The role of the disc in the healing of displaced subcondylar fracture in the growing period: an experimental study in rats

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the disc in the healing of condylar fractures in the growing period. 40 growing and adult male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 equal groups: growing rats suffering condylar fracture with disc damage; growing rats suffering condylar fracture without disc damage; adult rats suffering condylar fracture with disc damage; adult rats suffering condylar fracture without disc damage. 3 months after the operation all animals were killed and the outcomes were compared using mandible deviation measure, body weight evaluation and histological observation. In growing rats, when the disc was undamaged maintaining its relation to the condyle head, even though the condylar fractured fragment was displaced, the condyle healed and recovered almost to normality in 3 months. In the same condyle fracture form, once the disc was damaged and lost the normal relation with the condyle head, the outcome was unfavourable. The occurrence of damage to the disc and its attachment to the condyle head are important factors in the healing of condyle fractures in the growing period.     

Incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in community-based cohort in China

ObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is associated with the high premature mortality observed among people with epilepsy. It is, however, considered a rare event in China, probably because of lack of awareness and limitation of studies in the country. We aimed to provide some initial estimation of the burden of SUDEP in China.MethodsWe established a large Chinese community-based cohort of people with epilepsy between January 2010 and December 2011. For any participant who died during follow-up, detailed information on cause of death was obtained using a specifically designed Verbal Autopsy Questionnaire. All cases were reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel and reinvestigated if necessary. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy incidence rates were estimated and case details provided.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 1562 people and during a median 5 years follow-up, 72 deaths were reported. The all-causes death incidence was 11.23 (95% CI 8.86–14.07) per 1000 person-years. Fifteen died suddenly and unexpectedly in a reasonable state of health in the week preceding death. We recorded detailed information of these 15 deaths. Thirteen were considered to be probable SUDEP and two possible SUDEP. The incidence of probable SUDEP was 2.03 (95% CI 1.13–3.38) per 1000 person-years, and the incidence of all suspected (probable and possible) SUDEP was 2.34 (95% CI 1.36–3.77) per 1000 person-years.SignificanceThe incidence of SUDEP was relatively high among Chinese people with epilepsy when compared with that in previous community-based studies from high-income countries. The burden of SUDEP in China requires further assessments.     

CT和MRI诊断儿童先天性耳聋的对比

目的 对比先天性耳聋患儿的宝石CT和MRI特点。方法 回顾性分析60例临床诊断的先天性耳聋患儿的宝石CT及MRI资料,将原始数据传至配套工作站,采用MIP、MRP、VR进行重建,分析两种检查的一致性。结果 CT显示耳部骨性结构具有优势,MRI显示耳部神经具有优势。2种检查对于显示乳突炎并大前庭导水管综合征、大前庭导水管综合征及耳蜗半规管畸形的一致性较好（Kappa>0.75）,显示半规管狭窄的一致性尚可（Kappa=0.485）。结论 CT、MR检查诊断儿童先天性耳聋各有优势,可优势互补,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

The meta-analysis of the effect of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT diagnosis of prostatic cancer compared with bone scan

Background:⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) is a promising method for prostate cancer (PC) detection. However, the ability of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT to detect malignant bone lesions, and whether this method is superior to the existing bone imaging methods are still lack of systematic analysis.Purpose:To evaluate the value of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in clinical diagnosis of prostatic cancer from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.Methods:PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Springer Link, Sinomed, CNKI, Wanfang database, and CQVIP database were searched to find the satisfactory studies that needed systematic review of trials and compared the value of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan. All studies published from inception to March 31, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2 reviewers independently evaluated and extracted the literature. Review Manager 5.3 was applied to evaluate the included literature quality. The heterogeneity of the included literature was tested by Meta Disc 1.4, and the effect model was selected according to the heterogeneity test results, and the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), PLR, NLR and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were analyzed. After testing the heterogeneity results of literature by using the 95% confidence interval and the forest map.Results:A total of 4 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, which included 318 patients, 120 cases with bone metastasis and 198 cases without bone metastasis. The results of summary evaluation for ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan in diagnosis of prostatic cancer as follow respectively: The SEN were 0.97 and 0.86; the SPE were 1.00 and 0.87; the DOR were 1468.33 and 36.23; PLR were 88.45 and 6.67; NLR were 0.05 and 0.19; and the area under curve (AUC) and 95% CI were 0.9973 (1.0000–0.9927) and 0.8838 (0.9584–0.8092).Conclusion:By comparing the diagnostic results of ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT and bone scan imaging diagnosis methods, the ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has a higher SEN and SPE than bone scan, and it has a higher diagnostic efficiency for prostate cancer bone metastasis, which is worthy of clinical application.     

