经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术的快速康复外科护理

目的 探讨快速康复外科 （FTS）理念在经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术围术期患者护理中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年1月~2019年1月我院收治并行经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压患者100例，随机分成观察组和对照组，每组50例。对照组应用常规方法进行围术期护理，观察组应用FTS理念进行围术期护理。比较两组焦虑情况、术后并发症发生率、平均住院日及平均住院费用。结果 观察组轻度焦虑多于对照组，中、重度焦虑少于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组[恶心呕吐（4.00% vs 16.00%）、尿路感染（4.00% vs 18.00%）、颅内感染（0 vs 8.00%）、颅内血肿（2.00% vs 14.00%）和术后应激性疼痛（16.00% vs 34.00%）]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组平均住院日和平均住院费用均低于对照组[（9.13±1.14）d vs（12.44±0.89）d]；[（2.15±0.66）万元 vs （3.05±0.61）万元]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 应用FTS理念能缓解经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术患者术前紧张恐惧的心理，减少术后并发症，缩短患者住院日，降低住院费用，护理效果较好。     

Potentilla anserine L. polysaccharide protects against cadmium-induced neurotoxicity

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can damage the brain and other organs. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Potentilla anserine L. polysaccharide (PAP) against CdCl₂-induced neurotoxicity in N2a and SH-SY5Y cells and in the cerebral cortex of BALB/c mice. In addition, we aimed to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these protective effects. Relative to CdCl₂ treatment alone, pretreatment with PAP prevented the reduction in cell viability evoked by CdCl₂, decreased rates of apoptosis, promoted calcium homeostasis, decreased ROS accumulation, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited cytochrome C and AIF release, and prevented the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. In addition, PAP significantly decreased the CdCl₂-induced phosphorylation of CaMKII, Akt, and mTOR. In conclusion, PAP represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Cd-induced neurotoxicity, functioning in part via attenuating the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the Ca²⁺-CaMKII-dependent Akt/mTOR pathway.     

阿司匹林对大鼠脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的保护作用

目的 观察阿司匹林对大鼠慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及神经功能恢复的影响。方法选择65只体重为220～250g的Wistar大鼠（雌雄不限），于T10部位置入后路渐进式压迫装置，制作成慢性压迫性脊髓损伤模型。随机分为阿司匹林治疗组（A组，30只）、生理盐水对照组（B组，30只）和假手术组（C组，5只）。应用原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导dUTP标记技术，分别于慢性压迫性脊髓损伤后1、3、7、14、28d做行为学评价，并取材对脊髓损伤区进行细胞凋亡检测。结果A、B组均发现细胞凋亡，A组与B组细胞凋亡率相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），A组与B组行为学评价相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），神经细胞凋亡情况与运动功能改变具有相关性。结论 阿司匹林对慢性脊髓压迫损伤后所导致的神经细胞凋亡产生抑制作用。     

Safety and efficacy of oral nemonoxacin versus levofloxacin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: A phase 3, multicenter,randomized, double-blind,double-dummy,active-controlled,non-inferiority trial

Background/Purpose

Nemonoxacin is a novel nonfluorinated quinolone with excellent in vitro activity against most pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially Gram-positive isolates. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin compared with levofloxacin in patients with CAP.

