Influence of maternal and paternal IQ on offspring health and health behaviours: Evidence for some trans-generational associations using the 1958 British birth cohort study

PurposeIndividuals scoring poorly on tests of intelligence (IQ) have been reported as having increased risk of morbidity, premature mortality, and risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, poor diet, alcohol and cigarette consumption. Very little is known about the impact of parental IQ on the health and health behaviours of their offspring.MethodsWe explored associations of maternal and paternal IQ scores with offspring television viewing, injuries, hospitalisations, long standing illness, height and BMI at ages 4 to 18 using data from the National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort).ResultsData were available for 1446 mother-offspring and 822 father-offspring pairs. After adjusting for potential confounding/mediating factors, the children of higher IQ parents were less likely to watch TV (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for watching 3+ vs. less than 3 hours per week associated with a standard deviation increase in maternal or paternal IQ: 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) or 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) respectively) and less likely to have one or more injuries requiring hospitalisation (0.77 (0.66, 0.90) or 0.72 (0.56, 0.91) respectively for maternal or paternal IQ).ConclusionsChildren whose parents have low IQ scores may have poorer selected health and health behaviours. Health education might usefully be targeted at these families.     

碳离子放疗与化疗药物联合应用的生物学效应

碳离子放射治疗（carbon ion radiotherapy,CIRT）属于高线性能量传递（higher linear energy transfer,LET）射线。碳离子射线不但具有适合肿瘤放射治疗的物理剂量分布特征（Bragg峰）,而且主要通过导致肿瘤细胞DNA的双链断裂杀灭肿瘤细胞,因此较光子射线具更强的生物学效应,对肿瘤细胞具有更强的杀灭作用。化疗药物与光子放射治疗的联合治疗是目前广泛应用于肿瘤治疗的策略。化疗与放疗的同期应用主要基于其增敏作用。然而,化疗药物是否能增敏碳离子放疗的抗肿瘤效应而不仅仅是叠加效应,目前尚未明确。本文将基于对基础生物学研究（包括细胞学实验及动物实验）到临床研究结果的分析,详细阐述肿瘤碳离子放疗与化疗药物联合治疗的生物学效应。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞后碘油沉积对碳离子放疗剂量的影响

目的 研究肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗后肝脏肿瘤内碘油沉积对碳离子放疗剂量的影响。方法 对比纯碘油、纯凝胶和碘油凝胶混合物实际相对水阻止本领（RLSP）和其CT图像转化获得的RLSP。在7例典型有碘油沉积病例的CT图像上制定碳离子放疗计划,然后基于前述分析结果,将碘油沉积区域RLSP修正为正常肝组织,将先前制定碳离子放疗计划在修正后CT图像上重新计算,比较在不同CT图像上等效水深度和剂量分布的差异。结果 依据CT图像HU值,碘油和碘油凝胶混合物转化的RLSP比实际测量值增加4.6%~139.0%。7例临床病例中,原始图像上碘油沉积可致射野路径上的等效水深度平均增加（0.89±0.41）cm,可使靶区远端1 cm区域内平均剂量升高（3.83±1.71）Gy （相对生物剂量）。结论 在肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗后有碘油沉积的CT图像上制定碳离子治疗计划时需将碘油沉积部位的HU值或RLSP修正为正常肝组织。