健康和病变人声带振动特性声门图

本文用多功能声门图仪测定了健康受试者(男46名,女34名)和不同喉病患者(男134名,女87名)声门图的波形及其特征参数。根据测出的正常声门图及其参数分布研究了恶性喉病变、声带麻痹、喉内关节病变、功能性声门发声障碍、声带息肉、声带小结、喉炎和早期喉病的临床声门图表现及其与声带振动模式变异之间的关系,并探讨了上述病变声门图的鉴别诊断指标和用声门图对喉病手术治疗、药物治疗和功能治疗的疗效进行定性和定量评价。研究结果证实:声门图方法能准确、定量、灵敏地反映声带振动模式及其变异;在喉病诊治中具有重要的应用价值。     

“天玑”骨科手术机器人辅助与徒手穿刺椎体成形术治疗上胸椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效比较

目的比较"天玑"骨科手术机器人辅助和徒手穿刺椎体成形术治疗上胸椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)的疗效。方法回顾性分析西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院脊柱外科自2018年1月至2019年3月使用"天玑"骨科手术机器人辅助下穿刺完成椎体成形术的19例上胸椎OVCF患者(20个椎体)资料(机器人组)和自2016年1月至2017年12月徒手穿刺完成椎体成形术的21例上胸椎OVCF患者(21个椎体)资料(徒手组)。机器人组男5例,女14例;年龄62~88岁;徒手组男6例,女15例;年龄64~83岁。通过比较两组患者的手术时间、骨水泥注入量、术后并发症(骨水泥渗漏、感染和血管栓塞),术后1 d、末次随访时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、伤椎椎体前缘高度(AH)和伤椎后凸角(KA)观察疗效。结果机器人组和徒手组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。机器人组中19例患者(20个椎体)和徒手组中21例患者(21个椎体)均顺利完成单侧穿刺入路椎体成形术。40例患者术后随访6~12个月,平均8.3个月。机器人组的手术时间[(37.9±8.2)min]、骨水泥注入量[(2.3±0.9)mL]、骨水泥渗漏发生率(10.0%,2/20)均少于或低于徒手组[(46.2±9.4)min、(4.2±1.3)mL、42.9%(9/21)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均无感染和血管栓塞发生。术后1 d、末次随访时两组间VAS评分、ODI、AH和KA比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比于传统徒手穿刺椎体成形术,"天玑"骨科手术机器人辅助下穿刺完成椎体成形术治疗上胸椎(T1~T4)OVCF临床疗效满意,可减少手术时间和骨水泥注入量,并降低骨水泥渗漏的发生率。     

Prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary artery sling associated with tracheal agenesis: A case report

Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) and tracheal agenesis (TA) are rare diseases, and most cases of PAS are associated with tracheal bronchial malformations. However, PAS associated with TA is yet to be reported. We report a case of PAS with TA diagnosed prenatally. Due to the extremely low incidence, physicians do not have sufficient understanding of these diseases and it is challenging to diagnose these diseases by prenatal ultrasound, with high rates of misdiagnosis. Prenatal examination of the pulmonary artery branches, trachea, and esophagus is useful; therefore, improving the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis will help in perinatal management and counseling.     

SOX1 inhibits breast cancer cell growth and invasion through suppressing the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway

Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway is common in human cancers. Several studies have demonstrated that SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box (SOX) family genes serve as either tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway in different cancers. However, the role of SOX1 in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of SOX1 on the breasted cancer cell growth and invasion. In this study, we established overexpressed SOX1 and investigated its function by in vitro experiments. SOX1 was down‐regulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of SOX1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and it promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, SOX1 inhibited the expression of β‐catenin, cyclin D1, and c‐Myc in breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SOX1 can function as a tumor suppressor partly by interfering with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in breast cancer.     

右美托咪定对新生儿肠闭锁术后苏醒质量及血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平的影响

目的分析右美托咪定对新生儿肠闭锁术后苏醒质量及血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白水平的影响。方法选取60例行新生儿肠闭锁术患儿为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为观察组（n=30）与对照组（n=30）。2组术中均予以瑞芬太尼持续静脉泵入和七氟醚吸入维持麻醉,观察组在气管插管后采取右美托咪定持续静脉泵入,对照组以同样方法持续泵入等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。比较2组麻醉前、气管插管后5 min、切皮时、术毕拔管时血流动力学指标[心率（HR）、舒张压（DBP）、收缩压（SBP）]水平和脑电双频指数（BIS值）,术前、术后拔管后3 min、15 min、30 min Ramsay镇静评分,术前、术后6 h、1 d、3 d血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平,及2组不良反应发生率。结果观察组气管插管后5 min、切皮时、术毕拔管时HR与DBP、SBP水平均低于对照组（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。2组气管插管后5 min、切皮时、术毕拔管时BIS值均低于麻醉前（P < 0.05）,且观察组明显低于对照组（P < 0.01）。2组术后拔管后3 min、15 min、30 min Ramsay评分均高于术前（P < 0.05）,且观察组明显高于对照组（P < 0.01）。2组术后6 h、1 d、3 d血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平均高于术前（P < 0.05）,但观察组低于对照组（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）。观察组不良反应总发生率为10.00%,低于对照组的33.33%（P < 0.05）。结论新生儿肠闭锁患儿手术麻醉中加用右美托咪定可改善患儿BIS值,提高镇静效果,稳定术中血流动力学状况,提升术后苏醒质量,减轻对脑神经功能的损伤,减少不良反应发生。     