从氧自由基、一氧化氮探讨四逆汤抗急性失血性休克的肝脏机制

目的:从氧自由基、一氧化氮探讨四逆汤抗急性失血性休克的肝脏机制。方法:复制急性失血性休克大鼠模型, 分为假手术对照组;单纯休克模型组;休克+生理盐水复苏组;休克+四逆注射液复苏组。四逆注射液(浓度1000g生药/L), 剂量0.1mL/200g大鼠。用生理盐水或四逆注射液治疗3h后处死动物并取组织。测定各组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平, 一氧化氮(NO)水平。采用免疫组化染色法, 观察诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)在肝细胞中的变化特点。RT-PCR观测肝细胞iNOS和内皮源性一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因表达的变化。结果:模型组在休克1h后SOD活性明显低于对照组(P＜0.01)、MDA水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)。四逆汤组复苏3h后肝组织SOD明显高于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)、MDA低于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)、NO水平明显高于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)。生理盐水组iNOS在肝细胞中染色阳性单位明显高于四逆汤组(P＜0.05)。生理盐水组促进iNOSmRNA的表达。四逆汤组eNOSmRNA的表达增强。结论:四逆汤通过清除氧自由基, 升高NO, 改善肝组织微循环, 减少诱导型iNOS表达的各种因素, 理论上减轻了NO与氧自由基生成的ONOO的细胞毒作用和血管的低反应性, 并对肝脏起到保护作用。     

NS-398诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 :研究选择性环氧化酶 2 (COX 2 )抑制剂NS 398对人肝癌细胞HepG2 凋亡的影响 ,及其相关蛋白Bcl 2在细胞凋亡中的作用。方法 :通过体外细胞培养 ,应用荧光显微镜、透射电镜、流式细胞仪观察NS 398对HepG2 的凋亡诱导作用 ,应用免疫细胞化学法观察Bcl 2在人肝癌细胞HepG2 凋亡中的表达。结果 :NS 398处理HepG2 细胞后 ,电镜下可见到细胞核固缩、染色质凝集成新月型紧靠核膜周边 ,核碎裂、染色质片断化等典型的细胞凋亡形态变化。荧光显微镜及流式细胞检测则未见凋亡征象。免疫细胞化学分析显示 ,NS 398处理后的HepG2 细胞 ,其Bcl 2表达较对照组明显下降。结论 :COX 2选择性抑制剂NS 398对人肝癌HepG2 细胞有显著的凋亡诱导作用 ;抗凋亡基因Bcl 2在NS 398诱导的HepG2 细胞凋亡中有重要的调控作用。     

胰腺癌中CLDN-7的表达及临床意义

目的： 探讨紧密连接蛋白claudin-7 （CLDN-7）在胰腺癌中的表达情况,以及其与患者临床病理特征和预后的相关性。方法： 应用Oncomine、GEPIA和GEO数据库综合分析CLDN-7 mRNA在胰腺癌中的表达水平,应用Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析胰腺癌中CLDN-7的表达水平与生存预后的关系;选取兰州大学第二医院普外科2015年至2018年手术切除的44例胰腺癌患者的癌组织及31例癌旁组织标本,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测CLDN-7蛋白的表达水平,并分析其与临床病理特征以及预后的关系;GO分析和KEGG通路富集分析 CLDN-7可能参与的信号通路及发挥的主要功能,并且在TCGA和GEPIA数据库中进行验证。 结果： 数据库及收取的临床样本分析均显示,CLDN-7在胰腺癌组织中显著高表达, 其高表达与胰腺癌患者临床预后有关联,并且CLDN-7的表达水平是影响胰腺癌患者术后总体生存时间的独立因素（均P<0.05）;GO分析和KEGG通路富集分析证实,CLDN-7参与胰腺癌患者DNA损伤修复、糖代谢等;TCGA和GEPIA数据库验证显示,胰腺癌中CLDN-7的表达与DNA损伤修复相关基因POLD4、SMUG1、NTHL1 及糖代谢的相关基因 ALDOA、TALDO1、PGLS 的表达呈现出明显的正相关性（均P<0.01）。 结论： CLDN-7在胰腺癌中高表达且标志着更差的临床预后,并与胰腺癌的DNA损伤修复及肿瘤内糖代谢相关。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合索拉非尼治疗中晚期肝细胞癌近期疗效的Meta分析

