Outcomes of Early Decompressive Craniectomy Versus Conventional Medical Management After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis examined whether early decompressive craniectomy (DC) can improve control of intracranial pressure (ICP) and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched until May 14, 2015, using the following terms: traumatic brain injury, refractory intracranial hypertension, high intracranial pressure, craniectomy, standard care, and medical management. Randomized controlled trials in which patients with TBI received DC and non-DC medical treatments were included.Of the 84 articles identified, 8 studies were selected for review, with 3 randomized controlled trials s having a total of 256 patients (123 DCs, 133 non-DCs) included in the meta-analysis. Patients receiving DC had a significantly greater reduction of ICP and shorter hospital stay. They also seemed to have lower odds of death than patients receiving only medical management, but the P value did not reach significance (pooled odds ratio 0.531, 95% confidence interval 0.209–1.350, Z = 1.95, P = 0.183) with respect to the effect on overall mortality; a separate analysis of 3 retrospective studies yielded a similar result.Whereas DC might effectively reduce ICP and shorten hospital stay in patients with TBI, its effect in decreasing mortality has not reached statistical significance.     

Intermittent Internal Fixation With a Locking Plate to Preserve Epiphyseal Growth Function During Limb-Salvage Surgery in a Child With Osteosarcoma of the Distal Femur: A Case Report

Limb shortening is a problem associated with surgery for osteosarcoma of the lower extremity in adolescents, as the tumors frequently occur near the epiphysis. Herein we report the use of a less invasive stabilization system (LISS) and an intermittent fixation method to preserve the growth function of epiphysis in an 11-year-old patient with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur.The 11-year-old male presented with left knee enlargement and pain for 2 weeks, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy were consistent with osteosarcoma of the left distal femur. After preoperative chemotherapy, en bloc tumor resection was performed with margins based on MRI findings preserving the epiphyseal growth plate, the tumor cavity was filled with inactivated bone and bone cement, and a LISS was used to stabilize the femur. Aggressive postoperative chemotherapy was given. Approximately 105 weeks after surgery radiography showed that the distal end of the plate had moved superior to the epiphysis along with bone growth. Locking screws were placed in the distal part of the LISS plate to stabilize the re-implanted bone, and external fixation was not needed.The patient was able to walk with the crutches 1 week postoperatively, and bear weight on the extremity 6 weeks postoperatively. At 6 years after surgery, the patient''s height had increased 52 cm, shortening of the affected limb was only 1 cm, and the circumference of the affected limb was 2 cm smaller than that of the contralateral limb. There was no significant discomfort in the affected limb, and there was no gait abnormality. The patient could jump and run, and could participate in sports including basketball and badminton to the same degree as his peers.In summary, the novel method of bone reconstruction and fixation provided good results in a child with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur. This fixation method preserves the osteogenic function of the epiphysis and restored bone integrity simultaneously, and provides good functional recovery.     

AKR7A3在肺腺癌中异常表达及临床意义

目的:探讨醛-酮还原酶家族7成员A3（AKR7A3）在肺腺癌中的异常表达及与临床病理特征的关系，并探究其临床意义。方法:采用生物信息学数据库分析、免疫组化、Western Blot、Real-time PCR等方法对肺腺癌组织及不同细胞中AKR7A3的表达进行检测与分析。结果:Oncomine数据库分析结果显示，在肺腺癌中，AKR7A3的表达普遍高于正常肺组织，分别为正常肺组织的1.811倍（P=0.022）、1.356倍（P<0.01）、1.413倍（P=0.002）。Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析结果显示，AKR7A3高表达的患者较低表达的患者生存时间缩短，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.003 7）。免疫组化染色显示肺腺癌组织中AKR7A3的表达较癌旁增高，在与临床病理特征的相关性分析中，发现其与肿瘤分化程度（P<0.01）、淋巴结转移情况（P=0.029）以及TNM分期（P<0.01）相关，且会造成患者生存时间缩短（P=0.031）。Cox多因素分析表明AKR7A3可能是影响肺腺癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P=0.012)。Western Blot及Real-time PCR实验提示不同肺腺癌细胞中AKR7A3蛋白及mRNA表达普遍增高。结论:AKR7A3在肺腺癌中表达增高，对预后有不良影响，有促进肿瘤发生发展的作用。     

