2014-2015年武汉地区4 232例儿童呼吸道人类博卡病毒感染流行病学特征

目的 分析武汉地区4 232例急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)的儿童人类博卡病毒(HBoV)感染的临床及流行病学特征。 方法 收集2014年1月1日-2015年12月31日期间4 232例7岁以下儿童经确诊为ARTI的鼻咽抽吸物(NPA),利用RT-PCR法对HBoV进行筛查,同时对流感病毒A型(Inf-A)、流感病毒B型(Inf-B)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)及副流感病毒Ⅰ型(PIV-Ⅰ)、副流感病毒Ⅱ型(PIV-Ⅱ)、副流感病毒Ⅲ型(PIV-Ⅲ)7种呼吸道病毒进行检测以了解其混合感染情况,并结合病例临床资料对其流行病学特征进行分析。 结果 4 232例NPA标本中,HBoV检出率为1.23%(52/4 232)。1～<3岁儿童HBoV阳性检出率最高,为2.81%(24/854)。HBoV在春夏秋冬各季节的检出率分别为3.05%、0.60%、0.52%、0.24%, 差异均有统计学意义(χ²=36.784,P=0.002),其中以春季检出率最高。HBoV与其他病毒混合感染率为69.23%(36/52)。以支气管肺炎患儿HBoV阳性检出率(51.92%)最高。 结论 2014-2015年HBoV为武汉地区儿童发热呼吸道症候群的主要病原之一,1～<3岁儿童检出率最高,与其他病毒有较高的混合感染率,且春季流行。     

注射用血栓通（冻干）联合单唾液酸四已糖神经节苷脂治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床研究

目的观察注射用血栓通(冻干)联合单唾液酸神经节苷脂治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月—2017年9月在湖北省中医院就诊的糖尿病周围神经病变患者64例,随机分成对照组(31例)和治疗组(33例)。对照组静脉滴注单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂钠注射液,40 mg溶于250 mL生理盐水,1次/d,连用2周,然后改为20 mg肌肉注射,维持2周。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注注射用血栓通(冻干),0.45 g溶于250 mL生理盐水,1次/d,连用4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者神经传导速度及血清NF-κB水平和多伦多临床神经病变评分(TCSS)。结果治疗后,对照组临床总有效率为61.29%,显著低于治疗组的84.84%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组胫前神经和腓总神经的感觉神经传导速度(SNCV)传导速度均显著增加,治疗组胫前神经和腓总神经的运动神经传导速度(MNCV)显著增加,同组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组上述神经传导速度明显快于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清NF-κB水平和TCSS均显著降低,同组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组比对照组降低更明显,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论注射用血栓通(冻干)联合神经节苷脂治疗糖尿病周围神经病变具有较好的疗效,可降低NF-κB水平,减轻患者神经炎症,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

电针对胰岛素抵抗肥胖大鼠能量调控信号瘦素的影响

目的:观察"标本配穴"电针对胰岛素抵抗肥胖大鼠能量调控信号瘦素(Leptin)及瘦素受体(OB-Rb)的影响,探究电针治疗肥胖可能存在的机制。方法:24只SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组,每组8只。以高脂饮食建立胰岛素抵抗肥胖大鼠模型。电针组于"中脘""关元""足三里""丰隆"给予电针治疗,每次30 min,隔日1次,持续8周。比较各组大鼠体质量、进食量、腹腔糖耐量(IPGTT)、腹腔胰岛素耐量(IPITT)、血清胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)含量的变化,用Western blot法检测小肠和下丘脑中Leptin及OB-Rb蛋白的表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量、进食量、IPGTT、IPITT AUC及血清TC、TG含量均明显升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),小肠和下丘脑Leptin蛋白含量明显升高(P<0.05),小肠和下丘脑OB-Rb蛋白含量明显下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组大鼠体质量、进食量、IPGTT、IPITT及血清TC、TG含量均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),小肠和下丘脑Leptin蛋白含量明显降低(P<0.05),小肠和下丘脑OB-Rb蛋白含量明显升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:电针可以通过上调OB-Rb的蛋白表达和增强Leptin与OB-Rb的结合力而改善Leptin抵抗,达到控制食欲、减轻体质量、降低血脂、改善胰岛素抵抗和维持能量平衡的目的。     

