闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期的记忆研究

目的探讨闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期的记忆障碍特点。方法用临床记忆量表对 2 0例闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期及 2 0例正常人进行记忆测验。结果闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期 5项分测验及记忆商均明显低于正常人对照组 ,MQ≤ 79的比例较正常人明显增高。结论闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期有非常严重的记忆障碍 ,其回忆比再认受损更严重     

Evidence for a role of glycoprotein M6a in dendritic spine formation and synaptogenesis

Neuronal glycoprotein M6a belongs to the tetraspan proteolipid protein (PLP) family. Mutations in GPM6A gene have been related to mental disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and claustrophobia. M6a is expressed mainly in neuronal cells of the central nervous system and it has been extensively related to neuronal plasticity. M6a induces neuritogenesis and axon/filopodium outgrowth; however its mechanism of action is still unresolved. We recently reported that the integrity of the transmembrane domains (TMDs) 2 and 4 are critical for M6a filopodia induction. There is also experimental data suggesting that M6a might be involved in synaptogenesis. In this regard, we have previously determined that M6a is involved in filopodia motility, a process that is described in the first step of the filopodial model for synaptogenesis. In this work we analyzed the possible involvement of M6a in synaptogenesis and spinogenesis, and evaluated the effect of two non-synonymous SNPs present in the coding region of TMD2-GPM6A in these processes. The results showed that endogenous M6a colocalized with both, pre-synaptic (synaptophysin) and post-synaptic (NMDA-R1), markers along of neuronal soma and dendrites. M6a-overexpressing neurons displayed an increased number of synaptophysin and NMDA-R1 puncta and, also, an increased number of colocalization puncta between both markers. Conversely, the number of synaptic puncta markers in neurons expressing nsSNP variants was similar to those of control neurons. Overexpression of M6a is accompanied by an increase in spine density, particularly in mature spines, as compared with neurons expressing mGFP or GPM6A nsSNP variants. Taken together, these results suggest that M6a contributes positively to spine and, likely, synapse formation.     

运动学对线与机械对线全膝关节置换早期临床结果比较

目的探讨并对比分析应用专用工具的运动学对线全膝关节置换和机械对线全膝关节置换的早期临床结果。 方法回顾性分析2019年3月至2021年3月间，在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院因膝骨关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换术，术后随访时间大于3个月且随访资料完整的患者，排除类风湿性关节炎等炎性关节病、髌股关节严重对位不良以及既往有膝关节侧副韧带或后交叉韧带损伤的患者；按对线方法分为专用工具运动学对线全膝关节置换(KA-TKA)组和机械对线全膝关节置换(MA-TKA)组，记录手术前后髋－膝－踝(HKA)角度，术前及术后3个月的膝关节临床评分(KS-C)和膝关节功能评分(KS-F)，术后3个月的遗忘关节评分(FJS)，采用独立样本t检验行统计学分析。 结果共有162例患者纳入研究，其中KA-TKA组82例，MA-TKA组80例。两组患者术后HKA差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后3个月KA-TKA组患者的KS-C评分(t＝2.259)、KS-F评分(t＝1.994)和FJS评分(t＝2.945)均高于MA-TKA组，两组间差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。 结论KA-TKA与MA-TKA相比，术后下肢力线相似，具有更好的临床评分表现和更高的膝关节功能表现，以及更高的FJS评分。     

心房颤动患者植入植入式心脏复律除颤器术后肾梗死1例及文献复习

1例合并阵发性心房颤动（AF）的老年女性因室性心动过速（VT）而植入植入式心脏复律除颤器（ICD）,围术期为避免出血风险,未予抗凝治疗,术后7d出现发热、腹痛,完善检查后诊断为肾梗死,立即开始规律抗凝治疗。目前针对AF患者植入心脏节律装置（CRD）围术期不同抗凝策略的安全性及有效性仍有争议。AF患者合并肾梗死相对少见,且该患者临床表现不典型,增加了早期诊断的难度。该病例带给我们的启示是：（1）对于卒中高危的AF患者,在植入CRD的围术期,抗凝治疗是必要的,但是采用何种抗凝策略尚有争议;（2）对于卒中高危的AF患者,在无抗凝的情况下,出现急腹症等表现时,应考虑腹腔脏器急性栓塞梗死的可能性。     

Prevalences of and risk factors for biliary stones and gallbladder polyps in a large Chinese population

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the prevalences of and risk factors associated with the development of gallbladder stones and polyps in a large Chinese population.

Methods

Prevalences of and risk factors for biliary stones and gallbladder polyps were retrospectively investigated among subjects who underwent a general check-up at the Health Screening Centres of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Beijing Charity Hospital between January 2007 and June 2010.

