Metastatic mediastinal mature teratoma with malignant transformation in a young man with an adenocarcinoma in a Klinefelter's syndrome: Case report and review of the literature

Malignant transformation of mediastinal mature teratoma is extremely rare and worsens the prognosis of the disease. Transformation can appear synchronously to or several years after the initial diagnosis. Clinical and radiological signs can orientate the clinician but the definitive diagnosis is obtained thanks to histology. An 11 year-old boy presented with a mediastinal mature teratoma and bone and pulmonary metastases. He received six cycles of chemotherapy combining etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, followed by resection of a 16 × 14 × 9 cm mediastinal mass. Karyotype analysis revealed the presence of an additional sex chromosome X (47 XXY) pathognomonic of Klinefelter's syndrome. Ten years later, sciatalgia revealed malignant transformation of a pre-existing sacral bone metastasis into gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The patient received four cycles of chemotherapy combining oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and cetuximab. This treatment was followed by a complete resection of the sacral metastasis and completed with adjuvant irradiation of 54 Gy in 30 daily fractions. Twelve months after the diagnosis of relapse, the patient remained alive without disease. To our knowledge, this is the first case of adenocarcinoma developed in bone metastases of a mediastinal mature teratoma in a boy with a Klinefelter's syndrome. We propose a review of the literature and an analysis of 20 others published cases of mediastinal teratoma with malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma.     

曲安奈德术中局部应用在降低LIDH术后早期神经根水肿反应性疼痛的对照研究

目的：通过对腰椎间盘突出症的病人术中神经根局部应用曲安奈德,对照未行该治疗组,比较评估术中应用曲安奈德对减轻术后早期神经根水肿反应性疼痛的疗效。方法：对2010年9月～2015年9月在我院腰椎间盘突出症患者185例,术中神经节给药组96 例和对照组89例。在行腰椎间盘髓核摘除术结束后缝合伤口前,实验组在神经根周围放入含有曲安奈德的明胶海绵。对照组:神经根周围放入不含任何药物的明胶海绵。对比两组发生神经根水肿反应的发生率,以及两组发生神经根水肿反应的患者术前、术后即刻、6h、12 h,1～12d腰臀部及手术侧下肢疼痛情况行 VAS 视觉评分,通过统计分析评估术中神经根局部应用曲安奈德对减少术后早期神经根水肿反应的作用。结果：两组术后神经根功能在术后即刻均获得良好的恢复,两组神经痛在水肿期均有不同程度的“反跳”,实验组“反跳”率(36.5%)明显低于对照组(57.3%),P<0.05,实验组的改善率的差别有统计学意义,且发生神经根水肿反应的两组中,实验组水肿期VAS评分明显低于对照组,具有显著性差异 (P＜0.05),而水肿前期及水肿后期,两组均可达到良好水平,且两组的VAS评分统计学无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论：腰椎间盘髓核摘除术中神经根周围放入含有曲安奈德的明胶海绵,操作简单、安全,能有效的减少腰椎间盘突出症术后早期神经根水肿反应性疼痛的发生率及减轻反应性疼痛的程度。     

小鼠骨肉瘤模型构建的关键

目的探讨骨肉瘤动物模型荷瘤成功率的关键因素。方法 24只4~8周龄C3h小鼠,其中C3h/He J型6只、C3h/He N型18只,随机分为2组。A组采用一般脱毛膏脱毛后外侧腋下注射浓度为5×10~7个数量级/m L的LM8细胞悬液0.2 m L;B组采用动物剃毛器剃毛后外侧腋下皮下注射浓度为5×10~7个数量级/m L的LM8细胞悬液0.2 m L后每日给于注射处局部按摩,并分别记录肿瘤生长情况。结果 A组成瘤率33%(4/12);B组成瘤率100%。结论不同的注射技巧对LM8的荷瘤过程及后期护理对成瘤率具有重要的意义。     

