合肥市65岁以上老年人抑郁焦虑症状检出率及影响因素分析

目的 分析抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率及影响因素,为积极应对老年心理健康问题,提升心理健康服务能力提供依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽样,使用电子化结构式调查问卷入户现场调查,调查问卷包括基本信息、病人健康状况问卷抑郁量表和广泛性焦虑量表。抑郁焦虑症状检出率的影响因素分析采用logistic回归分析法,单因素和多因素logistic回归分析分别采用输入法和向前wald法。结果 本次研究共调查1382人,抑郁症状检出率为11.00%,焦虑症状检出率为6.95%,抑郁症状和焦虑症状同时检出率为5.72%。logistic回归分析结果发现对和子女的关系满意度（比较满意 vs. 一般满意: OR=0.193,95%CI:0.077~0.482; 非常满意 vs. 一般满意:OR=0.091, 95%CI:0.032~0.264）、患有心脏病（OR=3.715,95%CI:1.557~8.863）、患有糖尿病（OR=3.095,95%CI:1.237~7.744）和看电视（OR=0.336,95%CI:0.146~0.772）等因素影响抑郁症状检出率,焦虑症状检出率受到对和子女关系满意度（比较满意 vs. 一般满意: OR=0.719,95%CI:0.218~2.372; 非常满意 vs. 一般满意:OR=0.023, 95%CI:0.023~0.693）和看电视（OR=0.269,95%CI:0.079~0.910）等因素影响。结论 合肥市65岁以上老年人群抑郁、焦虑等心理健康问题值得引起人们重视,拥有较高的对和子女关系的满意度以及看电视是老年人抑郁、焦虑症状检出率的保护性因素,患有心脏病、糖尿病等慢性疾病患者的焦虑抑郁问题值得我们给予更多的关注。     

伴与不伴躯体化症状青少年抑郁障碍病人白细胞介素水平研究

目的：检测青少年抑郁障碍病人血清白细胞介素(IL)水平,并分析其与躯体化症状的相关性。方法：选择2020年12月至2021年12月在合肥市第四人民医院治疗的13～18岁的青少年抑郁障碍病人93例,根据是否伴功能性躯体化症状(functional somatic symptoms, FSS),分为伴FSS组(40例)与不伴FSS组(53例)。同时选取32名正常青少年人群作为对照组。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、儿童躯体化量表(CSI)对疾病抑郁障碍现状进行评估。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测被试儿童血清IL-13及IL-12/23p40因子水平。结果：伴FSS青少年抑郁组IL-13因子水平显著高于不伴FSS组和对照组(P<0.05),不伴FSS组与对照组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);伴FSS组IL-12/23p40因子水平显著高于不伴FSS组(P<0.05),两者与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IL-13水平与CSI总分及分因子分均呈正相关关系(r=0.360、0.286、0.366、0.310、0.336,P<0.01);IL-12/23...     

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes in community-dwelling residents aged 65 years or older in Guangzhou,China

BackgroundPrevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been reported substantial variations, and mostly in Western countries. Less is known about MCI in the south of China. The study is to estimate the prevalence of MCI and its subtypes in residents aged 65 year or older in community-dwelling residents of Guangzhou, China.MethodsThe study was a community-based, cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban areas of Guangzhou between April and October 2009. Eight communities were randomly selected using a cluster sampling method. Each elderly was interviewed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini-Mental state examination, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Clinical Dementia Rating scale et al. MCI was classified as amnestic MCI (a-MCI) or nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI).Results2427 individuals were contacted, but in-person interviews were conducted with 2111 participants. 299 participants with MCI were identified. The prevalence of MCI, a-MCI and na-MCI was 14.2%, 12.2%, 2.0% respectively. The prevalence of MCI and a-MCI increased with age, decreased with education level, and was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The difference of prevalence of MCI and a-MCI between women with men wasn't statistically significant(MCIχ2 = 1.0, OR 0.9, 95%CI = 0.6-1.2; a-MCIχ2 = 1.0, OR 0.9, 95%CI = 0.6–1.2), when controlling for education by logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe results suggest that 14.2% of elderly individuals are affected by MCI in Guangzhou, China. And MCI was dominated by a-MCI. The prevalence of MCI and a-MCI increased with age, decreased with education level, and was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间大众心理健康状况调查

