早期糖尿病视网膜病变的视网膜电图分析

目的 分析早期糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的闪光视网膜电图(F—ERG)和视网膜电图震荡电位(OPs)各参数的变化特点，寻找反映早期DR的敏感指标。方法 对16例(32只眼)正常人进行OPs和F-ERG检测。对27例(53只眼)糖尿病病人进行眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)、OPs和F—ERG检测。结果 OPs中Os波幅、O4波幅、OPs总波幅及F-ERG中b波峰潜时较其他指标敏感，其中O4波幅和b波峰潜时为最敏感指标，但均不能反映早期DR的严重程度。结论 OPs的O4波幅和F—ERG的b波峰潜时可作为早期糖尿病视网膜病变诊断的敏感指标。     

Carotid sinus nerve blockade to reduce blood pressure instability following carotid endarterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Local anaesthetic infiltration into the carotid sinus during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been recommended to minimise blood pressure fluctuations but its use remains controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether intra-operative administration of local anaesthetic reduces the incidence of haemodynamic instability following CEA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the Medline, Pubmed and Embase databases and the Current Controlled Trials register identified four trials, which met the pre-defined inclusion criteria for data extraction. Pooled odds ratios with 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.) for the development of post-operative hypotension and hypertension were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Outcomes of 432 patients were studied. Local anaesthetic blockade of the carotid sinus was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.25 (95 per cent c.i. 0.496 to 3.15); p=0.216) and 1.28 (95 per cent c.i. 0.699 to 2.33; p=0.428) for the development of post-operative hypotension and hypertension respectively. Although none reach significance there was a trend towards increased risk of developing a complication in those patients who received local anaesthetic. CONCLUSIONS: There are insufficient data to determine the role of intra-operative local anaesthetic administration in reducing post-operative blood pressure lability following CEA. Conversely, the possibility of harm cannot be excluded on the basis of the currently available data.     

应用前列腺素E1注射治疗勃起功能障碍8年经验

目的观察前列腺素E1(PGE1)注射治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)的长期疗效、副作用及预后。方法使用PGE1行阴茎海绵体注射,阴茎硬度检查仪(Rigiscan)连续记录1h,并根据观察结果,调查PGE1注射剂量,确定每例患者合适的注射量,掌握注射方法后回家自行注射。共筛选出ED患者410例,随访患者阴茎勃起情况、药量调整和副作用。结果410例ED患者中,心理性139例,静脉性83例,动脉性36例,神经性78例,混合性74例。对治疗满意的患者有256例(62.44%),其中21例(5.1%)在使用PGE15次后停用,并能达到满意的性生活而治愈。293例(71.46%)患者自述注射时有胀痛感。171例(43.17%)因疼痛(105例)、操作不便(25例)、副作用顾虑(37例)和其他原因(4例)而于6个月后放弃治疗。204例(49.76%)患者使用时间已超过1年,24例(5.85%)患者使用时间已超过5年,7例(1.7%)使用已有8年。未发现阴茎异常勃起和阴茎海绵体纤维化。注射损伤阴茎表面血管致瘀斑者有20例。有27例患者失访。结论PGE1是治疗ED的一种安全有效的药物,可以长期使用。其最常见的副作用是阴茎疼痛。Rigiscan能帮助确定PGE1的注射剂量。     

Feasibility of establishing cerebral ischemia models by using aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery of piglets Imaging assessment