胸腰段爆裂骨折中后突骨折块复位与影像学参数的关系

目的初步分析在胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折中与后突骨折块复位的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2013年12月因创伤导致的单个胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折患者的资料。在后路内固定撑开复位手术前使用CT进行扫描,测量椎体前、中、后的高度,正中椎管矢状径、横径,局部Cobb畸形角度,后突骨折块翻转角度、水平旋转角度,并计算椎管正中矢状径压缩比率,椎体前、中、后压缩比率。使用AO分类方法对骨折分型,ASIA分级对神经功能进行评估。Logistic回归分析上述因素与骨折块复位情况的相关性。结果总计有60名胸腰段爆裂骨折患者符合入组标准,术后CT显示后突骨折块均复位。术前椎体前缘压缩比率(26.9%±15.8)%,中间压缩比率(27.1%±12.3)%,后缘压缩比率(14.3%±11.8)%,正中椎管矢状径压缩比率(46.2%±22.4)%,后突骨折块翻转角度(38.3±10.8)°,水平旋转角度(6.3±17.5)°,局部Cobb角(11.7±4.2)°,正中椎管矢状径(8.9±3.9)mm,横径(24.1±8.8)mm。Logistic回归分析表明伤椎椎体前壁压缩比率(=0.027,OR=4.864)和椎管正中矢状径压缩比率(=0.025,OR=4.991)与后突骨折块复位明显相关。结论在胸腰段爆裂骨折中,椎体前壁压缩比率和伤椎椎管正中矢状径的压缩比率对术前判断骨折块能否复位有着明显的可预见性。     

Advances in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: From back to the future,to the future and beyond

There have been many advances in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over the past decades. Following more than eleven centuries of therapeutic uncertainty, the discovery of the therapeutic properties of glucocorticoids is without any doubt one of the most significant advance in the field of autoimmune diseases. The many progresses made by rapidly growing chemical industry of the 19th century chemistry have allowed the identification of valuable therapeutic compounds such as anti-malarials, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporine and later mycophenolate mofetil, which have all profoundly changed the face of the disease. A very visible consequence of this is the profound improvement in the prognosis of the disease, with 10-year survival rates of more than 90% in most dedicated centres. Following the development of biotherapies in rheumatoid arthritis, the late 20th century has slowly opened a new era for the treatment of SLE, that of targeted therapies. With the approval of belimumab in 2011 and 74 targeted therapies in clinical development, we may expect great changes in the therapeutic management of SLE. Those molecules target inflammatory cytokines or chemokines and their receptors, B cells or plasma cells, intracellular signalling pathways, B/T cells co-stimulation molecules, interferons, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, as well as various other targets of interest. Current challenges are now slowly shifting from whether some new drugs will be available to how to select the most adequate drug (or drug combination) at the patient-level.     

The Role of Computed Tomography in the Presurgical Diagnosis of Foraminal Entrapment of Lumbosacral Junction

Objective

On the basis of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, we studied the change of the size of anterior primary division (APD) of the L5 spinal root in the presence of foraminal/extraforaminal entrapment of the L5 spinal root.

Methods

Two independent radiologists retrospectively reviewed the preoperative CT scans of 27 patients treated surgically and compared the sizes of the APDs on bilateral L5 spinal roots. If one side APD size was larger than the other side APD size, it was described as left or right "dominancy" and regarded this as "consensus (C)" in case that there was a consensus between the larger APD and the location of sciatica, and regarded as "non-consensus (NC)" in case that there was not a consensus. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used for preoperative and postoperative evaluation.

Results

On CT scans, twenty-one (77%) of 27 patients were the consensus group (APD swelling) and 6 (22%) were a non-consensus group (APD no swelling). In 9 patients with acute foraminal disc herniations, asymmetric enlargement of the APD on L5 spinal root was detected in all cases (100%) and detected in 11 (64%) of 17 patients with stenosis. Preoperative ODI score was 75-93 (mean 83) and postoperative ODI scores were improved to 13-36 (mean 21). The mean follow-up period was 6 months (range, 3-11 months).