Phloroglucinol averts isoprenaline hydrochloride induced myocardial infarction in rats

Myocardial infarction (MI) is indicated by the symptoms like sharp chest pain, sweating, palpitations, and nervousness finally leading to heart attack. MI occurs mainly due to the risk factors like smoking, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, decreased HDL level, elevated LDL level, hyperlipoproteinemia and aging consequently leads to demandable coronary blood supply, oxidative stress, and acute necrosis of the myocardium. Cardioprotective potential of the phloroglucinol (PG) was assessed by treating isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO; 85 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) induced MI model in rats. Pretreatment with PG in a dose of 30 mg/kg was done for 28 days and followed by ISO (for MI induction) on 29th and 30th days, exhibited decline in the abnormalities in the ECG patterns, cardiac marker enzymes, enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, lipid profiles, and histopathological investigations compared to isoprenaline alone treated group. On the whole, the present investigations elucidate the significance of PG in alleviating the pathological process and appreciably prevent the induction of MI in experimental rats.     

Increased expression of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans in rat hepatocellular carcinoma tissues

AIM: To investigate the expression of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in rat liver tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n = 10) and HCC model group (n = 20). Rats in the HCC model groups were intragastrically administrated with 0.2% (w/v) N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) every 5 d for 16 wk, whereas 0.9% (w/v) normal saline was administered to rats in the control group. After 16 wk from the initiation of experiment, all rats were killed and livers were collected and fixed in 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde. All tissues were embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Histological staining (hematoxylin and eosin and Toluidine blue) was performed to demonstrate the onset of HCC and the content of sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the expression of chondroitin sulphate (CS)/dermatan sulphate (DS)-GAG, heparan sulphate (HS)-GAG, keratan sulphate (KS)-GAG in liver tissues. Furthermore, expression and distribution of CSPG family members, including aggrecan, versican, biglycan and decorin in liver tissues, were also immunohistochemically determined.RESULTS: After 16 wk administration of DEN, malignant nodules were observed on the surface of livers from the HCC model group, and their hepatic lobule structures appeared largely disrupted under microscope. Toluidine blue staining demonstrated that there was an significant increase in sGAG content in HCC tissues when compared with that in the normal liver tissues from the control group [0.37 ± 0.05 integrated optical density per stained area (IOD/area) and 0.21 ± 0.01 IOD/area, P < 0.05]. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that this increased sGAG in HCC tissues was induced by an elevated expression of CS/DS (0.28 ± 0.02 IOD/area and 0.18 ± 0.02 IOD/area, P < 0.05) and HS (0.30 ± 0.03 IOD/area and 0.17 ± 0.02 IOD/area, P < 0.01) but not KS GAGs in HCC tissues. Further studies thereby were performed to investigate the expression and distribution of several CSPG components in HCC tissues, including aggrecan, versican, biglycan and decorin. Interestingly, there was a distinct distribution pattern for these CSPG components between HCC tissues and the normal tissues. Positive staining of aggrecan, biglycan and decorin was localized in hepatic membrane and/or pericellular matrix in normal liver tissues; however, their expression was mainly observed in the cytoplasm, cell membranes in hepatoma cells and/or pericellular matrix within HCC tissues. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that there was a higher level of expression of aggrecan (0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.35 ± 0.03, P < 0.05), biglycan (0.32 ± 0.01 and 0.25 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and decorin (0.29 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.01, P < 0.05) in HCC tissues compared with that in the normal liver tissues. Very weak versican positive staining was observed in hepatocytes near central vein in normal liver tissues; however there was an intensive versican distribution in fibrosis septa between the hepatoma nodules. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that the positive rate of versican in hepatoma tissues from the HCC model group was much higher than that in the control group (33.61% and 21.28%, P < 0.05). There was no positive staining in lumican and keratocan, two major KSPGs, in either normal or HCC liver tissues.CONCLUSION: CSPGs play important roles in the onset and progression of HCC, and may provide potential therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for this prevalent tumor in humans.