目的 评估肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合索拉非尼与单独肝动脉化疗栓塞两种治疗方案对中晚期肝癌的疗效.方法 计算机检索中国知网、万方、Medline、Embase、Cochrane library数据库,其他途径辅助查找发表的肝动脉化疗栓塞联合索拉非尼治疗中晚期肝癌的的文献.统计指标包括:1年生存率、治疗有效率(RR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、用药前后VEGF变化率、不良事件发生率(消化道症状、手足综合征、高血压),将统计结果分别纳入TACE联合索拉非尼组(T+S组)和TACE组(T组),通过Reviews 5.2软件进行数据分析.结果 纳入随机对照研究共6篇(360例),男∶女=2.96∶1,T+S组269例,T组91例.1年生存率比较有统计学意义[OR=4.06,95％CI:(1.62,10.20),P＜0.05];治疗有效率比较有统计学意义[OR=2.11,95％CI:(1.30,3.44),P＜0.05)];疾病控制率有统计学意义[OR=4.52,95％CI:(2.69,7.58),P＜0.05];用药前VEGF变化率无统计学意义[WMD=0.00,95％CI:(-0.37,0.37),P=1.00],用药后VEGF变化率有统计学意义[WMD=-1.23,95％CI:(-1.64,-0.82),P＜0.05)];用药前后T+S组VEGF变化率有统计学意义[WMD=0.96,95％CI:(0.56,1.36),P＜0.05],用药前后T组VEGF变化率无统计学意义[WMD=-0.23,95％CI:(-0.61,0.14),P＞0.05];消化道症状发生率无统计学意义[OR=1.57,95％CI:(0.81,3.03),P＞0.05];手足综合征发生率有统计学意义[OR=14.83,95％CI:(3.84,57.25),P＜0.05];高血压发生率有统计学意义[OR=3.28,95％CI:(1.22,8.81),P＜0.05].结论 肝动脉化疗栓塞联合索拉非尼组较单纯肝动脉化疗栓塞组能够提高患者1年生存率、治疗有效率和疾病控制率,降低VEGF水平,但手足综合征及高血压的发病率较高.     

Clinical characteristics,rates of blindness,and geographic features of PACD in China

ObjectiveTo analyze the rates of blindness with the demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with primary angle-closure disease (PACD) to provide a comprehensive epidemiologic reference in China.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in the Chinese Glaucoma Study Consortium database, which is a national multicenter glaucoma research alliance of 111 hospitals participating between December 21, 2015 and September 9, 2018. The diagnosis of PACD was made by qualified physicians through examination. Comparison of sex, age, family history, subtypes of PACD, and blindness were analyzed.ResultsA total of 5762 glaucoma patients were included, of which 4588 (79.6%) had PACD. Of PACD patients, 72.1% were female with the sex ratio (F/M) of 2.6, and the average age of patients was 63.8±9.3 years with the majority between 60 and 70 years. Additionally, 30% of these patients had low vision in one eye, 8.8% had low vision in both eyes, 1.7% had blindness in one eye, and 0.3% had blindness in both eyes. There were statistical differences with regards to age between male and female patients with PACD, with male patients being older on average. Primary angle-closure glaucoma was more commonly diagnosed in males (60%) compared to females (35.9%), whereas acute primary angle closure (APAC) was more commonly diagnosed in females (54.3%) compared to males (37.7%). The visual acuity in APAC patients was lower and the rate of low vision and blindness was higher than other subtypes.ConclusionPACD was the major type of glaucoma in Chinese hospitals. There were more female patients with PACD, mostly between 60 and 70 years old, with higher rates of APAC in women. APAC resulted in the worst visual outcomes of all PACD subtypes.     

炎症在糖尿病肾病中的研究进展

糖尿病肾病(DN)是世界范围内最常见的慢性肾脏疾病之一,也是终末期肾病的主要原因。DN的发病是由多种因素共同作用的结果,而导致其病情发展的机制尚不明确。目前越来越多的研究表明,在DN的发生和发展中特定的炎症状态有着举足轻重的地位。该文总结了近年来参与DN发展的相关炎症分子和信号通路以及针对炎症信号通路及其上下游产物作为DN治疗靶点的相关研究。从而让人们更加深入地了解炎症与DN发生发展之间的关系。