师承教育在医教协同创新中医人才培养中的作用

中医师承教育是当今社会中医传承的主要方式,其培养了大量的中医优秀人才,促进中医药文化和中医学术思想传播,是现代中医药发展不可缺少的组成部分。但近代以来,人们脑海中逐渐形成了以西方医学为体系的思维模式时,中医学教育该如何的发展与传承。针对这一现象,我们分析了现代院校教育与师承教育的特点,阐述师承教育在现代中医人才培养中的作用,以期探讨高等中医药院校教育改革的模式。     

SARS患者TGFβ1和PDGF-BB的动态监测及其临床意义

目的动态监测严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)患者血清转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)和血小板衍生生长因子BB(PDGF-BB)水平的变化,以探讨细胞因子在SARS疾病中的作用。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验 ,测定SARS患者早期、恢复期和随访时TGFβ1和PDGF -BB含量 ,并与急诊等一线未患SARS组及健康对照组比较 ,作描述性分析及方差分析。结果SARS患者早期组血清TGFβ1均值高于恢复期组和随访组 (P<0.05),SARS恢复期组、随访组TGFβ1均值均显著低于急诊等一线未患SARS组和健康对照组(P<0.01),其它组间两两比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。五组人群PDGF -BB均值水平总体比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论TGFβ1可能与SARS患者机体调节免疫应答和免疫损伤有关 ,PDGF -BB与SARS的免疫损伤无关。     

全膝关节置换后不放置引流的相关管理策略

背景:近年来,随着全膝关节置换技术提升、手术时间缩短、术中及术后止血药的应用,其总失血量不断减少,术后引流量也逐渐减少,术后快速康复理论应运而生,引流管放置也再次成为骨科医生所热议的问题,越来越多的医生认为可以常规取消放置引流,引流似乎已可有可无。目的:旨在复习既往文献,对全膝关节置换后引流放置的相关问题归纳总结,提供围术期引流管理的相关经验。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库,以及PubMed、The Cochrane Library、WebofScience、EMBASE、OVID等外文数据库,以"引流,膝关节置换术"及"totalknee arthroplasty,drainage"为检索词,检索自建库始至2020年2月为止所有与主题相关的文献,总结归纳全膝关节置换后不放置引流管围术期各方面需综合考虑的要素。结果与结论:①引流管的放置问题关乎全膝关节置换手术的最终结果,与术后出血、血肿、血栓、感染等并发症的发生关系密切;②目前全膝关节置换术后不推荐常规放置引流,但不意味着不需要管理,其实际上对临床医护在围术期各方面的管理提出更高的要求,包括但不限于术前适应证选择、手术操作、止血带使用、术中及术后药物使用、物理疗法的使用等。     

银杏叶浓缩口服液药理作用的研究

目的：探索银杏叶浓缩口服液（缩写Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｌ）的抗脑缺氧、抗脑缺血药理作用。方法以生理盐水组为空白对照,进行药理实验方法的平行比较研究。结果Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｌ能延长断头小鼠张口喘息时间及ＫＣＮ所致小鼠翻身反射消失时间,可降低结扎两侧颈总动脉所致脑缺血大鼠脑水份的含量,能抑制大鼠脑组织中过氧化脂质的生成。结论提示该口服液具有抗脑缺氧、抗脑缺血及改善脑循环的作用。     

miR-146a-5p regulates autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in epithelial barrier damage in the in vitro cell model of ulcerative colitis through the RNF8/Notch1/mTORC1 pathway

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon that can be influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aims to investigate the impact of miR-146a-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cell autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanism, with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets. We used LPS to establish Caco-2/HT-29 cell models and measured cell viability by CCK-8. The levels of miR-146a-5p, RNF8, markers of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy, proteins involved in the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway, and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance. Autophagic flux was measured using tandem fluorescent-labeled LC3. miR-146a-5p was highly-expressed in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells, and autophagy flux was blocked at the autolysosomal stage after LPS induction. Inhibition of miR-146a-5p suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reduced intestinal epithelial barrier damage, and facilitated autophagy inhibition in LPS-induced Caco-2/HT-29 cells. The autophagy inhibitor NH4Cl partially nullified the inhibitory effects of miR-146a-5p inhibition on NLRP3 inflammation activation. miR-146a-5p targeted RNF8, and silencing RNF8 partly abrogated the action of miR-146a-5p inhibition on promoting autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. miR-146a-5p inhibition suppressed the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway activation by upregulating RNF8. Inhibition of the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway partially nullified the function of silencing RNF8 on inhibiting autophagy and bolstering NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, miR-146a-5p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach for UC, as it facilitates autophagy of LPS-stimulated Caco-2/HT-29 cells, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and reduces intestinal epithelial barrier damage by upregulating RNF8 and suppressing the Notch1/mTORC1 pathway.     

