Health Care Providers' Advice on Lifestyle Modification for Older Adults

ObjectivesTo describe the pattern of health care providers' advice on lifestyle modification to older adults, and identify correlates of receiving such advice.DesignCross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study from 2007-2016 on adults ≥65 years (n = 3758) were analyzed.MethodsWe estimated the weighted prevalence and correlates of receiving advice on the following lifestyle modifications: (1) increase physical activity, (2) reduce fat/calories, (3) control/lose weight, and (4) a combination of control/lose weight and physical activity. Data were analyzed according to level of comorbidity (number of chronic conditions including high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and arthritis) and body mass index (BMI).ResultsPhysical activity was the most widely prescribed lifestyle modification, reported by 15.7% of older adults free of chronic conditions and 28.9%, 35.4%, and 52.6% of older adults with 1, 2, and ≥3 comorbidities. Advice on reducing fat/calories was reported by 9.2%, 18.5%, 26.3%, and 40.9% of older adults with 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 comorbidities, respectively, and advice on weight loss/control was reported by 6.5%, 19.1%, 20.8%, and 37.5%, respectively. The combination of advice on weight loss/control and physical activity was least commonly reported: 5.1%, 13.5%, 16.6%, and 32.0%, respectively. Overall, lifestyle modifications were more frequently advised to older adults who were overweight, obese, or Hispanic.Conclusions and implicationsIn the United States, lifestyle modifications are not routinely recommended to older adults, particularly those free of chronic conditions, presenting a missed opportunity for chronic disease prevention and management. Among those advised to lose or manage weight, concurrent advice to increase physical activity is not consistently provided.     

基于术前 PIV、NLR和CEA水平对胃癌根治术后预后列线图预测模型的构建及评价

目的:基于术前泛免疫炎症（PIV）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）以及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平探讨胃癌根治术后预后的影响因素并建立列线图预后预测模型。方法:回顾性分析2016年03月至2019年11月在徐州医科大学附属医院普外科行胃癌根治术的384例胃癌患者的临床病理资料,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析术前PIV、NLR、CEA水平预测总生存期(OS)的最佳截断值,并根据 PIV 的最佳截断值进行分组。采用 χ2 检验分析不同PIV水平与患者临床病理特征的关系。使用Kaplan-Meier 法和Log-rank检验分析不同临床病理特征对患者OS的影响,多因素 Cox 回归分析患者预后的独立影响因素。使用 R4.1.1 软件绘制胃癌根治术后患者 1、3、5年OS的列线图预测模型,并评价预测模型的效能,然后使用 X-tile 软件根据列线图风险得分将该模型分层进一步探讨该模型的临床应用价值。结果:ROC 曲线分析结果显示,PIV、NLR、CEA 曲线下面积(AUC)分别为 0.627、 0.584、0.590,最佳截断值分别为236.8、1.98、4.93 ng/mL。PIV与年龄、肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、神经或脉管侵犯、术前NLR水平相关(P＜0.05)。多因素 Cox 回归分析显示,年龄、肿瘤浸润深度、神经或脉管侵犯、PIV、NLR、CEA为胃癌根治术后患者 1、3、5年OS的独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。构建包含以上独立危险因素的列线图预测模型,模型内部验证一致性指数(C指数)分别为0.797、0.805、0.780,校正曲线提示该模型区分度良好,低风险患者的OS明显优于中、高风险组(P＜0.001)。结论:PIV、NLR、CEA对于胃癌预后有较好的预测价值,基于PIV、NLR、CEA水平及胃癌相关病理资料构建的列线图模型对于临床有较高的指导意义。     

转移病灶再活检对乳腺癌患者的临床意义

目的 比较雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体2（HER-2）在乳腺癌原发灶及转移灶中的表达差异,探讨这种差异对乳腺癌患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月—2018年12月就诊于徐州医科大学附属医院的188例乳腺癌转移灶再活检患者的病历资料。分别分析ER、PR和HER-2在原发灶及对应转移灶中的表达情况、转移部位的变化分布及其表达差异对预后的影响。结果 ER、PR和HER-2表达在原发灶和转移灶中的变化率分别为21.8%、33.5%和24.5%,其中PR和HER-2表达的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,ER表达的差异无统计学意义（P=0.117）。原发灶和转移灶中ER、PR表达不一致患者与表达一致患者的无进展生存期（PFS）比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,原发灶和转移灶中HER-2表达不一致患者与表达一致患者的PFS比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.236）。结论 乳腺癌患者原发灶和转移灶中ER、PR和HER-2表达存在差异,且激素受体的表达变化能够影响患者的预后。检测乳腺癌转移灶中ER、PR和HER-2的表达,对个体化治疗策略的制定以及预后判断有重要的临床意义。     

