NLRP3炎性小体在椎间盘退变中的作用和靶向治疗进展

<正>椎间盘退变(intervertebral disc degeneration,IDD)是引起腰背痛的主要原因,全球有75%～85%的老年腰背痛患者由IDD导致^[1、2]。中国慢性腰背痛的整体患病率为27.6%,男性高于女性,且有年轻化的趋势,给患者和家庭带来了巨大的经济负担,俨然成为一项的重大公共卫生问题^[3、4]。IDD的发病机制复杂多维,至今尚未完全阐明,其治疗以保守和手术治疗为主,在根除患者腰背部疼痛、恢复脊柱功能和避免疼痛复发等方面疗效欠佳^[5]。     

人工智能在骨质疏松症中应用的研究进展

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis, OP)是一种与增龄相关的骨骼疾患,其起病隐匿,呈渐进性发展,患者初期无明显的临床表现,但随着病情的进展,骨量不断流失及骨组织微结构破坏,进而出现骨痛、脊柱变形,甚至出现骨质疏松性骨折(osteoporotic fracture, OPF)等严重并发症。双能X线吸收法是目前临床诊断OP的金标准,但由于其诊断的准确度受到体重、腰椎退行性改变及主动脉壁钙化等因素的影响,存在假阴性诊断的可能。近年来,人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI)在医学领域快速发展,目前AI已广泛应用于OP的研究中,其在OP筛查、诊断及预测领域的研究已成为一个新的热点。该文从AI应用于OP的早期筛查、医学影像学表现、临床诊疗资料及OPF风险预测等4个方面,阐述AI在OP诊疗过程中的应用现状及优势,为OP的精准诊疗提供新方向。     

经皮激光气化减压术治疗腰椎间盘突出症不同输出功率疗效的比较

目的探讨不同激光输出功率对经皮激光椎间盘汽化减压术(percutancous laser disc decompression,PLDD)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的作用。方法回顾性分析2015年2月至2016年6月,单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者63例,根据不同的功率10 W(A组)、15 W(B组)、20 W(C组)随机分为三组,每组21例患者,进行PLDD治疗,激光总能量3 500 J。记录术中激光手术的时间、术中出现不适症状次数,比较分析三组患者术前、术后1周、术后3个月时ODI功能障碍评价(Oswestry disability index,ODI)。结果 A、B和C组患者PLDD手术时间分别(8.90±1.3)min、(6.48±0.9)min和(5.76±0.9)min,A组与B、C组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B和C组患者术中出现不适症状次数分别为(0.71±0.6)次、(1.24±0.7)次和(2.62±1.0)次,A、B两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A、B两组与C组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组术前、术后3个月ODI评分进行组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1周A、B组与C组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);不同时间点A、B和C组ODI评分进行组内比较,均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用激光输出功率15 W时,进行PLDD治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有缩短治疗时间、减少治疗过程中出现的不适症状、术后短期内患者症状较快缓解等优势。     

基于“乙癸同源”理论探讨绝经后骨质疏松症的中医药治疗

绝经后骨质疏松症(PMOP)的西医治疗大多采用激素替代疗法(HRT),有良好的临床疗效,但副作用明显,中医药在骨质疏松症的治疗中具有疗效确凿及副作用小等明显优势,值得在临床推广应用。但如何探索有效的中医药治疗方案的经典指导理论,是发挥中医药治疗优势的重要内容。通过对古籍文献中"乙癸同源"理论的认识,探讨该理论与绝经后骨质疏松症的相关性,并与现代研究相结合,从该病的病因病机出发,基于"乙癸同源"的经典理论,针对肝肾亏虚的基本病因病机,发挥其对绝经后骨质疏松症治疗的理论指导作用,指导临床对绝经后骨质疏松症治疗的中医药使用,从根本上对患者进行中医药干预,能够达到治病求本的目的,为绝经后骨质疏松症的治疗提供有效的理论依据。     

新型C形椎管内骨折块复位器治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床研究

目的:评估自制C型椎管内骨折块复位器在胸腰椎骨折后路手术中的疗效及应用价值。方法:36例病人手术前CT及MRI提示胸腰椎骨折并伴有椎体后缘骨折块突入椎管压迫脊髓,行后路切开复位椎弓根钉棒系统内固定+全椎板减压,用自制C型椎管内骨折块复位器在后侧方推挤使椎体后缘骨折块复位,达到恢复椎管容积的目的,并自体骨横突间植骨,术后随访以评价脊柱矫形、椎管占位、复位及神经功能恢复情况(Frankel分级法)。结果:术后X光平片、CT检查36例椎管容积均恢复至正常80%以上,。术后随访6~72月(平均24月),未发生椎体后突畸形,Frankel分级平均进步1~2级。结论:自制C形椎管内骨折块复位器扩大了胸腰椎骨折后路手术治疗适应证范围,复位效果确切,操作简便安全,值得推广。     