Conclusion

An asymmetric enlargement of the APD on L5 spinal root on CT scans is meaningfully associated with a foraminal or extraforaminal entrapment of the L5 spinal root on the lumbosacral junction.     

An unusual occurrence of chondromyxoid fibroma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst in the cervical spine

Background contextChondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) and aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare bone tumors and even rarer in the spine. To date, no report has been made of CMF with secondary ABC in the cervical spine.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a case of CMF with secondary ABC of C6, a rare occurrence in an uncommon location.Study designThe study design is a case report.MethodsA 27-year-old woman presented with numbness with paresthesias of the right upper extremity. Diagnostic imaging revealed diffuse enlargement of the right C6 lamina extending into the pedicle and medial facet joint. Surgical treatment consisted of complete C6 laminectomy, total resection of the extradural cervical mass, posterior lateral fusion at C5–C7, and posterior segmental instrumentation from C5 to C7. Histopathology was consistent with CMF with secondary ABC.ResultsLaminectomy and instrumented segmental fusion provided an excellent clinical outcome. The instrumented fusion maintained the sagittal balance of the spine and stabilized across a complete facetectomy. The excision will likely avoid recurrence of the lesion.ConclusionsTreatment of CMF and ABC is challenging in the spine because of the proximity to neural structures. Aggressive surgical treatment makes recurrence less likely but creates the risk of spinal instability. Adequate surgical treatment needs to provide spinal stability.     

后路短节段固定联合前路病灶清除治疗腰椎结核

目的探讨后路短节段椎弓根钉系统内固定联合一期前路病灶清除植骨融合术治疗腰椎结核的临床效果。方法2005年6月-2008年9月我科共收治腰椎结核患者42例,随机分为两组。其中A组23例,采用后路短节段椎弓根钉棒系统内固定联合一期前路病灶清除植骨融合术进行治疗;B组19例采用前路钉棒系统固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术进行治疗。分别观察两组手术时间、出血量、手术并发症、脊髓神经恢复情况,植骨融合率以及临床满意率等临床指标。结果A组平均手术时间257min,出血量726ml。B组平均手术时间211min,出血量537mL。两组在手术时间及出血量等指标上具有统计学差异(P0.05)。术中无脊髓、神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。术后随访时间6～42个月,平均18个月。两组术前脊髓神经功能受损患者术后皆有不同程度恢复。植骨融合率A组为91.3%,B组为89.5%,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。临床满意率A组为95.7%,B组为68.4%,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论后路短节段椎弓根钉系统内固定联合1期前路病灶清除植骨融合治疗腰椎结核效果良好。     

A combined approach for the treatment of lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures

IntroductionThe treatment of tibial plateau fractures involving the lateral and posterolateral column is a demanding and fine surgical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of combined approach for the treatment of lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.MethodsA prospective study was performed in 17 patients with lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures between January 2009 and December 2012. There were 12 males and 5 females with a mean age of 40 years. All of them received dual-plate fixation through the combined approach, with the patients in a floating position. The combined approaches included a conventional anterolateral approach and an inverted L-shaped posterolateral approach. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, knee flexion and extension range of motion, and complications were recorded to evaluate treatment effects.ResultsThere were no intraoperative complications related to this technology. Mean operation time was 144 min with a mean intraoperative blood loss volume of 233 mL. The mean follow-up was 23 months. All 17 patients had good postoperative fracture healing. Mean union time was 12 weeks. At the final follow-up, the average HSS score was 92.5, with the average knee flexion of 125° and an average knee extension of 2°. Two patients had complications in postoperative incisions with aseptic fat liquefaction. After thorough debridement, second-stage wounds healing were achieved. No neurovascular injury occurred. No collapse of reduced articular surface was detected.ConclusionsThe combined approach with dual-plate offers direct and complete surgical exposure and provide an effective method for the treatment of lateral and posterolateral tibial plateau fractures.