兔慢性肾衰竭加速性动脉粥样硬化病理形态学变化

目的：通过结扎兔肾动脉分支建立慢性肾衰竭模型,观察主动脉病理变化。方法：新西兰白兔60只,随机分为慢性肾衰竭组（CRF组）和假手术组（Sham组）。CRF组结扎左肾动脉分支同时切除右肾,术后动态观察兔主动脉、残余肾的病理形态学变化和肾功能等指标。结果：CRF组兔术后血清BUN、Scr逐渐升高,肾脏病理逐渐出现明显的肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化;主动脉逐渐出现内皮细胞脱落、脂纹、粥样斑块等动脉粥样硬化的表现。结论：通过结扎兔左肾外动脉分支和切除右肾一次完成的方法可成功建立CRF加速性动脉粥样硬化模型。     

Foreign metallic pellet in the heart

Foreign bodies in the heart are a rare but serious form of cardiac injury. The objects usually are sharp pointed. Such as acupuncture needles,sewing needles, coat hangers, fragments of Kirschner wires, pins, etc. 1 We report a patient with a metallic pellet lodged in the heart, which was accurately diagnosed and successfully removed.     

Anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin pretreatment on cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and the possible mechanism

Objective： To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin （EPO） pretreatment on cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxialreoxygenation injury （H/R） and explore the possible mechanism.
Methods： The cultured neonatal rats＇ ventricular cardiomyocytes were divided randomly into 4 groups, control group （C group）, EPO pretreatment group （E group）, EPO and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） pretreatment group （EP group） and PDTC pretreatment group （P group）. After 24 hours＇ pretreatment, the cardiomyocytes were exposed to H/R. After pretreatment and H/R, the expression of tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α ） gene in all the groups was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The nuclear factor- κ B （NF- κB） activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） and the inhibitor- κB α （Ⅰ- κB α） protein level was detected by Western blot.
Results： The decrement of Ⅰ- κB a protein and the increasing NF- KB activity were found in cardiomyocytes pretreated with EPO before H/R compared to other groups （t=3.321, 4.183, P〈0.01）. However, after H/R, NF- κB activity and expression of TNF- α gene were significantly reduced, Ⅰ- κB a protein expression was increased in cardiomyocytes of E group compared to other groups （t=-3.425, 3.687, 3.454, P〈0.01）. All theses changes caused by EPO pretreatment were eliminated by the intervention of PDTC （an antagonist to NF- κB） during pretreatment.
Conclusions： EPO pretreatment can inhibit the activation of NF- κB and upregulation of TNF- α gene in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R through a negative feedback of NF- κB signaling pathway, and thus produces the anti-inflammatory effect. This might be one of the ways EPO produces the anti-inflammatory effect.     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松胸椎椎体重度压缩性骨折

目的 探讨单侧球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)在高龄骨质疏松性胸椎重度压缩性骨折(severe vertebral compression fracture,SVCF)的应用及临床疗效.方法 2006年5月-2007年7月,采用单侧球囊扩张PKP治疗高龄骨质疏松性椎体SVCF 6例(7个椎体),其中男2例(2个椎体),女4例(5个椎体);年龄64～83岁.均为陈旧性骨折.压缩骨折椎体T5 1例,T8 2例,T10 3例,T12 1例,椎体压缩比为60%～75%者5个椎体,＞75%者2个椎体.胸背部疼痛明显,视觉疼痛模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分为6.5～9.0分,平均7.7分.均无神经症状及体征.术前CT示椎体后壁均完整.在C臂X线机透视下,采用经皮椎体后外侧入路穿刺,在伤椎内植入1枚球囊,扩张使椎体部分复位后,将骨水泥填充椎体扩张所形成的空腔内.灌注骨水泥2.6～4.4mL,平均3.5 mL.结果 患者手术顺利,术后疼痛明显减轻或消失.术后3 d X线片复查未见椎体进一步压缩、变形,骨水泥分布均匀,椎体高度恢复9.7%4-1.4%.2例发生骨水泥渗漏,但均无神经受损等不适症状发生.术后1个月VAS评分0～2.45分,平均1.32分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后3个月所有患者于门诊复查,患者对手术效果均满意VAS评分0～3分,平均2.13分,与术后1个月比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);X线片检查未见病变椎体压缩、变形,相邻椎体也未见有新的明显压缩骨折.结论 PKP治疗高龄骨质疏松性脊柱SCVF可有效缓解疼痛,部分恢复椎体高度,疗效满意.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor expression during the process of fracture healing