目的调查受新型冠状病毒感染肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）疫情影响的蚌埠地区大众心理健康情况,为相关部门提升与改善大众精神卫生服务提供参考,为目前和未来开展心理干预提供依据。方法在线制作COVID-19疫情期间大众心理健康状况调查问卷,通过微信转发方式邀请研究对象进行问卷填写。结果问卷填写有效应答率为100%（343/343）。研究对象对COVID-19疫情发展了解占90.67%,对COVID-19了解占87.17%,在公共场所戴口罩占99.42%,预计COVID-19在3个月内得到基本控制占72.3%,认为目前所采取措施有效占87.18%,在COVID-19流行期间认为家里最安全为90.67%,知晓隐瞒COVID-19接触史违法占65.31%。心理健康自评问卷20个条目中,检出率最高的前三项依次是易疲劳（34.69%）、不快乐（29.45%）和很难做决定（28.28%）;不同性别中,女性感到“紧张、不安或担忧”“比原来哭得多”多于男性（P < 0.05）;不同职业中,非医护人员感到“很难从日常活动中得到乐趣”“出现过结束自己生命的想法”多于医护人员（P < 0.05）。心理健康自评问卷SRQ-20得分≥7分共64例（18.66%）。结论COVID-19发生后政府和社会的大力宣传取得良好效果,公众对COVID-19关注度较高,认识较好,能采取有效的应对措施,大部分人群心理健康状态良好,仍需加强心理干预,尤其重视女性和部分非医护人员的急性应激反应。     

伴迟发性运动障碍的慢性精神分裂症病人认知功能状况分析

目的探讨伴迟发性运动障碍（tardive dyskinesia,TD）的慢性精神分裂症病人认知状况。方法选取2017年12月至2018年9月蚌埠市精神卫生中心符合疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本（ICD-10）中精神分裂症诊断标准的住院病人300例,首先采用Simpson迟发性运动障碍评定量表（Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale,TDRS）进行筛选,根据筛选结果分为伴TD组（43例）和不伴TD组（40例）,再用异常不自主运动评定量表（AIMS）评定TD组病人异常不自主运动的严重程度,同时运用RBANS对2组病人的认知功能进行测评。结果除视觉广度外,伴TD组即刻记忆、言语功能、注意、延时记忆得分及RBANS量表总分均明显低于不伴TD组（P < 0.01）。Spearman相关性分析显示,伴TD组AIMS总分与言语功能呈负相关（P < 0.01）,年龄与言语功能呈负相关（P < 0.05）,文化程度与即刻记忆、视觉广度、延时记忆及RBANS总分呈负相关（P < 0.01）;人口学相关资料与RBANS各因子的多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、文化程度、总病程、住院次数等因素对伴TD的精神分裂症病人认知功能损害有影响（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。结论伴TD的慢性精神分裂症病人年龄更大、病程更长、认知功能损害更严重,特别是记忆、言语功能、注意方面,其损害受年龄、文化程度、总病程、住院次数等因素的影响。     

电抽搐疗法对老年抑郁症患者低频振幅的影响以及相关脑网络的改变

背景　老年抑郁症是老年常见心理疾病,对老年人群的身心健康危害巨大,其临床表现同成年人抑郁症不同,治疗难度明显增加,而电抽搐疗法（ECT）对其疗效较为确切,但治疗机制尚不明确。国内外已有运用功能磁共振技术探讨ECT治疗抑郁症机制的研究,但涉及老年抑郁症的研究极少,因此,相关的研究探索将对进一步明确治疗机制具有重要意义。目的　初步探讨ECT对老年抑郁症患者低频振幅（ALFF）的影响以及相关脑网络的改变。方法　2013年10月-2017年12月选取在安徽省精神卫生中心住院的老年抑郁症患者12例,其均完成ECT治疗（治疗次数≤12次）。患者于ECT治疗前后进行临床结果评定〔采用24项汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（24-HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表（HAMA）进行评定〕,接受静息态功能磁共振（rs-fMRI）和结构像扫描,计算分析ECT治疗前后ALFF差异,并提取指标差异脑区作为种子点来计算与全脑的功能连接,随后比较治疗前后全脑功能连接的变化。结果　患者ECT治疗后的HAMD总分、HAMA总分低于ECT治疗前（P<0.05）。患者ECT治疗后ALFF在左侧眶部额下回和右侧眶部额中回高于ECT治疗前,故提取出来2个ROI,其中ROI-1位于左侧眶部额下回（x=-36,y=51,z=-12,半径=6 mm）,ROI-2位于右侧眶部额中回（x=9,y=66,z=-12,半径= 6 mm）。在以ROI-1为种子点的全脑功能连接分析中,相对于ECT治疗前,患者存在一个大的团块（887个体素,峰值坐标为x=18,y=0,z=6,t=8.61,位于苍白球）在ECT治疗后的全脑功能连接有显著改变,在后扣带回、丘脑、苍白球显著增强;在以ROI-2为种子点的全脑功能连接分析中,相对于ECT治疗前,患者ECT治疗后的全脑功能连接在左侧额中回和右侧岛盖部额下回显著提高。结论　老年抑郁症患者ECT治疗后左侧眶部额下回和右侧眶部额中回的ALFF有显著提高,且这些ALFF显著增高的区域和后扣带回、丘脑、苍白球、左侧额中回和右侧岛盖部额下回等脑区之间的功能连接增强,可能同ECT抗抑郁治疗机制有关。     

