SIRT2: Controversy and multiple roles in disease and physiology

Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that was under studied compared to other sirtuin family members. SIRT2 is the only sirtuin protein which is predominantly found in the cytoplasm but is also found in the mitochondria and in the nucleus. Recently, accumulating evidence has uncovered a growing number of substrates and additional detailed functions of SIRT2 in a wide range of biological processes, marking its crucial role. Here, we give a comprehensive profile of the crucial physiological functions of SIRT2 and its role in neurological diseases, cancers, and other diseases. This review summarizes the functions of SIRT2 in the nervous system, mitosis regulation, genome integrity, cell differentiation, cell homeostasis, aging, infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. SIRT2 inhibition rescues neurodegenerative disease symptoms and hence SIRT2 is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease. SIRT2 is undoubtedly dysfunctional in cancers and plays a dual-faced role in different types of cancers, and although its mechanism is unresolved, SIRT2 remains a promising therapeutic target for certain cancers. In future, the continued rapid growth in SIRT2 research will help clarify its role in human health and disease, and promote the progress of this target in clinical practice.     

A three-dimensional cell biology model of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro

We established an in vitro 3-D model of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by culturing MHCC97H cells on molecular scaffolds within a rotating wall vessel bioreactor. Morphological and biochemical analyses revealed that the 3-D HCC model mirrored many clinical pathological features of HCC in vivo, including cancer cell morphology, tissue ultrastructure, protein production and secretion, glucose metabolism, tissue-specific gene expression, and apoptosis. Xenografts into livers of nude mice resulted in tumorigenesis and distant metastasis. This 3-D HCC spheroid is a promising model for HCC tumor biology, anticancer drug screening, and for the establishment of HCC animal models.     

脱发治疗之男女差异浅谈

脱发治疗往往收效甚缓。结合临床和文献复习,我们根据男女体质的差异,在治疗上分别侧重养血和祛湿等不同方面,佐以补肾,并配合饮食调养和外洗法,取得了较好疗效。     

肌电诱发神经肌肉电刺激治疗脑卒中肩关节半脱位

目的:观察肌电诱发的神经肌肉电刺激疗法在脑卒中肩关节半脱位中的临床疗效。方法:脑卒中肩关节半脱位患者60例,随机分为A、B、C组各20例。3组均给予常规康复治疗,B组加用神经肌肉电刺激疗法,C组加用肌电诱发的神经肌肉电刺激疗法。治疗前后分别采用双侧肩关节X线片及肩关节指诊评价复位情况;采用运动功能评定量表(FMA)中上肢部分评定上肢功能恢复情况。结果:治疗6周后,C组复位率明显高于A、B组(45%、15%、25%,P<0.05);3组FMA的分值均较治疗前明显提高,C组更高于A、B组(P<0.05)。结论:肌电诱发的神经肌肉电刺激治疗脑卒中肩关节半脱位优于单纯常规治疗方法和神经肌肉电刺激疗法。     

COPD急性加重并呼吸衰竭患者无创正压通气治疗失败原因分析

目的分析经面罩无创正压通气（ noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, NPPV ）常见的失败原因,探讨其禁忌证和改行有创机械通气的指矸。方法选择2008年1月-2011年12月我科收治的COPD急性加重并呼吸衰竭210例,按无创机械通气结果分为有效组和无效组,分别记录两组的基线资料、脏器功能障碍情况、NPPV影响因素、并发症、NPPV治疗前和治疗后2～4h血气分析结果,比较两组间的差异,分析导致NPPV治疗失败的原因。结果NPPV治疗前无效组APACHⅡ评分明显高于有效组,自蛋白水平明显低于有效组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。无效组2个脏器功能障碍者23．1％,明显低于有效组51．7％,但出现≥3个脏器功能障碍者76．9％明显高于有效组48．3％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。无效组中出现肾功能不全、休克、排痰障碍、呕吐物误吸的比例明显高于有效组（P〈0．01）。无效组NPPV治疗后2-4h血pH值和二氧化碳分压改善程度均不及有效组（P〈0.01）。结论COPD急性加重并呼吸衰竭患者入院时APACHⅡ评分高、白蛋白水平低、出现较多脏器功能障碍和并发症等是NPPV治疗失败的重要相关因素。