Gamma钉治疗股骨转子间骨折远端是否锁钉疗效比较

目的探讨Gamma钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折远端是否锁钉对疗效的影响。方法对144例稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者采用Gamma钉内固定,根据远端锁钉与否将患者分为远端未采用锁钉组(非锁钉组,70例)和远端采用锁钉组(锁钉组,74例)。观察两组患者手术时间、透视时间、输血量、住院时间、骨折复位质量、骨折愈合时间及并发症。结果两组均获得12个月随访。两组骨折复位质量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术时间、术中透视时间、输血量锁钉组明显长(多)于非锁钉组(P<0.001)。两组患者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用Gamma钉治疗稳定性股骨转子间骨折远端可以不行锁钉固定,不影响骨折愈合和临床疗效,还具有减少透视时间、手术时间、术后并发症等优点。     

Changes in the global spine alignment in the sitting position in an automobile

BACKGROUND CONTEXTStudies of the changes in spine alignment in the sitting position have been limited to specific spine segments. Because there have been few studies of global spinopelvic alignment in the sitting position, it is important to assess the changes associated with this position for such settings as developing future design of seats and achieving appropriate restoration of spine alignment.PURPOSEThis study aimed to measure changes in global spine alignment when people are sitting in car seats and to analyze the characteristics of those changes.STUDY DESIGNThis was a prospective, collaborative study of the radiological evaluation of changes in global spine alignment.PATIENT SAMPLEThe study included 113 asymptomatic adult participants (56 men and 57 women) without a history of spine disease or lower limb surgery, and with no current lower back or leg pain.OUTCOME MEASURESRadiographic findings were assessed by measurement of various angles: cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7-SVA), T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI), and T1 pelvic angle (TPA).METHODSRadiographs were obtained in the standing and sitting positions. The objective variables analyzed statistically were spine alignments (CL, TK, TLK, LL, C7-SVA, T1SPI, TPA, SS, PT, and PI) measured in the standing position, body alignments (CL, TK, TLK, LL, C7-SVA, T1SPI, TPA, SS, and PT) measured in the sitting position, and stand-to-sit changes (∆CL, ∆TK, ∆TLK, ∆LL, ∆C7-SVA, ∆T1SPI, ∆TPA, ∆SS, and ∆PT). Explanatory variables were sex, age, body height, and body mass index.RESULTSChanging posture from standing to sitting decreased CL by an average of 5.3°, slightly decreased TK by an average of 1.3°, increased TLK by an average of 6.8°, decreased LL by an average of 35°, decreased SS by an average of 49.2°, increased PT by an average of 49.2°, shifted C7-SVA backward by an average of 106.7 mm, decreased T1SPI by an average of 18.8°, and increased TPA by an average of 21.1°. Statistical analysis revealed that ΔLL was significantly decreased in elderly participants. After the stand-to-sit change, ΔTLK and ∆TPA were significantly increased in taller participants and ΔT1SPI was significantly decreased in taller participants.CONCLUSIONSAmong other changes, most notably LL is decreased and the pelvic tilt is increased when a person is sitting in a car seat. However, these changes in spine alignment differ with age and height. These findings may be useful for the development of future design of seats and for achieving appropriate surgical restoration of spine alignment.     

Arthroscopic Approaches to the Ankle Joint

This chapter reviews anterior and posterior arthroscopic approaches to the ankle and subtalar joints. The specific anatomy relevant to arthroscopy is reviewed including the major tendon, vascular, nerve and ligament structures along with the bony anatomy of the joints. A step by step discussion of portal placement, portal establishment, and diagnostic arthroscopy of the joints is presented, first for anterior approaches and then for posterior approaches.     

Imaging and morphology in reproductive toxicology – Progress to date and future directions

This review looks at the recent development and application of imaging techniques for the morphological examination of fetuses from preclinical regulatory reproductive toxicology studies. Full replacement of the examination methods currently used in routine studies (microdissection, Bouin's fluid fixation/sectioning and alizarin red S/alcian blue preparations) by imaging techniques has yet to be achieved. Progress, especially in the application of micro-CT for skeletal examination, has been made but challenges, particularly the financial investment required, remain.Despite this apparent lack of progress the application of imaging techniques to “non-routine” preclinical reproductive toxicology studies has been used to good effect. The ability to acquire multiple images over a time course i.e. longitudinally has enabled the fate, particularly of skeletal features, to be determined. The additional evidence gained from such studies can be used to better inform the prenatal developmental hazard assessment of test compounds.     