精神分裂症患者健康一级亲属的认知功能研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者健康一级亲属的认知功能特点。方法：对72例精神分裂症患者健康一级亲属（研究组）以及与其人口学资料相匹配的31名健康对照（对照组）进行2-back测验、Go／No．go测验、Stroop测验、修订版韦氏成人智力量表的数字符号、连线测验分量表等认知功能的评定。结果：研究组在2-back测验反应时（t=7．749）和错误数（t=2．432）、Go／No·go测验反应时（t=4．147）以及数字符号测试（t=-2．248）成绩上均差于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．001）。多发病家系组在2-back测验反应时（t=3．233）、Go／No-go测验反应时（t=2．981）以及数字符号测试（t=2．041）成绩上均差于单发病家系组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：精神分裂症患者健康一级亲属存在不同程度的认知功能损害;认知功能损害可能是精神分裂症的遗传易感性指标。     

2015年安徽省精神卫生资源状况分析

目的 了解2015年安徽省精神卫生资源状况,为本省精神卫生服务资源合理配置提供理论依据。方法 收集2016年8 ～9月安徽省各地市精神卫生工作项目承担单位资源调查员填写的《2015年全国精神卫生资源调查表》（调查表数据截至2015年12月31日）。对调查表中全省精神卫生机构数、精神科执业医师数、精神科编制床位数等数据进行总结并做描述性分析。结果 截至2015年12月31日批复成立的精神卫生机构全省共有58家,编制床位数7 957张。全省精神科床位密度平均为1.31张/万人,铜陵最高为4.47张/万人,亳州最低仅为0.16张/万人。精神科执业（助理）医师891名,全省精神科医师密度平均为1.46名/10万人,铜陵最高为6.37名/10万人,滁州最低为0.45名/10万人。全省精神科患者平均住院日为（68.48±56.90）d。结论 安徽省精神卫生资源分布不均,精神卫生机构建设不足,精神科执业医师紧缺。     

Gray matter atrophy and corresponding impairments in connectivity in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe autoimmune disease that is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment and various neurological and psychiatric symptoms, advanced image analyses help explore the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, this study aimed to explore specific structural and functional alterations and their relationship with the clinical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. In this study, twenty-two patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis after the acute stage and 29 controls received cognitive assessments and magnetic resonance imaging. Grey matter atrophy was measured using voxel-based morphometry, and functional alterations in abnormal regions were subsequently investigated using resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Finally, correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between imaging alterations and cognitive assessments. The patients demonstrated significant gray matter atrophy in the bilateral triangle part of the inferior frontal gyrus (triIFG.L and triIFG.R) and right precuneus, decreased RSFC between triIFG.L and bilateral Heschl gyrus (HES), decreased RSFC between triIFG.R and HES.R, decreased RSFC between right precuneus and left cerebellum, and increased RSFC between triIFG.R and left superior frontal gyrus. Further correlation analyses showed that the gray matter volume in triIFG.R and decreased RSFC between triIFG.L and HES.R were associated with decreased memory scores, whereas decreased RSFC between triIFG.R and HES.R was marginally correlated with the disease course in patients. In conclusion, this study suggests that cognitive impairments in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis may be mainly associated with gray matter atrophy and abnormal RSFC in the triIFG. These findings provide new insights into anti-NMDAR encephalitis pathogenesis and help explore potential treatments.

     

Predicción de resultados de cistoscopias en la práctica

ObjectiveOur objective was to elaborate a predictive model of bladder cancer, in an unselected clinical population submitted to cystoscopy.Materials and methodsWe recruited consecutive patients that underwent cystoscopy due to suspicion of bladder cancer or surveillance of a previously diagnosed bladder cancer. Urine cytology and a BTA-stat® (BTA) test were carried out for all patients. To avoid an assessment bias, the BTA-tests, cytologies and cystoscopies were conducted in a blinded fashion. We used logistic regression to predict cystoscopy results from cytology, BTA-test and clinical variables.ResultsFrom August 2011 to July 2012, we recruited 244 patients and 237 were valid for analysis. Newly diagnosed and surveillance cases were 13% and 87% respectively. Cytology and BTA-test sensitivities were 57.9% (CI 95: 42.2-72.1) and 63.2% (CI 95: 47.3-76.6) with specificities of 84.4% (CI 95: 78.7-88.8) and 82.9% (CI 95: 77.1-87.5). The predictive model included the BTA-test, cytology, time since previous tumour, and treatment with mitomicin or BGC during the last three months. The model predictive accuracy (AUC) was .85 (.78-.92), and dropped to 0.79 when excluding the BTA-test (P = .026). For the surveillance of bladder cancer, a 10% threshold on the model predicted probabilities resulted in an overall negative predictive value of 95.7%, and 95.0% in low grade tumours.ConclusionIn a cost containment environment, our prediction model could be used to space out cystoscopies in patients with previous, low grade tumours, resulting in a more efficient use of resources in the healthcare system.