A mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma: ectopic expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 in skeletal muscle of transgenic mice

Most mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma have expressed growth factors and oncogenes under the control of a liver-specific promoter. In contrast, we describe here the formation of liver tumors in transgenic mice overexpressing human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) in skeletal muscle. FGF19 transgenic mice had elevated hepatic alpha-fetoprotein mRNA as early as 2 months of age, and hepatocellular carcinomas were evident by 10 months of age. Increased proliferation of pericentral hepatocytes was demonstrated by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation in the FGF19 transgenic mice before tumor formation and in nontransgenic mice injected with recombinant FGF19 protein. Areas of small cell dysplasia were initially evident pericentrally, and dysplastic/neoplastic foci throughout the hepatic lobule were glutamine synthetase-positive, suggestive of a pericentral origin. Consistent with chronic activation of the Wingless/Wnt pathway, 44% of the hepatocellular tumors from FGF19 transgenic mice had nuclear staining for beta-catenin. Sequencing of the tumor DNA encoding beta-catenin revealed point mutations that resulted in amino acid substitutions. These findings suggest a previously unknown role for FGF19 in hepatocellular carcinomas.     

DNA连接酶及相关检测技术研究进展

核酸检测技术已被广泛应用于分子遗传学、微生物学、免疫学和肿瘤学等方面的临床诊断.聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术大大促进了病原体、基因突变和基因型的分子诊断方法的发展,它将在临床诊断与分析中起着越来越重要的作用.     

血管内皮生长因子促进小鼠胚胎干细胞的造血分化

目的：研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)体外促进小鼠胚胎干细胞系ES-D3向造血分化的能力。方法：先将ES-D3形成拟胚体，将拟胚体细胞转入含不同浓度的VEGF和VEGF+SCF的培养基中。实验分6组，分别为VEGF 5 μg/L组、VEGF 10 μg/L组、VEGF 20 μg/L组、VEGF 5 μg/L＋SCF组、VEGF 10 μg/L＋SCF组、VEGF 20 μg/L＋SCF组，同时设不加因子的自发分化对照组。RT-PCR检测造血转录基因GATA-2和早期造血细胞基因c-kit和β-H1的表达，流式细胞仪检测CD34+细胞，甲基纤维素半固体培养法检测生成造血集落的能力。结果：经过1周的诱导培养，实验组生成的细胞可以表达GATA-2、c-kit和β-H1，CD34＋细胞的比例也升高，并可形成造血祖细胞的集落。从诱导生成CD34＋细胞的比例和生成的集落数量看，VEGF联合SCF组的诱导效率要高于VEGF单用组和对照组，其中以VEGF 20 μg/L＋SCF组和VEGF 10 μg/L＋SCF组的诱导效率最高。结论：VEGF能够促进ESC的早期造血分化，尤以与SCF合用时，其诱导效率更高。     

先兆子痫患者HLA-DQA1、-DQB1、-DPA1基因多态性

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DQ-A1、DQB1、DPA1基因多态性与先兆子痫发病的关系。方法:采用序列特异性引物技术(PCRSSP)对46例先兆子痫患者和105例正常孕妇及其新生儿进行HLA-DQ-DPA1等位基因分型。结果:所有标本共检出11种HLADQA1基因表型、16种HLADQB1基因表型、6种HLADPA1基因表型。先兆子痫患者HLA-DQ-B10301基因频率高于正常孕妇,差异有显著性(Pc=0.032,RR=2.43,AR=0.30),其余各基因表型频率两组比较差异均无显著性。结论:HLADQB10301基因可能是一种先兆子痫发病的易感基因。     

借助移相法采用多部CCD数码相机提高帧率的技术

对于科学研究工作来说，时间分辨率和空间分辨率都是十分重要的，在设计相应的图像处理系统时必须两者兼顾。对于生命科学及工业等领域而言，希望图像处理系统不仅有较高的时间分辨率，还要有较高的空间分辨率。本文提出一种利用多部CCD数码相机、采用移相法获取高分辨牢和高摄录帧率的技术，此技术可应用于普通CCD数码相机组成的复合摄录系统。     