甲氨喋呤配对甲酰四氢叶酸钙联合中药治疗输卵管妊娠

目的　通过对异位妊娠药物保守治疗的观察 ,总结经验并指导临床工作。方法　对 40例输卵管妊娠病人采用甲氨喋呤配对甲酰四氢叶酸钙 (CF)联合中药治疗 ,甲氨蝶呤 (MTX) 2 0～ 3 0mg·d- 1·次 - 1,肌内注射 ,总量≤ 150mg ;CF 10 0mg·d- 1·次 - 1,肌内注射 ;中药冷水煎服 ,每日 1剂。结果　住院 17 6±7 2 5d ,显效 40例 (10 0 % )。出院时血 β HCG量同比下降 75 87% ,妊娠包块直径同比缩小 2 1 65%。 结论　甲氨喋呤配对CF联合中药治疗输卵管妊娠 ,方法安全 ,疗效确切 ,不良反应少 ,值得临床应用     

乳腺癌分期辨证规范化——一个中医乳房病学与时俱进的重要课题

乳腺癌的发病率近年来呈上升趋势,在经济发达地区已经成为女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤。长期的临床实践表明中医药在乳腺癌治疗中有着不可或缺的作用。但其理论模式比较滞后,制约着中医药治疗乳腺癌的临床、教学与科研的发展。本文从临床疾病谱的变化、现代医学治疗乳腺癌存在的不足以及目前临床实际存在的问题,阐述了中医药治疗乳腺癌分期辨证规范化的制订和实施的重要性与迫切性,同时也分析了乳腺癌分期辨证规范化研究的基础、思路和方法。     

磁共振(MRI)扩散峰度成像(DKI)与拉伸指数模型(SEM)评价裸鼠原位肝细胞癌(HCC)异质性

 目的   探讨磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)扩散峰度成像(diffusion kurtosis imaging,DKI)和拉伸指数模型(stretched exponential model,SEM)评估自然生长状态下裸鼠原位肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)空间和时间异质性的价值。方法   将25只原位HCC裸鼠模型随机分为A、B、C、D和E组,每组5只,分别于原位种植瘤生长至第21、28、35、42和49天进行1.5T MRI扫描,获得DKI和SEM以下各参数:平均峰度(mean kurtosis,MK)、平均扩散系数(mean diffusivity,MD)、扩散异质性指数α和扩散分布指数(distributed diffusion coefficient,DDC)。使用Kruskal-Wallis H 检验和Mann-Whitney U 检验比较各组间肿瘤DKI和SEM各参数的差异。使用Spearman相关分析评价DKI和SEM各参数与组织病理学上坏死分数(necrotic fraction,NF)、微血管密度(micro-vessel density,MVD)、肿瘤细胞增殖指标Ki-67指数、HE染色肿瘤最大径切面直方图异质性指标的标准差(standard deviation,SD)和峰度以及肿瘤大小之间的相关性。结果   各组间肿瘤MK、MD、α和DDC值差异均有显著统计学意义(P均<0.05)。D组肿瘤MK值明显高于A、B和E组(P均<0.05),α值明显低于A、B和E组(P均<0.05)。D组肿瘤MD和DDC值显著高于B组(P均<0.05),E组显著高于B、C组(P均<0.05)。5组肿瘤的MK值与SD和峰度值高度正相关(r=0.603和0.604,P均<0.05),α值与SD和峰度值高度负相关(r=-0.627和-0.620,P均<0.05)。从第21天至第42天肿瘤MK值与NF(r=0.587,P=0.006)、MVD(r=0.490,P=0.028)、Ki-67指数(r=0.569,P=0.009)和肿瘤大小(r=0.503,P=0.024)中度正相关,α值与NF(r=-0.577,P=0.008)、MVD(r=-0.490,P=0.028)、Ki-67指数(r=-0.574,P=0.008)和肿瘤大小(r=-0.488,P=0.029)中度负相关。从第28至第49天肿瘤MD和DDC值与NF高度正相关(r=0.706和0.664,P均<0.05),与肿瘤大小中度正相关(r=0.492和0.525,P均<0.05)。结论   DKI和SEM或可成为临床无创性评价HCC时间和空间异质性的生物影像学指标。     

Pilot study on efficacy of reduced cathartic bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol and bisacodyl

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of reduced cathartic bowel preparation with 2 L polyethylene glycol(PEG)-4000 electrolyte solution and 10 mg bisacodyl enteric-coated tablets for computed tomographic colonography(CTC).METHODS:Sixty subjects who gave informed consent were randomly assigned to study group A,study group B or the control group.On the day prior to CTC,subjects in study group A were given 20 mL 40% wt/vol barium sulfate suspension before 3 mealtimes,60 mL 60% diatrizoate meglumine diluted in 250 mL water after supper,and 10 mg bisacodyl enteric-coated tablets 1 h before oral administration of 2 L PEG-4000 electrolyte solution.Subjects in study group B were treated identically to those in study group A,with the exception of bisacodyl which was given 1 h after oral PEG-4000.Subjects in the control group were managed using the same strategy as the subjects in study group A,but without administration of bisacodyl.Residual stool and fluid scores,the attenuation value of residual fluid,and discomfort during bowel preparation in the three groups were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The mean scores for residual stool and fluid in study group A were lower than those in study group B,but the differences were not statistically significant.Subjects in study group A showed greater stool and fluid cleansing ability than the subjects in study group B.The mean scores for residual stool and fluid in study groups A and B were lower than those in the control group,and were significantly different.There was no significant difference in the mean attenuation value of residual fluid between study group A,study group B and the control group.The total discomfort index during bowel preparation was 46,45 and 45 in the three groups,respectively,with no significant difference.CONCLUSION:Administration of 10 mg bisacodyl enteric-coated tablets prior to or after oral administration of 2 L PEG-4000 electrolyte solution enhances stool and fluid cleansing ability,and has no impact on the attenuation value of residual fluid or the discomfor