小切口单侧固定的经椎间孔椎体间融合治疗下腰椎退行性疾病中期疗效评价

Objective To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with unilateral pedicle screw fixation for lower lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods From April 2004 to December 2005, minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation was performed in a consecutive series of 43 patients, including 24 male and 19 female, aging from 38 to 71 years, with an average age of 49 years. The length of surgical incision was 3 cm. The operation level at L3.4 were 3 cases, L4.5 27 cases,L5-S1 13 cases and no case was at multilevel. Clinical outcomes were assessed by ODI scores and JOA questionnaires before and after operation. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision status and complications were recorded. Radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space, postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and the degeneration of adjacent segments. Results The mean operation time was 110 minutes, the mean blood loss was 150 ml and all the incisions were healed primarily. The follow-up time ranged from 36 to 58 months. The ODI scores decreased significantly from 60 ± 10 preoperatively to 12 ±4 postoperatively(P < 0. 01). The JOA scores were improved remarkably from 9. 6±2. 2 preoperatively to 23. 8±2.0 postoperatively ( P < 0. 01 ) and the proportion with optimal effect was 86%. The ventral and dorsal heights of intervertebral disc were significantly higher than those before operation ( P < 0. 01). The fusion rate was 94%. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was 17%. There were no complications such as secondary scoliosis, screw loosening, internal fixation failure and cage slippage. Conclusions The minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an effective and convenient method with little surgical trauma. The mid-term follow up results showed favorable outcomes in patients receiving this surgery.     

弹性髓内钉与加压钢板治疗儿童尺桡骨双骨折的比较

目的 比较弹性髓内钉(ESIN)与加压钢板治疗不稳定型及手法复位失败的儿童尺桡骨双骨折的疗效.方法 自2004年2月至2007年12月,按一定的入选标准和排除标准,回顾分析50例手术治疗的儿童前臂尺桡骨双骨折,其中22例行ESIN内固定,28例行加压钢板内固定,对两组进行半年以上的随访,并对两组术中结果、术后的影像学结果、临床疗效结果及并发症进行对比分析.结果 ESIN组在手术时间上短于钢板组,差异有统计学意义;两组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义.ESIN组和钢板组术后3个月桡骨愈合率分别为81.8%和71.4%.术后6个月尺骨愈合率分别为95.5%和96.4%、桡骨愈合率分别为100%和96.4%,前臂旋转受限发生率分别为18.2%和21.4%,并发症发生率分别为13.6%和17.9%,差异均无统计学意义.而ESIN组和钢板组术后3个月尺骨愈合率分别为36.4%和71.4%,两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).末次随访时,ESIN组和钢板组最大桡骨弓大小分别为(7.0±3.5)%及(6.8±2.4)%,两组差异无统计学意义;而最大桡骨弓位置分别为(71.2±7.8)%及(63.8±3.6)%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),钢板组更接近正常儿童组.结论 弹性髓内钉在治疗儿童前臂尺桡骨双骨折中,具有微创,手术时间短,二期取出内固定方便等优点,但存在尺骨延迟愈合及不愈合的风险.     

不同骨折端加压技术的加压行为和效果

目的通过测量不同内固定技术在骨生物力学研究替代材料断端获得的压力,比较不同内固定技术在治疗骨折时的加压效果。方法在骨生物力学研究替代材料上制作不同骨折断端类型,测量两种常用骨折断端内固定加压技术获得的压力作为对照组,测量4种不同内固定加压技术获得的压力作为实验组,将实验组和对照组获得的断端间加压力进行比较。结果对照组1和实验组2、对照组1和实验组3、对照组2和实验组2加压效果比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。其他实验组和对照组加压效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复位钳加压后置入1枚位置螺钉获得的加压效果,比拉力螺钉技术获得的加压效果差,在骨折手术中要尽量避免使用此种方法;在缺少标准加压器械的情况下,复位钳加压后置入两枚位置螺钉,或许可以成为替代拉力螺钉技术的加压方法;偏心螺钉技术在横行断面和短斜形断面获得的加压效果相当;拉力螺钉技术与偏心螺钉技术在斜形45°断面获得的加压效果相当。     

锁骨钩钢板与双Endobutton钢板治疗肩锁关节脱位的对比研究

目的 比较双Endobutton钢板与AO锁骨钩钢板治疗Rockwood Ⅲ～Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的疗效.方法 2008年2月至2008年12月,收治38例Rockwood Ⅲ～Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位患者.其中18例应用双Endobutton钢板治疗,男12例,女6例;年龄(38.5±6.2)岁;左侧10例,右侧8例;RockwoodⅢ型13例,Ⅳ型2例,Ⅴ型3例.20例应用AO锁骨钩钢板治疗,男14例,女6例;年龄(34.8±5.9)岁;左侧11例,右侧9例;Rockwood Ⅲ型13例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型4例.术前两组患者一般资料具有可比性.分别对两组患者术中及住院期间的各项指标、术后的影像学结果 、临床疗效结果 及并发症进行对比分析.结果 锁骨钩钢板组的手术时间相对较短、术中平均失血量较少,而切口长度相对较长.术后双Endobutton钢板组的肩部疼痛发生率低于锁骨钩钢板组,肩关节外展活动度优于锁骨钩钢板组.锁骨钩钢板组易出现肩关节疼痛及肩关节活动受限.在切口感染及内固定松动方面两组差异无统计学意义.术后根据Karlsson评定标准,双Endobutton钢板组优14例,良3例,差1例,优良率为95%;锁骨钩钢板组优9例,良6例,差5例,优良率为75%.结论 双Endobutton钢板在治疗Rockwood Ⅲ～Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的总体疗效与锁骨钩钢板相当,但是其术后肩关节疼痛及肩关节活动受限发生率低,有利于早期进行功能锻炼.     

小切口单侧固定的经椎间孔椎体间融合治疗下腰椎退行性疾病中期疗效评价

Objective To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with unilateral pedicle screw fixation for lower lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods From April 2004 to December 2005, minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation was performed in a consecutive series of 43 patients, including 24 male and 19 female, aging from 38 to 71 years, with an average age of 49 years. The length of surgical incision was 3 cm. The operation level at L3.4 were 3 cases, L4.5 27 cases,L5-S1 13 cases and no case was at multilevel. Clinical outcomes were assessed by ODI scores and JOA questionnaires before and after operation. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision status and complications were recorded. Radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space, postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and the degeneration of adjacent segments. Results The mean operation time was 110 minutes, the mean blood loss was 150 ml and all the incisions were healed primarily. The follow-up time ranged from 36 to 58 months. The ODI scores decreased significantly from 60 ± 10 preoperatively to 12 ±4 postoperatively(P < 0. 01). The JOA scores were improved remarkably from 9. 6±2. 2 preoperatively to 23. 8±2.0 postoperatively ( P < 0. 01 ) and the proportion with optimal effect was 86%. The ventral and dorsal heights of intervertebral disc were significantly higher than those before operation ( P < 0. 01). The fusion rate was 94%. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was 17%. There were no complications such as secondary scoliosis, screw loosening, internal fixation failure and cage slippage. Conclusions The minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an effective and convenient method with little surgical trauma. The mid-term follow up results showed favorable outcomes in patients receiving this surgery.