超微粉碎云芝子实体对云芝多糖提取的影响

目的:探讨超微粉碎云芝子实体的云芝多糖提取工艺条件.方法:采用超微粉碎技术对云芝进行预处理,所得微粉(5μm)与云芝子实体进行多糖提取的对比试验,然后对云芝微粉提取多糖进行正交实验,优化提取工艺.结果:云芝微粉的多糖提取收率比云芝子实体的多糖得率平均高出61%,云芝超微粉碎处理后最优提取工艺为:100℃,80 min,提取3次.结论:超微粉碎有利于云芝多糖的提取.     

白内障术前应用不同浓度聚维酮碘的疗效观察

目的：比较白内障术前应用不同浓度聚维酮碘(PI)在结膜囊作用不同时间,观察PI的消毒效果,以及对结膜囊菌群、眼表的影响,筛选PI的最佳浓度和作用时间。

方法：本研究为前瞻性研究,选择2015-06/2017-06于我院行白内障手术患者270例270眼,根据用药浓度(5、1、0.5g/L)随机分为三组,每组90眼。根据不同作用时间(30s,1、2min)进一步随机分配各个亚组,每亚组各30眼。患者按分组情况进行术前PI结膜囊冲洗,并于冲洗前后进行结膜囊细菌样本采集,比较PI冲洗前后结膜囊细菌菌群变化和细菌培养阳性情况。同时比较术前3d与术后1、3d,1wk,1、3mo的泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(CFS)变化,观察PI冲洗结膜囊对眼表的影响。

结果：(1)结膜囊菌群变化：PI冲洗前结膜囊细菌培养共12种,其中革兰氏阳性菌9种,革兰氏阴性菌3种; PI冲洗后结膜囊细菌培养共4种,其中革兰氏阳性菌2种,革兰氏阴性菌2种。(2)结膜囊细菌培养阳性情况的比较：PI冲洗前结膜囊细菌培养阳性15眼,冲洗后细菌培养阳性5眼,PI冲洗前后细菌培养阳性眼数减少(P<0.05)。(3)安全性：所有患者术后末次随访,术眼均未发生眼内炎,除0.5g/L、30s组及5g/L、2min组外的所有组别,BUT均在术后3mo恢复术前水平。0.5g/L、30s组BUT术后1mo就恢复到术前水平,5g/L、2min组BUT至术后3mo仍未恢复至术前; 所有组别CFS均在术后1mo恢复至术前水平。

结论：0.5g/L PI结膜囊冲洗30s能有效减少结膜囊细菌,较其他作用时间和浓度组对眼表的损伤更小,用于白内障术前结膜囊消毒是安全有效的。     

512例胆管细胞癌的临床及预后特点

目的： 胆管细胞癌(cholangiocarcinoma，CCA)恶性程度较高，总体预后较差，初诊时分期较晚，治疗手 段有效率欠佳。本研究探索影响CCA发生、发展的临床特点及预后相关因素，以期为CCA的早期诊断及临床治疗提 供潜在的手段。方法： 回顾性分析中南大学湘雅二医院2002 年以来经病理确诊且临床资料完善的512 例CCA患者的 病历资料。利用Kaplan-Meier 法绘制生存曲线、log-rank 进行单因素分析，多元Cox回归法对有意义的变量进行多因 素分析。结果： CCA发病率≤60 岁者高于>60 岁者(61.13% vs 38.87%)，男性略高于女性(52.54% vs 47.46%)，糖类抗 原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9，CA19-9)≥35 μg/L 者占66.21%，病理分期III 和IV 期患者居多(分别占49.22%和 17.58%)。单因素分析发现ALB，ALP，CA19-9 等因素与预后相关，多因素Cox 生存分析发现ALP，CA19-9，肿瘤 最大直径等是CCA预后独立影响因素。结论：CCA发病率≤60 岁人群较高，初诊时分期较晚，CA19-9 是较为敏感的 实验室指标。ALP，CA19-9，肿瘤最大直径，合并子瘤，肝硬化及TNM分期是影响CCA预后的独立因素。     

A unique case of pure lateral spinal cord herniation

BackgroundSpinal cord herniation (SCH) remains a challenging diagnosis for neuroradiologists and may require treatment challenging for neurosurgeons. Most cord herniations are usually found at anterior thoracic levels.Clinical presentationA 28-year-old woman presented at our department with a 7-year history of progressive myelopathy. MR analysis showed a displacement of the spinal cord in a lateral thoracic dural defect. The herniated cord was released using a microscope and the patient significantly recovered 6 months after surgery.ConclusionWe present a unique case of pure lateral SCH. In the light of reviewed literature and operative findings, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.     

药学知识库发展与建设

介绍药学知识库内涵，分析建立药学知识库的必要性、意义、发展情况，从数据来源、模型构建、设计要点及应用几方面阐述其构建方法，提出未来发展方向。     

Processing of facial expressions of same-race and other-race faces: distinct and shared neural underpinnings

People understand others’ emotions quickly from their facial expressions. However, facial expressions of ingroup and outgroup members may signal different social information and thus be mediated by distinct neural activities. We investigated whether there are distinct neuronal responses to fearful and happy expressions of same-race (SR) and other-race (OR) faces. We recorded electroencephalogram from Chinese adults when viewing an adaptor face (with fearful/neutral expressions in Experiment 1 but happy/neutral expressions in Experiment 2) and a target face (with fearful expressions in Experiment 1 but happy expressions in Experiment 2) presented in rapid succession. We found that both fearful and happy (vs neutral) adaptor faces increased the amplitude of a frontocentral positivity (P2). However, a fearful but not happy (vs neutral) adaptor face decreased the P2 amplitudes to target faces, and this repetition suppression (RS) effect occurred when adaptor and target faces were of the same race but not when of different races. RS was observed on two late parietal/central positive activities to fearful/happy target faces, which, however, occurred regardless of whether adaptor and target faces were of the same or different races. Our findings suggest that early affective processing of fearful expressions may engage distinct neural activities for SR and OR faces.