BACKGROUND: The cerebral ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion animal models are used to simulate the human cerebrovascular diseases is one of the popular topics of neurological science recently. To study the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and to establish the ideal animal model that is the most similar to the human cerebral ischemia, are the topics that the people generally cared about. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery on the establishment of cerebral ischemia models by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). DESIGN: Repetitive measure animal experiment. SETTING: Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory (Provincial Laboratory), Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian Univeristy from January to May 2006. A total of 14 domestic piglets, of 6 months old, weighing 12–15 kg, of either gender, were selected from Animal Experimental Center, Dalian University. Multistar T.O.P digital subtraction angiography machine was provided by Siemens Company, German. METHODS: Aerocyst-blocking bilateral ascending pharyngeal artery was used to establish cerebral ischemia models. And then, Multistar T.O.P. DSA was used for imaging of cerebral vessels before blocking, during blocking and at 0.5 and 2 hours after ischemia perfusion. GE Signa 1.5 T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging was used for DWI examination; in addition, PWI was used based on focal sites and areas. Otherwise, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to detect signal changes of T1WI and T2WI in ischemic areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analytic results of DSA, DWI, PWI and MRI. RESULTS: All 14 experimental piglets were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA: The blood flow of bilateral ascending pharyngeal arteries and its branch were blocked at blocking phase, which restored 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion. ② DWI and PWI: There were no observable abnormalities in PWI and DWI at pre-blocking. Abnormal increased signals were found on both DWI and PWI at during and post-blocking. There were reduction in ADC and rCBF and delay in rTTP at all time points except pre-blocking. ③ MRI: There were no abnormal signals observable at any time of pre- and post-blocking in T1WI and T2WI. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to establish this kind of animal experimental models, and it can simulate the ischemic state; meanwhile, the existence and extent can be showed directly by DSA, DWI, and PWI.     

NT-proBNP的检测在急性心肌梗死中的应用

目的探讨N末端B型脑钠尿肽（NT-proBNP）在急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的临床应用价值。方法应用电化学发光法检测急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者53例血中NT-proBNP的水平变化,分析其与心功能分级的关系。对照组为健康体检者24例,均已排除心、脑血管疾病。结果急性ST段抬高型心肌梗塞患者血中NT-proBNP水平显著高于正常心功能对照组（P〈0.01）。患病组心功能≥Ⅱ级组血NT-proBNP显著高于心功能Ⅰ级组,心功能Ⅰ～Ⅳ级患者组各组间血清NT-proBNP水平差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,随着心功能级数递增,NT-proBNP水平增高。NT-proBNP与Killip分级呈正相关。结论AMI后心脏钠尿肽系统激活,其改变与心功能损伤程度有关,因此NT-proBNP的测定可为临床诊断提供依据。     

PR01“A PICTURE SPEAKS A THOUSAND WORDS”– THE USE OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE INTERNET IN MONITORING FREE TISSUE TRANSFER

Purpose Post operative monitoring is crucial for the success of microsurgical free tissue transfer. Sophisticated and expensive methods are available for monitoring. We propose a novel technique using digital photography and the internet as a reliable and cost effective method to monitor free tissue transfers. Methods 163 micro‐vascular procedures were monitored using this technique over 8 months. Serial photographs taken to show flap color. Capillary refill time, pin prick‐ bleed time and color and hand held Doppler signal was recorded in the movie mode of a standard 5 mega pixel camera with duration of 15 seconds. Data was sent to the surgeon at regular intervals and or as deemed necessary. Results Analysis of the 67 cases is presented. 5 re‐explorations were done. The early diagnosis of venous congestion was possible using this technique. Timely intervention contributed to the success of the re‐explorations and these flaps could be salvaged. The file size of images was in the range of 1 MB–6 MB. The file size of an entire set of images ranged about 7 MB–9 MB. These were sent across the ADSL internet lines. Conclusion The use of the digital images and the internet allow reconstructive surgeons to have a reliable picture of the state of their free tissue transfers. This permits decrease in observer error and saves valuable time which otherwise needs to be spent to verify situations of doubt and offers an ideal solution to the logistic problem of having to visit the patient in case of doubt.     