SCF/c-Kit反应轴调控ADSCs在糖尿病创面修复中的作用研究

探讨干细胞因子（SCF）/ 干细胞因子受体（c-Kit）信号调节脂肪间充质干细胞（ADSCs）增殖、迁移的作用机制,及其在糖尿病创面愈合中的作用。方法分离培养ADSCs。将其分为ADSCs 组、ADSCs+SCF（4 ng/ml,24 h）组和ADSCs+SCF+c-Kit siRNA（4 ng/ml,24 h）组;利用Western blot检测c-Kit、p-AKT、AKT蛋白的表达;采用CCK-8、细胞克隆形成检测增殖情况;采用Transwell法检测迁移情况。采用链脲佐菌素腹腔注射复制糖尿病小鼠模型,并复制背部直径为2cm 的全层皮肤缺损模型。将6 只糖尿病裸鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组小鼠于创面周围以皮内注射方式注射1×106个未处理的ADSCs,实验组小鼠注射等量的经SCF（4 ng/ml）预处理24 h后的ADSCs。10 d后处死各组裸鼠,计算创面愈合率,苏木精- 伊红染色法检测真皮层与表皮层间的厚度,比较两组的差异。结果SCF 诱导c-Kit的表达呈时间、浓度依赖性（p <0.05）。SCF促进ADSCs的增殖、迁移,c-Kit siRNA抑制ADSCs的增殖、迁移（p <0.05）。SCF促进p-AKT的表达,c-Kit siRNA抑制c-Kit、p-AKT 的表达。实验组糖尿病裸鼠创面愈合率更高,真皮层与表皮层厚度大（p <0.05）。结论SCF/c-Kit 反应轴激活PI3K/AKT 信号通路,促进ADSCs 增殖、迁移。SCF 预处理能够促进糖尿病裸鼠创面愈合。     

FBXO22对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移的影响及相关机制

目的： 探讨结肠癌细胞FBXO22基因表达沉默后对细胞侵袭迁移的影响及其相关分子机制。方法：利用siRNA-Ctrl和siRNA-FBXO22小干扰片段转染结肠癌SW620和HCT116细胞,干扰FBXO22基因表达,Western blot 检测细胞转染效率,Transwell细胞迁移实验分析干扰FBXO22对细胞侵袭迁移的影响,Western blot检测细胞侵袭相关蛋白MMP-2、MMP-9和MDM2水平的变化。结果：转染FBXO22 siRNA后,结肠癌SW620和HCT116细胞FBXO22的表达量明显下降、细胞侵袭转移能力降低,MMP-2和MMP-9蛋白表达水平明显降低,而MDM2蛋白表达水平上调。结论： FBXO22与结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移相关,其机制可能通过调节MMP-2和MMP-9表达而实现。     

腰椎退行性疾病手术患者椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布情况研究

背景　椎间盘退变是一系列腰椎退行性疾病的始动因素,既往研究多集中于腰椎间盘退变的流行病学及影像学研究方面,而关于严重腰腿痛的腰椎退行性疾病患者需手术干预的研究少见,其椎间盘退变分布规律并不明确,而责任间隙（手术节段）退变分布情况鲜有报道。目的　分析腰椎退行性疾病手术患者椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布规律。方法　选择2012年1月-2016年2月于中国人民解放军第960医院行腰椎正侧位、过伸过屈位X线和腰椎矢状位MRI检查并确诊为腰椎退行性疾病患者503例,分析腰椎间盘退变及责任间隙分布特点〔包括腰椎失稳、Modic改变、高信号区域（HIZ）、许莫结节（SN）〕;椎间盘退变分级采用Pfirrmann分级标准,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为正常椎间盘,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ级为退变椎间盘（其中Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级为严重退变）;多间隙椎间盘退变采用自定义W分级标准,即两个及以上节段椎间盘退变程度。结果　503例患者共2 515个腰椎间盘,退变率为74.08%（1 863/2 515）,严重退变率36.46%（917/2 515）。上腰椎椎间盘（L1~2、L2~3）退变率为56.96%（573/1 006）,严重退变率为34.55%（198/573）;下腰椎椎间盘（L3~4、L4~5、L5~S1）退变率为85.49%（1 290/1 509）,严重退变率为55.74%（719/1 290）。下腰椎椎间盘退变率、严重退变率均高于上腰椎（P<0.05）。≥40岁女性腰椎间盘退变率高于男性（P<0.05）。<40岁男性腰椎失稳发生率与女性比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;而Modic改变、HIZ、SN发生率两性别间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。≥40岁女性腰椎失稳发生率高于男性（P<0.05）;而Modic改变、HIZ、SN发生率两性别间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。≥40岁男性Modic改变、HIZ与女性腰椎失稳、HIZ、SN与<40岁者发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。腰椎失稳、Modic改变、SN和HIZ腰椎退变节段分布情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。手术节段单间隙381例,两间隙102例,三间隙14例,四间隙4例,五间隙2例;责任间隙椎间盘退变率为99.01%（498/503）,严重退变率为62.82%（316/503）。结论　腰椎退行性疾病手术患者的椎间盘退变率较高,且女性较高,下腰椎椎间盘高于上腰椎椎间盘,女性腰椎失稳、Modic改变发生率均高于男性,SN发生率低于男性,40岁是男性Modic改变及HIZ发生的转折点,也是女性腰椎失稳、HIZ、SN发生的转折点。责任间隙椎间盘大部分发生退变,且严重退变率较高。     

