全膝关节置换后不放置引流的相关管理策略

背景:近年来,随着全膝关节置换技术提升、手术时间缩短、术中及术后止血药的应用,其总失血量不断减少,术后引流量也逐渐减少,术后快速康复理论应运而生,引流管放置也再次成为骨科医生所热议的问题,越来越多的医生认为可以常规取消放置引流,引流似乎已可有可无。目的:旨在复习既往文献,对全膝关节置换后引流放置的相关问题归纳总结,提供围术期引流管理的相关经验。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库,以及PubMed、The Cochrane Library、WebofScience、EMBASE、OVID等外文数据库,以"引流,膝关节置换术"及"totalknee arthroplasty,drainage"为检索词,检索自建库始至2020年2月为止所有与主题相关的文献,总结归纳全膝关节置换后不放置引流管围术期各方面需综合考虑的要素。结果与结论:①引流管的放置问题关乎全膝关节置换手术的最终结果,与术后出血、血肿、血栓、感染等并发症的发生关系密切;②目前全膝关节置换术后不推荐常规放置引流,但不意味着不需要管理,其实际上对临床医护在围术期各方面的管理提出更高的要求,包括但不限于术前适应证选择、手术操作、止血带使用、术中及术后药物使用、物理疗法的使用等。

Perioperative management strategy without drainage tube after total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the improvement of total knee arthroplasty technology, the shortening of operation time, the application of hemostatic drugs during and after operation, the total loss of blood is decreasing, and the postoperative drainage flow is also decreasing. The theory of postoperative rapid rehabilitation emerges at the historic moment, and the placement of drainage tube is once again a hot issue for orthopedic doctors. More than a few doctors think that the placement of drainage can be cancelled routinely, and drainage seems to be nonexistent.