多部位采血快速血糖仪的临床应用

目的:探讨多部位采血快速血糖仪检测大鱼际毛细血管葡萄糖用于糖尿病患者血糖监测的准确性及优缺点。方法:对我科47例住院糖尿病患者在知情同意后进行血糖检测。行正常餐实验,在空腹时和正常餐后2h分别采静脉血用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖、采手指血用乐康全血糖仪测定血糖、采手掌大鱼际血用Free- style多部位采血血糖仪检测血糖;同时进行采血疼痛感和使用方便性的主观调查,分最好、好、一般和差4级,转换为数字1、2、3、4进行评价。结果:3组的空腹血糖值差异无显著性(P>0.05);餐后2h血糖差异有显著性(P<0.05)。3组的空腹血糖及餐后2h血糖均有良好的线性相关(r=0.759～0.795,P<0.001)。3个部位的测试结果间均呈良好的线性相关,决定系数(R~2)=0.576～0.651(P<0.001)。两种血糖仪的使用方便性无明显差异.指尖采血的疼痛性要强于手掌大鱼际采血(P<0.05)。结论:多部位快速血糖仪(Freestyle)手掌大鱼际采血检测血糖的结果可靠,是糖尿病患者长期监测血糖的一种较为准确、方便、痛苦较少的方法。     

实时双平面超声心动图初步临床应用研究

目的　探讨实时双平面超声心动图的临床应用价值。方法　对 83例受检者进行实时双平面超声 (BP)检查 ,其中男 46例 ,女 3 7例 ,平均年龄 2 0 92± 19 16岁。正常人 10例 ,先天性心脏病 44例 ,心瓣膜病 2 6例 ,其他心脏病变3例。结果　实时双平面超声有助于理解心脏立体解剖 ;能通过有限的声窗获得更多的切面 ,并可显示常规经胸超声不易得到的切面 ;多切面显示心脏瓣膜及其病变 ,有利于获得瓣膜狭窄或关闭不全的最佳观察平面 ;多切面显示房、室间隔缺损 ,便于寻找缺损的最佳显示切面以及与毗邻结构的关系。房、室间隔缺损BP、2DE测值与手术测值均有良好相关性 ;室间隔缺损BP测值与手术测值无显著性差异 ;BP、2DE均有低估房间隔缺损大小的倾向。实时双平面超声能同时显示复杂先心病的多种解剖畸形 ,有利于确定房室连接 ;辨认主、肺动脉。结论　实时双平面超声有其独特的优势 ,可为心血管疾病的准确诊断提供更多的信息。     

成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨成人门静脉海绵样变性的诊断方法和治疗。方法　对 31例成人门静脉海绵样变性患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 31例患者术前均有出血史 ,术前均经超声检查提示肝脏正常及门静脉海绵样变性 ,经脾穿刺门静脉造影或选择性肠系膜上动脉造影确诊。 12例行脾动脉结扎、胃冠状静脉及分支结扎、肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行脾 肾静脉架桥术。 8例已切脾断流后再出血患者 ,结扎冠状静脉主干后 ,6例行肠 腔C型架桥术 ,1例行肠系膜下静脉 下腔静脉C型架桥术 ,1例因静脉曲张和出血部位在空肠上段而行空肠节段切除术。 6例行脾 腔架桥术 ,2例行改良脾 肺固定术 ,脾 肾架桥术和门静脉 下腔静脉架桥术各 1例 ,1例行脾切除加贲门周围血管离断术。术后随访 6个月～ 4年 (随访率 10 0 % ) ,食管胃底曲张静脉均减轻或消失 ,无再出血和肝性脑病发生。结论　多普勒超声检查和经皮脾穿刺门静脉造影是诊断本病的理想方法 ;门 体分流术加门 奇断流术是治疗本病的最佳选择。     

Bcl-2和Bax在胆管癌中的表达及意义

目的　检测 4 9例肝外胆管癌和 10例正常胆管Bcl 2和Bax的表达。方法　免疫组化ABC法。结果　Bcl 2在胆管癌中阳性表达 (48.98% )显著高于正常胆管 (10 .0 0 % ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;高、中分化胆管癌Bcl 2阳性表达显著高于低分化癌 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;胆管癌Bax阳性表达 (5 3.0 6 % )与正常胆管 (80 .0 0 % )相比无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,正常胆管Bax阳性表达显著高于Bcl 2阳性表达 (P<0 .0 1) ,而胆管癌中Bcl 2与Bax阳性表达无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　Bcl 2过度表达对胆管癌的发生可能起促进作用 ;胆管癌中Bcl 2低表达可能是预后不良的预测指标之一。