Objective： To study the expression regularity of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） during the process of fracture healing, and the type of VEGF receptor expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of the fracture site.
Methods： The fracture model was made in the middle part of left radius in 35 rabbits. The specimens from the fracture site were harvested at 8, 24, 72 hours and 1, 3, 5, 8 weeks, and then fixed, decalcified, and sectioned frozenly to detect the expression of VEGF and its receptor at the fracture site by in situ hybridization and immunochemical assays.
Results： VEGF mRNA and VEGF expression was detected in many kinds of cells at the fracture site during 8 hours to 8 weeks after fracture. Fltl receptor of VEGF was found in the vascular endothelial cells at the fracture site during 8 hours to 8 weeks after fracture, and strong expression of flkl receptor was detected from 3 days to 3 weeks after fracture.
Conclusions： The expression of VEGF and fltl receptor appears during the whole course of fracture healing, especially from 1 to 3 weeks. Flkl receptor is highly expressed in a definite period after fracture. VEGF is proved to be involved in the vascular reconstruction and fracture healing.     

NEP1-40和甲基强的松龙联合治疗对脊髓修复的影响

目的：探讨甲基强的松龙（MP）和NEP1-40联合治疗对大鼠脊髓损伤后脊髓的功能恢复的影响。方法：选用SD大鼠60只,随机分为联合治疗组、MP治疗组、NEP1-40治疗组和对照组4组。建立大鼠中段胸部脊髓后半部横切模型。MP的给药方法为术后30 min内经鼠尾静脉给予MP 30 mg/kg,后给予剂量5.4 mg/（kg.h）,持续23 h;NEP1-40的给药方法为术后3 d于硬膜下管给予NEP1-40 12.5μg/（20μl PBS.d）,连续7 d。对照组给予等量生理盐水。不同时间点进行运动诱发电位（MEP）测定和行为学评价。结果：联合治疗组大鼠潜伏期延迟时间较MP、NEP1-40治疗组和对照组短,5 w时接近正常,其P1波的潜伏时间为5.42 ms,N1波的潜伏时间为5.55 ms（P〈0.01）,其BBB运动评分5 w时为17分（P〈0.01）;联合治疗组的空洞面积百分比不到对照组的一半（P〈0.01）;NF200阳性染色的神经元数目为20.19个/1000μm^2。结论：MP和NEP1-40联合治疗可减少病变范围,减轻白质纤维脱髓鞘病变,增多NF200阳性神经元数目,促进神经再生,改善由于脊髓后半横切所引发的脊髓电生理的障碍,促进了脊髓功能恢复。在治疗脊髓损伤时,MP与NEP1-40有协同作用,促进脊髓功能恢复。     

十二指肠镜在胆囊切除术后的应用

目的　通过分析 12 4例胆囊切除术后综合 (PCS)征临床资料 ,探讨PCS的病因和诊断方法以及评价ERCP的诊断价值。方法　对 12 4例临床诊断为PCS的患者行B超、胃镜或上消化道钡餐检查 ,以明确病因。结果　 12 4例患者插管 ,成功率 93 5 % ,胆管结石 6 8例 ,胆管扩张 4 7例 ,胆管狭窄2 6例 ,胆囊管残留过长及残余小胆囊 11例 ,十二指肠乳头憩室内或憩室旁开口 11例 ,胆道未见异常2 3例 ,非胆道疾病 15例。结论　PCS最为常见的病因为胆管结石和胆管狭窄 ,其他较为少见原因包括十二指肠憩室、Oddi括约肌运动功能障碍、胆囊管残留过长、残余小胆囊及非胆道疾病等。ERCP是明确PCS病因较为理想和可靠的方法 ,如结合B超、胃镜检查以及上消化道钡餐 ,可对PCS的病因作出较为全面的诊断     