中药熥敷保健颈托的研制及临床应用

目的:研制一种治疗颈椎病的中药熥敷保健颈托,并观察其临床疗效.方法:中药熥敷保健颈托由普通颈托与中药熥敷合剂药袋组成,药袋粘贴入特制的颈托凹陷内.选择160例颈椎病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用佩戴中药熥敷保健颈托治疗,对照组采用奇正炎痛贴治疗,2个疗程后观察疗效.结果:观察组治愈率和有效率分别为72.5%和9...     

后方入路经椎旁病灶清除椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎结核42例

目的：探讨后方入路经椎旁病灶清除、植骨、椎弓根钉内固定技术治疗胸、腰椎结核的疗效。方法：对42例胸腰椎结核患者采用后方入路经椎旁病灶清除、植骨、椎弓根钉内固定术,术后定期随访,观察近、远期疗效。结果：所有切口一期愈合,全部病例植骨骨性融合,神经损害有1～2级的改善,脊柱后凸畸形有不同程度纠正,结核无局部复发。结论：后方入路经椎旁病灶清除、植骨、椎弓根钉内固定术是治疗胸腰椎结核简便、有效、安全的方法。     

旋转手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症研究进展

腰椎间盘突出症是临床常见病症。旋转手法是腰椎间盘突出症非手术治疗的常用手法之一,近年来得到广泛的运用和深入的研究。本文就近年来该手法在腰椎间盘突出症中的运用与研究进展做一总结,以便更好的指导临床应用,提高该法治疗腰突症的安全性和有效性。     

周期性牵张椎间盘纤维环细胞肌动蛋白骨架的重排

BACKGROUND: When the intervertebral disc is under stress, the hydraulic pressure generated inside the nucleus pulposus makes the annulus fibrosus extend outward and expand, and the annulus collagen fibers are stretched so that the extracellular matrix of annulus fibrosus cells is also under the pressure. In the intervertebral disc, aggrecan is the main component of proteoglycans, matrix metalloproteinase-2 is a major enzyme for extracellular matrix degradation, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase is a multifunctional specific inhibition factor for matrix metalloproteinase activity. There is a mutual regulation between the latter two to keep the homeostasis between them. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of cyclic tensile strain in the metabolism of intervertebral disc annulus matrix. METHODS: Rat anulus fibrosus cells were subjected to 2% or 10% cyclic tensile strain at 1.0 Hz for 2 and 12 hours using Flexcell4000 tension system. Then cells were collected and cultured in conditioned medium for gene and protein detection. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2. Gelatin zymography was used to detect matrix metalloproteinases-2 activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The use of 2% cyclic tensile strain had no obvious effect on the stress fiber of actin cytoskeleton, whereas actin cytoskeleton was depolymerized in response to 10% cyclic tensile strain. The 2% cyclic tensile strain raised the expression of Aggrecan at 12 hours; whereas raised the matrix metalloproteinases-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 at 2 hours, both of which were in homeostasis; matrix metalloproteinases-2 activity had no significant changes. 10% cyclic tensile strain had no effect on the mRNA expression of Aggrecan. No matter stretching 2 or 12 hours, the matrix metalloproteinases-2 was up-regulated, and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was down-regulated, both of which were not in balance. Moreover, the matrix metalloproteinases-2 activity was not significantly changed. These findings indicate that the mRNA expressions of Aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 alter in response to cyclic tensile strain in rat anulus fibrosus cells, and the tensile strain induces different mechano-responses in the actin cytoskeleton.      

经皮激光汽化减压术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用进展

微创介入手术做为治疗腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)的有效方式在临床治疗中已得到肯定,其中经皮激光汽化减压术(percutaneous laser disc decompression,PLDD)是微创介入手术中较为理想的一种治疗方式。自1987年首次在临床应用并取得较好的疗效以来,PLDD治疗LDH已有20多年历史,本文就PLDD的研究背景及治疗原理、适应证及禁忌证、PLDD手术的应用现况、最新进展、存在的问题及展望等进行简要综述。