Medication-Related Acute Care Admission and Inappropriate Polypharmacy of Nursing Home Residents

ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of medication-related admissions (MRAs) and their association with potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) used by nursing home residents admitted to the geriatric center of a tertiary hospital.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsOlder patients admitted from nursing homes to the geriatric center of the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital who had undergone comprehensive geriatric assessment from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020.MethodsMRAs were determined and verified using a previously described MRA adjudication guide. The PIMs in the preadmission medication lists were identified according to each of the following criteria (as well as the combined criteria), the Beers, NORGEP-NH, STOPP/START-NH, and STOPPFrail criteria. Medication use factors associated with MRAs were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 304 acute care admissions, 32.2% were MRAs. The main cause of MRAs was acute kidney injury related with use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Approximately 81% of the patients used at least 1 PIM according to the combined criteria. The use of 1 or more PIMs, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and benzodiazepines was significantly associated with MRAs. The combined criteria were able to predict MRAs better than the individual criteria.Conclusions and ImplicationsApproximately one-third of acute admissions of nursing home residents may be MRAs. Interventions for the optimal use of medication among nursing home residents are needed.     

中耳畸形对圆窗激振听力补偿性能影响的数值分析

目的研究中耳畸形对圆窗激振性能的影响,为圆窗激振式人工中耳的优化提供理论支持。方法构建包含两腔不对称的非螺旋耳蜗的人耳有限元模型,并与实验数据进行对比,验证模型的可靠性。基于该模型,通过改变相应组织的材料属性,分别模拟听骨链固定、听骨链融合、听小骨缺损3种中耳畸形对圆窗激振性能的影响。结果中耳畸形主要影响圆窗激振式人工中耳的低频性能,听骨链固定和听骨链融合对圆窗激振起恶化效果。镫骨固定对圆窗激振补偿性能的影响最大,恶化量高达47.93 dB;听小骨缺损可提高圆窗激振的性能,最大改善量为6.24 dB。结论中耳畸形对圆窗激振的低频性能有影响,临床植入圆窗激振式人工中耳时需要针对性地提高其作动器的输出量。     

Inhibition of hsa_circ_0001313 (circCCDC66) induction enhances the radio-sensitivity of colon cancer cells via tumor suppressor miR-338-3p: Effects of cicr_0001313 on colon cancer radio-sensitivity

Circular RNA_0001313 (circ_0001313), also known as circCCDC66, is a novel circRNA that recently found to be upregulated in colon cancer tissues and promote colon cancer progression. However, the role of circ_0001313 in regulating radio-sensitivity of colon cancer and its molecular mechanism remain undetermined. Here we found circ_0001313 was significantly upregulated and miR-338-3p was downregulated in radio-resistant colon cancer tissues compared to radio-sensitive tissues. Radiation treatment in colon cells triggered a remarkable upregulation of circ_0001313 and a downregulation of miR-338-3p. Knockdown of circ_0001313 reduced cell viability, colony formation rate and increased caspase-3 activity in colon cancer cells under irradiation. Moreover, circ_0001313 act as a sponge for miR-338-3p in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, miR-338-3p could reverse the effects of circ_0001313 knockdown on cell viability, colony formation, and caspase-3 activity. These findings revealed that knockdown of circ_0001313 could induce radio-sensitivity of colon cancer cells by negatively regulating miR-338-3p.