Healthy but unhappy? Cross-national comparative analysis of depressive symptoms in Japanese vs. Korean elders

BackgroundJapan and South Korea, two neighbouring countries in East Asia, enjoy the highest life expectancies in the world, yet suffer paradoxically from high suicide rates.AimWe sought to conduct a cross-national comparative analysis of depressive symptoms among older adults in Japan vs. Korea, focusing particularly on poverty and physical health status.MethodsWe used nationally representative samples aged 65 and over from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan and the Korean Community Health Survey in South Korea. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to examine if equivalized household income, poor self-rated health, disability and comorbidity (number of diseases) were associated with depressive symptoms, adjusting for age, education, marital status, alcohol use, smoking and living alone.ResultsOlder Japanese adults with poor self-rated health and disability were more likely to report depressive symptoms, but income level was not significantly associated with mental distress. By contrast, among older Korean people, depressive symptoms were strongly patterned by household income level, as well as poor self-rated health, disability, and comorbidity.ConclusionPoor physical health status was correlated with depressive symptoms among both Japanese and Korean seniors. However, income level was associated with depressive symptoms among only Korean elders, but not Japanese. Thus, the current generation of older Japanese adults appears to enjoy (relative) financial security, longevity, and mental wellbeing. By contrast, older Koreans experience high levels of mental distress, especially if they are financially insecure.     

乳腺癌组织中CacyBP/SIP的表达情况及临床病理意义

目的:探讨钙周期素结合蛋白(Cacy BP/SIP)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及临床病理意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学染色检测Cacy BP/SIP在86例乳腺癌组织、20例癌旁相对正常乳腺组织及16例乳腺腺病组织中的表达情况并分析临床病理意义。结果:免疫组织化学结果显示,在86例乳腺癌组织、20例癌旁组织、16例乳腺腺病组织中Cacy BP/SIP蛋白的阳性表达率分别为75.6%(65/86)、30.0%(6/20)和43.8%(7/16),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cacy BP/SIP蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达与组织学分级、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有统计学意义(P<0.05);Cacy BP/SIP蛋白表达与ER(r=0.275)、HER2(r=0.256)有相关性(P<0.05)。结论:Cacy BP/SIP在乳腺癌组织中高表达,且与ER、HER2的表达呈正相关,可能作为癌基因参与乳腺癌的恶性表型。     

宁夏回族自治区回、汉族居民烟草、酒精使用调查

目的 了解宁夏回族自治区(宁夏)回、汉族居民烟草、酒精使用情况及其分布特征,为民族地区改善戒烟、限酒措施提供参考。方法 采用多阶段系统抽样法,抽取宁夏地区≥18岁居民6 476人进行入户调查。烟草和酒精使用障碍根据国际疾病分类-10(ICD-10)标准采用复合型国际诊断交谈表3.0(CIDI 3.0)中文版评估。结果 共有5 811名受访者完成全部调查,目前吸烟率为19.15%,其中男性吸烟率高于女性(44.73% vs. 1.51%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=1 693.25,P< 0.001);男性中回族吸烟率低于汉族(33.19% vs. 51.95%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=79.99,P< 0.001)。男性烟草依赖患病率为1.75%,回、汉族男性烟草依赖患病率差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.02,P=0.958)。目前饮酒率为5.78%,其中男性饮酒率高于女性(12.48% vs. 1.16%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=329.94,P< 0.001);男性中回族饮酒率低于汉族(4.71% vs. 17.34%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=82.03,P< 0.001);男性酒精使用障碍患病率为6.03%,男性回族酒精使用障碍患病率低于汉族(3.50% vs. 7.61%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.68,P< 0.001)。结论 宁夏地区回族成年人烟草和酒精使用率低于同地区汉族,当地的回族文化对减少人群烟草、酒精使用可能具有积极的影响。     

中国儿童青少年代谢综合征患病率Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析了解我国儿童青少年MS的流行现状, 为早期防治提供科学依据。 方法 检索2004-2014年在中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据资源系统(Wanfangdata)、维普数据库(VIP)及PubMed中收录的有关中国地区儿童青少年MS患病率研究的文献。根据加强观察性流行病学研究报告规范(STROBE)声明中横断面研究评价标准进行文献质量评价, 采用Stata 12.0软件进行数据合并估算患病率, 并对性别、体重状态等因素进行亚组分析, 采用漏斗图及Egger检验发表偏倚, 通过排除其中任意一篇文献对合并效应值的影响进行敏感性分析。 结果 共纳入19篇文献(5篇英文、14篇中文)。依据国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)标准、美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗专家组Ⅲ修订(NCEPⅢ)标准、中国儿童青少年代谢综合征定义和防治建议(CHN2012)标准, 我国儿童青少年MS患病率分别为1.8%、2.6%及2.0%。按IDF标准, 男、女童MS患病率分别为2.9%、1.8%, 正常、超重、肥胖儿童中MS患病率分别为0.2%、4.7%、17.3%。NCEPⅢ标准、CHN2012标准结果均呈现男生MS患病率高于女生、肥胖组MS患病率> 超重组> 正常组。 结论 儿童青少年MS呈流行趋势, 应用不同诊断标准对MS检出率影响较大。肥胖是MS的重要危险因素, 因此应遏制肥胖, 对儿童超重、肥胖尽早识别干预, 以减少儿童MS的发生。