内源性光动力疗法抑制人结肠癌裸鼠种植瘤的实验研究

目的　探讨基于 5 氨基乙酰丙酸 (ALA)的光动力疗法 (PDT)对结肠癌的生长抑制作用。方法　建立人结肠癌SW 480细胞裸鼠种植瘤模型 ,经尾静脉注入ALA液 (2 5 0mg/kg体重 ) ,光敏化 3h后半导体激光仪垂直照射肿瘤 3 0min(能量密度 9J/cm2 ) ,照射后连续观察肿瘤体积 ,瘤体HE染色病理分析。结果　ALA PDT在治疗后早期产生明显的抑制肿瘤增殖作用 ,瘤体组织坏死 ,腺腔样结构解离破坏 ,延命率 40 .2 % ,体积抑瘤率达 64 .1% ,治疗后期 ,肿瘤体积仍会缓慢增长 ,但增长速度明显小于对照组。结论　SALA PDT治疗可明显抑制裸鼠结肠种植瘤生长 ,延长荷瘤裸鼠生存期 ,但仍不能完全抑制肿瘤生长。     

脓毒症肺损伤大鼠鞭毛蛋白含量与TNF-α相关性研究

目的 观察脓毒症大鼠肺损伤模型中鞭毛蛋白与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的相关性.方法 120只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为2组,即脓毒症组、假手术组.脓毒症组用盲肠结扎穿孔法建立模型,假手术组除不结扎穿孔、不切除盲肠外,其他处理同脓毒症组.分别于致伤后2、4、6、12、24、48h时点,取大鼠颈动脉血做血气分析观察动脉血氧分压(PaO2)的变化;光镜下观察肺组织病理变化;采用ELISA法检测外周血血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织匀浆中鞭毛蛋白含量以及外周血血清TNF-α的含量.结果 成功复制了大鼠脓毒症肺损伤模型,脓毒症组在致伤后12h时点血PaO2明显下降,致伤后48h时点降到最低,脓毒症组12、24、48h时点血PaO2显著低于对应时点假手术组(P＜0.01).光镜下可见脓毒症组24h时点肺组织有以中性粒细胞为主的炎细胞浸润、肺间质和肺泡水肿,假手术组未见明显病理变化.脓毒症组血清、BALF和肺组织匀浆中鞭毛蛋白含量在致伤后12h和24h时点明显增加,12、24、48h时点显著高于对应时点假手术组(P＜0.01),脓毒症组血清TNF-α含量在致伤4h后各时点均显著高于对应时点假手术组(P＜0.01).Pearson相关性分析表明,脓毒症发生时大鼠血清、BALF和肺组织匀浆中鞭毛蛋白含量与外周血血清TNF-α含量呈正相关(r=0.711,P＜0.05;r=0.66,P＜0.05;r=0.52,P＜0.05).结论 脓毒症发生时,鞭毛蛋白可能通过诱导TNF-α的产生导致肺损伤.     

Oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein induced by cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells

Objective: To observe the oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein (HDL) induced by culturedhuman arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Methods: HDL cocultured with SMCs at 37℃ in 48 h was subjected,and native HDL (N-HDL) served as control. Oxidative modification of HDL was identified by using agarose gel electro-phoresis. Absorbances of conjugated diene (CD) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) were measured with ultravioletspectrophotometry at 234 and 560 nm respectively, and fluorescence intensity of thiobarbuturic acid reaction substance