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骨质疏松是一种进行性的骨骼系统疾病,最终将导致骨骼脆性增加,骨折发生。骨质疏松性骨折发生受到骨密度、骨强度、脆性骨折史、骨折家族史、年龄及衰老、皮质激素应用、低体重、跌倒、饮食异常和某些疾病等多种危险因素的影响。骨质疏松性骨折愈合则受到生物学,机械和药物等因素的影响。     

CT-based radiomics nomogram for preoperative prediction of No.10 lymph nodes metastasis in advanced proximal gastric cancer

IntroductionPreoperative diagnosis of No.10 lymph nodes (LNs) metastases in advanced proximal gastric cancer (APGC) patients remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a CT-based radiomics nomogram for identification of No.10 LNs status in APGCs.Materials and methodsA total of 515 patients with primary APGCs were retrospectively selected and divided into a training cohort (n = 340) and a validation cohort (n = 175). Total incidence of No.10 LNM was 12.4% (64/515). CT based radiomics nomogram combining with radiomic signature calculated from venous CT imaging features and CT-defined No.10 LNs status evaluated by radiologists was built and tested to predict the No.10 LNs status in APGCs.ResultsCT based radiomics nomogram yielded classification accuracy with areas under ROC curves, AUC = 0.896 and 0.814 in training and validation cohort, respectively, while radiomic signature and radiologist’ diagnosis based on contrast-enhanced CT images yielded lower AUCs ranging in 0.742–0.866 and 0.619–0.685, respectively. In the specificity higher than 80%, the sensitivity of using radiomics nomogram, radiomic signature and radiologists’ evaluation to detect No.10 LNs positive cases was 82.8% (53/64), 67.2% (43/64) and 39.1% (25/64), respectively.ConclusionsThe CT-based radiomics nomogram provides a promising and more effective method to yield high accuracy in identification of No.10 LNs metastases in APGC patients.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter baumannii</Emphasis> bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancy: a multicentre retrospective study from the Infection Working Party of Jiangsu Society of Hematology

Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) bacteraemia in patients with haematological malignancies is fatal but rarely reported. We explored the clinical characteristics, drug resistances and prognostic factors in these patients. This multicentre, retrospective study was conducted at the department of haematology wards of 18 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2014 to June 2015. The total clinical isolates from every source were collected from patients with haematological malignancy. Haematological malignancy patients diagnosed with Ab bacteraemia were analysed. During the study period, 40 patients with Ab bacteraemia were identified, accounting for 2.9% (40/1358) of bacteraemia cases, of which 25 (62.5%) had acute leukaemia (AL) and 27 (67.5%) had neutropaenia. Compared with non-neutropaenic patients, neutropaenic patients showed higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scores and 30-day mortality rates (p?<?0.05). The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Ab to colistin was highest, at 100%, followed by that of tigecycline (91.30%) and amikacin (75.86%). Compared with the patients who had carbapenem-susceptible Ab infections, patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Ab (CRAB) had significantly longer hospital stays and were more likely to have had exposure to carbapenem before bacteraemia (p?<?0.05). The 30-day mortality rate was 32.5%. CRAB, neutropaenia, higher APACHE score, Pitt bacteraemia score and inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Multivariable analysis showed that APACHE score and CRAB were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Haematologic patients with AL and febrile neutropaenia were at high risk of Ab bacteraemia. More attention should be paid to CRAB, which is an independent risk factor for mortality in haematological malignancy patients with Ab bacteraemia.     

Association Between the MUC5B Promoter Polymorphism rs35705950 and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis in Caucasian and Asian Populations

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with a poor prognosis. A number of studies reported the association between MUC5B promoter polymorphism rs35705950 and IPF, but substantial inconsistent findings were observed and the strength of association remains unclear.The aim of the study was to investigate the association between rs35705950 and IPF in different ethnic populations.PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL were searched from their inception to April 15, 2015. Allelic and phenotypic comparisons were conducted separately, as were comparisons in Caucasian and Asian populations. A meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis was conducted.Nine studies presented in 7 full-text articles were included, encompassing 2733 IPF patients and 5044 controls. Six studies were carried out in the Caucasian population, and 3 in the Asian population. Minor T allele was associated with an increased risk of IPF compared with G allele (odds ratio [OR] 4.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79–6.21, P = 5.88 × 10⁻³⁶), as were TG and TT genotypes compared with GG genotype (TG vs GG: OR 6.20, 95% CI 5.14–7.48, P = 1.70 × 10⁻⁸¹; TT vs GG: OR 11.29, 95% CI 5.69–22.40, P = 4.22 × 10⁻¹²), in an allele dose-dependent manner. These observations were confirmed in trial sequential analysis in both populations. The strength of association was more remarkable in the Caucasian population than in the Asian population, and no homozygous TT genotype was detected in the Asian population in our study.Our study revealed strong association between the MUC5B promoter rs35705950 polymorphism and the risk of IPF. The strength of association between rs35705950 minor T allele and IPF susceptibility was particularly evident in the Caucasian population, and milder but still significant in the Asian population.     

The Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of Gross Classification on Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatectomy

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is extremely high in China. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of gross classification on solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy.A total of 144 patients with solitary HCC who underwent hepatectomy were identified retrospectively. Based on the gross appearance, the tumors were divided into single nodular (SN), single nodular with extranodular growth (SNEG), confluent multinodular (CMN), and infiltrative types. Clinicopathologic variables and survival information were compared among patients with those 4 types.The 144 tumors composed of 25 SN, 34 SNEG, 33 CMN, and 52 infiltrative types. The serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and HBV infection rate of infiltrative type were significantly higher than other 3 types. The disease-free and overall survival times of infiltrative type were significantly shorter than other 3 types. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that gross classification, microvascular invasion, and T stage were independent risk factors.In Chinese patients with solitary HCC, the infiltrative type accounted for a much higher proportion compared with other regions of the world. Infiltrative HCC had higher serum AFP level, HBV infection, and microvascular invasion rates with poorer prognosis compared with other 3 types.     