Results

A total of 60 064 people were enrolled in the study. Overall prevalences of biliary stones and gallbladder polyps were 4.2% (n = 2527) and 6.9% (n = 4119), respectively. Risk factors associated with increased odds ratios (ORs) for the development of biliary stones were female gender (OR = 1.51), age ≥50 years (OR = 2.09), history of hypertension (OR = 1.37), thickened gallbladder wall (cholecystitis) (OR = 1.98), fasting blood glucose ≥6.10 mmol/l (OR = 1.27), body mass index ≥25 kg/m² (OR = 1.25), systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (OR = 1.31) and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (OR = 1.44). Factors associated with gallbladder polyps were female gender (OR = 0.66), thickened gallbladder wall (OR = 2.09), negativity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and positivity for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) (OR = 2.61), and positivity for both HBsAg and anti-HBc (OR = 3.21).

Conclusions

Prevalences of biliary stones and gallbladder polyps among Chinese people are similar to those reported for other populations. Biliary stones appear to be associated with female gender, age, obesity, blood glucose, blood pressure and cholecystitis. Male gender, hepatitis B virus infection and cholecystitis were strong risk factors for the formation of gallbladder polyps.     

镜像运动的研究进展

镜像运动作为一种异常运动现象,可见于脑卒中及帕金森氏病,它的存在对于康复预后有何种影响尚有争论。近年来已有人利用镜像运动的研究成果对卒中后患者进行双侧运动训练并已取得初步效果。     

女性2型糖尿病患者合并无症状菌尿的临床特点及防治

目的 探讨影响女性2型糖尿病患者合并无症状菌尿的临床特点及防治措施。方法 分析300例女性2型糖尿病患者(75例伴无症状菌尿，225例不伴有无症状菌尿)和100例正常对照组的临床特点。结果 女性2型糖尿病合并无症状菌尿的发病率为25％；与无症状菌尿有关的危险因素包括年龄、病程、血糖水平、高脂血症、糖尿病神经病变、大血管疾病等；糖尿病合并无症状菌尿的病原微生物主要以大肠埃希氏菌为主。结论 女性2型糖尿病患者合并无症状菌尿的发病率较高，可能是糖尿病慢性并发症的一个组成部分。     

Anatomical details of neurogenic heterotopic ossification anterior to the ankylotic hip

Neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a common complication in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although there are many reports regarding the etiology, pathophysiology, and medical management, few studies elaborate the anatomical details of NHO, which leads to ankylosis of the hip joint. A prospective study on surgical resection of NHO in patients with hip ankylosis was conducted. Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess the relationship of the NHO block with the blood vessels, peripheral nerve, and surrounding muscles and bones. The anatomical relationships were also assessed and documented during the surgical procedures. NHO, which is anterior to the hip and causes hip ankylosis, settles into tissue planes without involving the tissue itself and does not disrupt the femoral neurovascular structures. The NHO bone block can then fuse to the cortex of adjacent bone. During resection, the normal bony contour should be exposed as a marker to guide the resection in order to avoid iatrogenic fracture.     

试论康复机构如何培育核心竞争力

本文简要阐述了组织核心竞争力的概念及特征,重点就康复机构核心竞争力进行分析,并提出了培育核心竞争力的方法与策略。     

雌性大鼠尿道壁内横纹括约肌一氧化氮合酶分布的免疫组化研究

目的研究神经型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）在大鼠尿道壁内横纹肌的分布情况。方法雌性Wistar大鼠4只,水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉后,解剖膀胱和尿道全长标本,福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,2只做平行尿道长轴的纵行切片,2只做垂直尿道的横行切片,常规HE染色、Mallory磷钨酸苏木素染色了解尿道的显微解剖。定位尿道横纹括约肌后局部进行nNOS免疫组化染色。结果雌性Wistar大鼠的尿道为一长约1.5~2.0cm的管状结构。其典型的组织结构由外向内依次为：环行横纹肌纤维层、环行平滑肌纤维层、纵行平滑肌纤维层、致密结缔组织层和上皮层。全尿道标本纵切面显示,尿道壁内横纹括约肌并不分布于尿道全长,而是仅环绕尿道的中下段。横切面显示尿道壁内横纹括约肌呈封闭环形,约5~10层不等,但并不是均匀分布,后壁横纹肌层较前壁为厚,层数稍多。nNOS免疫活性在部分尿道壁内横纹肌内呈强阳性表达。结论nNOS在部分尿道壁内横纹肌内呈强阳性表达,提示其对尿道壁内横纹肌可能起重要的调节作用。