of 4–8 weeks gestation and pediatric vascular tumors were tested for expression of the tumor-relevant markers CD15, CD31 and CD34.ResultsPlacental vessel-forming progenitors were characterized by immunostaining for CD15, CD31, and CD34. In embryonic tissue, a discontinuous CD15+/CD31+/CD34 + progenitors was detected in immature vessels of the skin, neural tube, spinal and cerebral meninges. Similarly, vessels in IH and chorioangioma exhibited a co-expression of CD15, CD31, and CD34. In contrast, the majority of embryonic vessels presented a CD31+/CD34+, but CD15-negative immunophenotypic pattern.DiscussionOur results suggest the existence of a CD15+ “vasculogenic zones” in the embryo-placental unit as well as in IH and chorioangioma. A site-specific correlation between normal embryo-placental and tumoral vessel-forming CD15 + progenitors was demonstrated.ConclusionHence, site- and stage-specific CD15 + progenitors of vascular wall could be considered as propronalol-sensitive targets and source of pre- and postnatal vascular tumors. We propose, that the CD15+ “vasculogenic zones” are a site-specific reserve of multi-lineage progenitors that could be recruited in pre- and postnatal emergency situations.     

昆虫抗菌肽诱导进展

昆虫作为无脊椎动物的一种,体内形成了强大的免疫防御系统.当被各种病原诱导后脂肪体能迅速产生抗菌活性物质释放到血液循环中,以抵抗病原的侵袭,其中以抗菌肽作用最为突出.现将近年来昆虫抗菌肽诱导的方法,诱导动力学,机理等进行简述,以探讨昆虫体内的免疫机制,为新型药物研发提供理论基础.     

2019年云南省玉溪市输入性登革热病例实验室检测结果分析

目的 分析2019年云南省玉溪市输入性登革病例的流行病学特征及其病毒分子遗传背景,为当地登革热防控提供科学依据。 方法 采集输入性登革热病例血清标本,用实时荧光RT-PCR进行登革病毒血清型检测,对E基因进行测序及系统进化分析。 结果 2019年玉溪市共监测到23例输入性登革热病例,其中,来自云南省景洪市18例、柬埔寨3例、缅甸和越南各1例。主要分布在江川区(9例)和红塔区(8例)。成年病例为主,以农民(11例)和家务及待业者(5例)为主。共检测20份样本, 17份景洪市输入样本检出11例DENV-1、5例DENV-2、1例DENV-3阳性;2份柬埔寨输入样本检出1例DENV-1阳性;1份缅甸输入样本为DENV阴性。从景洪市输入的DENV阳性样本中得到6条DENV-1、3条DENV-2和1条DENV-3 E基因序列。6株DENV-1 E基因核苷酸相似性为99.4%~100%,与2019年景洪市DENV-1本地流行株和柬埔寨输入株核苷酸相似性为100%,属于基因I型;3株DENV-2 E基因核苷酸相似性为91.1%~99.9%,与2019年景洪市DENV-2本地流行株的核苷酸相似性为99.8%~100%,属于Asian I基因型和Cosmopolitan基因型;1株DENV-3 E基因序列与2019年景洪市DENV-3本地流行株的核苷酸相似性为99.3%,属于基因III型。 结论 2019年云南省玉溪市存在境内外两个来源的登革热输入病例,病例中存在3种血清型登革病毒感染,输入性病例的登革病毒与东南亚地区流行株进化关系最近。今后应进一步加强登革热输入病例的检测与监测。