应用胰岛素治疗新诊断2型糖尿病住院患者的临床特征：基于真实世界数据的分析

背景　2型糖尿病（T2DM）患病率日益升高,胰岛素治疗是后期控制T2DM高血糖的重要手段之一,但新诊断T2DM患者胰岛素的临床使用情况及其影响因素目前研究较少。目的　基于真实世界数据,分析应用胰岛素（包括胰岛素类似物）治疗的新诊断T2DM患者的临床特征,为临床医生在T2DM患者中合理使用胰岛素提供临床依据。方法　于2019年5月,回顾性分析2007年1月-2009年6月在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院内分泌代谢科住院的628例新诊断T2DM患者的临床资料。根据临床医生开具的治疗方案中是否包含胰岛素治疗将患者分为两组：不使用胰岛素组和使用胰岛素组。收集患者的详细临床资料,包括年龄、性别、高血压病史、肥胖病史、身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、血压、血糖、C肽水平、糖化白蛋白（GA）、肝功能、肾功能及糖化血红蛋白水平（HbA1c）等。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响T2DM患者使用胰岛素的因素。结果　纳入研究的新诊断T2DM住院患者中女219例（34.9%）,男409例（65.1%）。不使用胰岛素组的患者194例（30.9%）,平均年龄（54.0±13.0）岁;使用胰岛素组的患者434例（69.1%）,平均年龄（52.0±16.0）岁。不使用胰岛素组与使用胰岛素组患者高血压患病率、肥胖患病率、腰围、体质指数（BMI）、空腹血糖、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽、GA、HbA1c、血肌酐（Scr）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、尿微量白蛋白、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者年龄、性别、腰臀比、血压、餐后2 h血糖、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、餐后2 h血糖升高、餐后2 h C肽水平降低,以及HbA1c水平升高是新诊断T2DM住院患者使用胰岛素的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　新诊断T2DM住院患者的胰岛素使用比例较高,提示国内T2DM患者诊断晚,确诊时血糖高导致胰岛素使用比例较高。男性、血糖水平高、胰岛功能差是影响新诊断T2DM住院患者使用胰岛素的独立因素,提示临床医生在制定新诊断T2DM患者降糖治疗方案时,应参考患者的血糖水平和胰岛功能情况,选择合适的胰岛素治疗时机。     

The influence of sex on cardiovascular outcomes associated with diabetes among older black and white adults

AimsIt is unknown whether sex differences in the association of diabetes with cardiovascular outcomes vary by race. We examined sex differences in the associations of diabetes with incident congestive heart failure (CHF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) between older black and white adults.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 from four US counties. We included 4817 participants (476 black women, 279 black men, 2447 white women and 1625 white men). We estimated event rates and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for incident CHF, CHD, and all-cause mortality by Cox regression and competing risk analyses.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 12.5 years, diabetes was more strongly associated with CHF among black women (HR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.70–3.40]) than black men (1.39 [0.83–2.34]); this finding did not reach statistical significance (P for interaction = 0.08). Female sex conferred a higher risk for a composite outcome of CHF and CHD among black participants (2.44 [1.82–3.26]) vs. (1.44 [0.97–2.12]), P for interaction = 0.03). There were no significant sex differences in the HRs associated with diabetes for CHF among whites, or for CHD or all-cause mortality among blacks or whites. The three-way interaction between sex, race, and diabetes on risk of cardiovascular outcomes was not significant (P = 0.07).ConclusionsOverall, sex did not modify the cardiovascular risk associated with diabetes among older black or white adults. However, our results suggest that a possible sex interaction among older blacks merits further study.     

2型糖尿病住院患者2 454例视网膜病变的危险因素分析

目的调查上海地区2型糖尿病住院患者糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）的患病率及其特点,并探讨影响DR的危险因素。方法入选2型糖尿病住院患者共2454例,收集详细临床资料,并对其进行免散瞳眼底摄片以确定DR及其分级。应用趋势检验及logistic逐步回归等方法分析DR患者分布特点及危险因素。结果2型糖尿病住院患者DR的患病率为32．7％。随着年龄的增长、病程的延长及HbA1C水平的增高,DR患者比率逐渐增高（P〈0．05）。糖尿病病程（0R=1．107,95％CI1．089～1．125,P〈0．0001）,HbA1C水平（0R=1．071,95％CI1．0241．119,P=0．0026）,收缩压水平（OR=1．016,95％CI1．010～1．022,P〈0．0001）是2型糖尿病患者发生DR的独立危险因素,诊断年龄与DR发生风险也具有关联趋势（OR=0．991,95％C10．981～1．000,P=0．0556）。结论住院患者DR患病率较高。病程长、血糖情况控制差及高血压是影响2型糖尿病住院患者发生DR的独立危险因素。     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

二甲双胍对非酒精性脂肪肝的缓解与AMPK-G0S2信号通路的关系

目的:探讨二甲双胍对G0期G1期转换基因2(G0S2)的调控作用在非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)治疗中的作用机制。方法:在动物水平12只雄性ob/ob小鼠随机分为二甲双胍组,对照组。在小鼠药物处理期间测量小鼠体重,实验结束时称量小鼠的进食量,肝脏的重量,检测肝脏组织中脂质含量。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting在RNA水平和蛋白水平检测小鼠肝脏组织中AMPK信号通路相关分子以及G0S2的变化。结果:二甲双胍组ob/ob小鼠体重明显低于对照组,且摄食量没有明显差异。二甲双胍组ob/ob小鼠肝脏组织重量以及脂质含量均低于对照组。在分子水平上二甲双胍显著激活ob/ob小鼠肝脏组织中AMPK信号通路且下调G0S2蛋白表达。结论:二甲双胍通过激活AMPK信号通路下调G0S2的表达,促进脂肪分解进而有效的缓解NAFLD。