终板法与椎弓根法对青少年特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸Cobb角测量的比较

目的:对青少年特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸Cobb角测量的终板法和椎弓根法进行对比研究,比较两种方法的可信度、可重复性及两种方法测量结果的差异。方法:选取我院2010年7月～2011年3月门诊就诊的55例特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸患者,由一名高年资医师预先确定测量主弯的上、下端椎后,3名脊柱外科医师分别使用终板法和椎弓根法对站立位X线片进行手工测量评估,记录冠状面侧凸Cobb角数值,同时根据Nash-Moe法评估测量主弯上、下端椎的旋转度。1周后,打乱患者顺序,再由该3名医师重复测量。对测量结果进行可信度和可重复性分析,检验一致性并对两种方法的测量结果根据端椎旋转度和Cobb角大小分组进行分析比较。结果:终板法和椎弓根法测量主胸弯Cobb角的可信度和可重复性均为好～极佳的水平。终板法测量的总体可信度和可重复性分别为0.969和0.900,椎弓根法测量的总体可信度和可重复性分别为0.972和0.880。根据下端椎旋转度将AIS患者分组后的结果显示:下端椎无旋转组(Nash-Moe 0度)中椎弓根法与终板法测量结果无明显差异(P>0.05),而下端椎旋转明显组(Nash-MoeⅠ度和Ⅱ度)中椎弓根法测量结果较终板法小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据Cobb角是否大于25°进行分组后的统计分析表明,在两组中椎弓根法测量结果均显著小于终板法(P<0.05)。结论:对于青少年特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸而言,终板法和椎弓根法测量Cobb角的可信度和可重复性均较好,但对于下端椎旋转明显(Nash-MoeⅠ度以上)的患者,椎弓根法较终板法测量结果小,建议对此类患者采用终板法测量Cobb角。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸严重程度和弯型与SRS-22问卷评分的相关性分析

目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)不同弯型及不同Cobb角与SRS-22问卷各维度评分的相关性。方法:对2010年6月~2011年7月在我科就诊且填写SRS-22简体中文版问卷的272例未经任何治疗的女性AIS患者进行回顾性分析。根据冠状面Cobb角将所有患者分为小Cobb角(20°~39°)和大Cobb角(40°~75°)两组,并根据弯型特征将每组患者分为单胸弯、单胸腰弯/腰弯、双胸弯、胸腰双弯四个亚组。对同一Cobb角组内不同弯型亚组间和不同Cobb角组间同一弯型患者的SRS-22问卷各维度评分差异均采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。结果:小Cobb角组单胸弯和单胸腰弯/腰弯患者的功能活动、自我形象、精神健康评分明显高于大Cobb角组的患者(P<0.05),双胸弯患者的功能活动评分和总分均显著优于大Cobb角组的患者(P<0.05)。在小Cobb角组中,单胸弯患者的功能活动评分显著高于单胸腰弯/腰弯和胸腰双弯患者(P<0.05);自我形象评分双胸弯患者明显低于单胸弯患者和单胸腰弯/腰弯患者(P<0.05)。在大Cobb角组中,胸腰双弯患者的疼痛评分明显低于单胸弯患者(P<0.05);自我形象评分双胸弯患者明显低于其他三种弯型患者(P<0.05)。结论:在轻中度女性AIS中,Cobb角大小及弯型特征对患者的SRS-22问卷评分会造成一定程度的影响,其中双胸弯对患者的自我形象评分的影响尤为明显。     

顶椎置钉与否对Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫形效果的影响

目的:探讨顶椎置钉与否对Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者矫形效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析从2009年6月～2010年1月采用全椎弓根螺钉后路矫形内固定融合术治疗的69例Lenke 1型AIS患者,年龄12～20岁,平均15.0岁,主弯Cobb角50°～70°,平均53.7°。根据顶椎置钉与否分为:顶椎凸凹侧均未置入螺钉组(A组,35例)和至少一侧置入螺钉固定组(B组,34例)。记录两组患者术前年龄、性别、主弯Cobb角、柔韧度、顶椎旋转度和固定节段数、置入物密度、术后Cobb角、主弯Cobb角矫正率、顶椎去旋转率等指标并进行两组间的比较分析。B组病例在CT图像上统计顶椎不良置钉率。结果:两组患者年龄、性别比、术前主弯Cobb角、柔韧度和顶椎旋转度等资料均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。所有病例矫形术后均未发生冠状面与矢状面的失代偿。随访24～30个月,平均27.7个月,两组患者无内固定松动及断钉断棒,植骨融合牢固,均未出现明显的矫正丢失。A、B两组置入物密度分别为63.4%、65.3%,平均固定节段数分别为11.3和11.6,主弯Cobb角矫正率分别为73.9%和72.6%。两组在置入物密度、内固定节段数和主弯Cobb角矫正率方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后顶椎去旋转率A组为18.4%,显著低于B组的34.8%(P<0.05)。B组顶椎置入的41枚螺钉中,有5枚为不良置钉(12.2%)。结论:对于Cobb角在50°～70°非严重的Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸,顶椎置钉尽管并不能显著提高侧凸矫正率,但可以明显矫正顶椎旋转,因此,在注意置钉安全性的前提下,应尽量在顶椎置入椎弓根螺钉。