Distribution and ecological assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the East Lake, China

Concentrations and risk assessment of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) were investigated in 106 samples of surface sediments from the East Lake, China in this study. The mean concentration of Zn was highest among the eight heavy metals (225 mg kg^?1), followed by As (191 mg kg^?1), Cr (145 mg kg^?1), Cu (55 mg kg^?1), Ni (27.1 mg kg^?1), Pb (7.93 mg kg^?1), Cd (0.94 mg kg^?1) and Hg (0.21 mg kg^?1). Niuchao Hu was less polluted by heavy metals compare to the other four lakelets of the East Lake. The correlations among these heavy metals and the results of principal component analysis indicated that the distribution of Cd, Pb and Hg was related to anthropogenic activities, whereas Cu, As and Cr were affected by the parent rocks. Zinc and Ni were influenced both by anthropogenic activities and parent rocks. Based on the Sediment Quality Guidelines, the results of toxicity assessment indicated that adverse effects caused by Cr and As would be expected frequently. Nickel, Zn, Cd and Hg may cause adverse effects occasionally and Cu and Pb may cause toxicity infrequently. Arsenic was found to have the highest acute toxicity by toxic units (TUs), followed by Cr, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cu, Cd and Pb. The potential ecological risk index analysis indicated that As, Cd and Hg had considerable or high ecological risk, whereas Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb had low ecological risk. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of the heavy metals in the surface sediments of East Lake was 483, indicating considerable ecological risk. Close attention should be paid to pollution of the heavy metals in East Lake, China.     

Sodium dodecylsulfate-layered double hydroxide and its use in the adsorption of 17β-estradiol in wastewater

Modified Mg₃Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with dodecylsulfate anion composites, which were designated as SDS-LDH composites, were synthesized by coprecipitation. The samples were characterized using SEM, EDX, FT-IR, zeta potential analysis, and XRD. The results showed that the SDS-LDH composites contain a thicker and larger porous interconnected network than inorganic LDH due to the enlarged inter-layer distance. The outstanding adsorption performance of SDS-LDH composites toward 17β-estradiol (E2) was investigated under different conditions, including solution pH, adsorbent dosage, ion strength, reaction time, and temperature. When the solution pH was 7 and the adsorbent dosage was 2 g L⁻¹, the removal rate of E2 reached the maximum at 94%, whereas inorganic LDH displayed a poor E2 removal rate of 10%. The presence of various ions (Na⁺, SO₄²⁻, CI⁻, and H₂PO₄⁻) in aqueous solution exerted no significant adverse effects on the adsorption process. The adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 min, and the adsorption fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic test revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Phosphorus was selected as the index for evaluating the adsorption capacity of SDS-LDH composites for inorganic ions. The removal rates of total phosphorus and PO₄³⁻ were 43.71% and 55.93% for SDS-LDH composites at 2 g L⁻¹. The removal rate of PO₄³⁻ reached up to 85% when the contact time was 120 min and the dosage was 3 g L⁻¹ for SDS-LDH composites, which were approximately close to those of inorganic LDH of 30 min and 2 g L⁻¹, respectively. This finding indicates that the removal capacity of SDS-LDH composites for PO₄³⁻ decreased after the dodecylsulfate anions intercalated into the interlayer. The composites retained their high efficiency and stability after desorption and regeneration with alkali treatment. This study demonstrated that SDS-LDH composites are a promising adsorbent for the recovery and abatement of trace-level E2 in secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants.

SDS-LDH composites were synthesized by coprecipitation. The composites are promising adsorbents for the recovery and abatement of trace-level E2 in secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants.     

Novel oligopeptide nanoprobe for targeted cancer cell imaging

Here we designed and constructed a tryptophan-phenylalanine-phenylalanine-tryptophan (WFFW) tetrapeptide, which generated photostable and tunable fluorescence emission signals from 340 nm to 500 nm. The WFFW tetrapeptide could self-assemble into a spherical nanostructure with enhanced fluorescence intensity. Driven by π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interaction, WFFW co-assembled with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) modified WFFW to form a cancer-targeted fluorescent nanoprobe, which could selectively image the cancer cells.

Co-assembly of WFFW tetrapeptide and RGDWFFW heptapeptide generated the photostable and fluorescence-tunable nanoprobe, which could selectively image the cancer cells.