Synergistic antimicrobial effect of cefotaxime and minocycline on proinflammatory cytokine levels in a murine model of Vibrio vulnificus infection.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vibrio vulnificus causes primary bacteremia and necrotizing wound infection, leading to high morbidity and mortality in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of cefotaxime and minocycline on proinflammatory cytokine levels in a murine model of V. vulnificus infection. METHODS: We investigated the dynamics of proinflammatory cytokines and their modulation by antimicrobial agents using a murine model of V. vulnificus infection. The change in cytokine levels was followed over a time course to identify the antimicrobial activity of the drugs against V. vulnificus. BALB/c female mice were challenged with an intraperitoneal infection using a clinical invasive isolate of Vv05191, and their cytokine levels were assayed over various time points. RESULTS: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and IL-6 post-infection were found to be inoculum dose-dependent and positively correlated to the subsequent fatality rate in the infected mice. With an inoculum of 6.6 x 10(6) colony-forming units and intraperitoneal administration of cefotaxime, minocycline, or both, the serum and peritoneal fluid cytokine levels increased and then declined gradually. Comparison of the 3 antimicrobial regimens revealed that the magnitude of reduction in cytokine levels was greatest in mice treated with cefotaxime-minocycline combination. Moreover, the peritoneal fluid cytokine level in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the groups treated with minocycline or cefotaxime alone. CONCLUSIONS: The current results support the superiority of the combination therapy in treating invasive V. vulnificus infections.     

高压静电场照射雏鸡免疫器官的细胞免疫变化

目的探讨不同性质高压静电场对雏鸡免疫器官细胞免疫变化的影响。方法用组织化学染色及细胞培养技术和MTT测定法对高压静电场照射雏鸡免疫器官的T细胞数量及其对ConA增殖功能的动态变化进行了检测。结果高压正静电场照射雏鸡免疫器官的T细胞数量及其增殖功能明显高于高压负静电场照射雏鸡和对照雏鸡；而高压负静电场照射雏鸡免疫器官的上述各项检测指标均不同程度的低于对照雏鸡。结论高压正静电场照射对雏鸡免疫器官的细胞免疫功能有促进作用，而高压负静电场照射可使雏鸡免疫器官的细胞免疫功能降低或减弱。     

启动子区5′CpG岛去甲基化对人结肠癌细胞生物学表型的影响

目的：探讨DNA启动子区5′CpG岛甲基化状态与人结肠癌RKO细胞增殖凋亡等生物学特征的关系。方法： 应用特异性DNA甲基转移酶（DNMTs）抑制剂-5-氮-2′-脱氧胞苷（5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine，5-Aza-CdR）处理肠癌RKO细胞72 h，甲基化特异性PCR（methylation-specific PCR,MSP）及DNA测序法分析p16/CDKN2基因CpG岛甲基化状态；MTT、FCM、荧光染色及透射电镜检测启动子区去甲基化后细胞生长、形态和细胞周期凋亡的影响。 结果： DNMTs抑制剂能较好地逆转启动子区胞嘧啶甲基化状态；CpG岛去甲基化后能明显地抑制肠癌细胞的生长，增加细胞群体倍增时间（P<0.01），诱导肠癌细胞凋亡，影响肠癌细胞周期分布，并具有良好的量效依赖关系。 结论： 通过逆转CpG岛高甲基化能有效地抑制肠癌细胞增殖，为临床治疗大肠癌提供新的作用靶点。     

巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1-α、解整合素样-金蛋白酶8、12 和CD68蛋白在颌骨巨细胞病变及长骨骨巨细胞瘤中的表达

目的检测巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1-α(MIP-1α)、解整合素样-金属蛋白酶(ADAM)8、12和CD68在颌骨巨细胞病变和长骨骨巨细胞瘤中的表达,探讨其在这两种巨细胞病变中的多核巨细胞发生中的作用.方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测24例颌骨中心性巨细胞病变,24例长骨骨巨细胞瘤石蜡组织中的MIP-1α、ADAM8、ADAM12和CD68蛋白的表达.结果 MIP-1α在24例颌骨中心性巨细胞病变和24例长骨骨巨细胞瘤中的血管、类骨质和新骨形成区中强表达,而在多核巨细胞和圆形单核细胞中为阴性;ADAM8、ADAM12和CD68在颌骨中心性巨细胞肉芽肿和长骨骨巨细胞瘤中几乎所有多核巨细胞和部分圆形单核基质细胞均为阳性.结论颌骨中心性巨细胞病变和长骨骨巨细胞瘤中的多核巨细胞可能由CD68+的圆形单核基质细胞融合而成,这些圆形单核细胞可能是由骨微环境中的趋化因子,募集外周血中循环的单核细胞到病变局部分化而成的具有破骨细胞前体细胞性质的细胞,继而在某些融合蛋白作用下发生融合,成熟为多核破骨样巨细胞.