PBL与思维导图相结合教学模式在临床教学中的应用

目的探讨PBL与思维导图相结合教学模式在临床教学中的应用。方法本文研究对象为在我院见习的临床本科生,为大理大学2015级一个班级,共55名学生,数据收集时间为2019年1月;按照授课方式的差异将学生分为实验班与对照班,实验班27名学生,对照班28名学生;对照班实施常规教学法,实验班实施PBL与思维导图相结合教学法。结果实验班教学结束测试得分为(85.60±3.46)分,对照班教学结束测试得分为(77.48±3.12)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验班教学方式满意度评分为(90.35±4.12)分,对照班教学方式满意度评分为(80.25±4.05)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在临床教学中采用PBL与思维导图相结合教学模式,能够提高学生的专业知识掌握水平与对教学模式的认可度。     

尘肺病患者心理、社会支持状况调查及相关性研究

目的为了解尘肺病患者心理状况及社会支持对患者心理健康的影响,为对尘肺病患者建立干预措施提供技术支撑。方法采用SCL-90症状清单、社会支持量表对在全省尘肺病住院病人较多的3家医院进行尘肺病患者问卷调查。结果 208名尘肺病患者男性205人,女性3人。文化程度均为高中及以下;Ⅰ期尘肺148人,Ⅱ期尘肺41人,Ⅲ期尘肺19人;尘肺患者SCL-90症状清单总分为162.00±64.77,低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同分期、不同年齡段、不同病程尘肺病患者各组之间社会支持得分差异无统计学意义。结论尘肺病患者心理健康水平低于全国水平,社会支持各维度得分与SCL-90各因子得分呈负相关,建立尘肺病患者心理干预体系十分必要。     

封场生活垃圾填埋场好氧治理通风系统计算与应用

从质量守恒定律出发,以Buswell提出的垃圾好氧降解反应方程式为基础,建立了计算通风量的化学计量模型;以达西定律为基础,建立了计算通风压力的数学模型;并将其应用于某封场垃圾填埋场原位好氧治理工程的计算,验证了2个模型的合理性和准确性,可为生活垃圾填埋场好氧生物反应器工艺设计和设备选型提供理论数据参考。     

Genetic toxicity assessment using liver cell models: past,present, and future

ABSTRACT

Genotoxic compounds may be detoxified to non-genotoxic metabolites while many pro-carcinogens require metabolic activation to exert their genotoxicity in vivo. Standard genotoxicity assays were developed and utilized for risk assessment for over 40 years. Most of these assays are conducted in metabolically incompetent rodent or human cell lines. Deficient in normal metabolism and relying on exogenous metabolic activation systems, the current in vitro genotoxicity assays often have yielded high false positive rates, which trigger unnecessary and costly in vivo studies. Metabolically active cells such as hepatocytes have been recognized as a promising cell model in predicting genotoxicity of carcinogens in vivo. In recent years, significant advances in tissue culture and biological technologies provided new opportunities for using hepatocytes in genetic toxicology. This review encompasses published studies (both in vitro and in vivo) using hepatocytes for genotoxicity assessment. Findings from both standard and newly developed genotoxicity assays are summarized. Various liver cell models used for genotoxicity assessment are described, including the potential application of advanced liver cell models such as 3D spheroids, organoids, and engineered hepatocytes. An integrated strategy, that includes the use of human-based cells with enhanced biological relevance and throughput, and applying the quantitative analysis of data, may provide an approach for future genotoxicity risk assessment.     

放射性心脏损伤动物模型相关实验研究进展

当利用放射线对胸部恶性肿瘤进行治疗时，位于纵隔的心脏会不可幸免受到照射，从而诱发放射性心脏损伤（radiation-induced heart disease, RIHD）。随着手术以及放化疗技术的提升，肿瘤患者生存时间得到延长，使得RIHD这一放疗远期并发症被越来越多的报道。因此，学者们对于RIHD的研究逐渐升温。目前国内外学者关于该疾病尚未形成统一的认识，临床上缺乏有效阻止其发生的方法。动物模型研究可为临床该疾病治疗及预防提供可靠证据，为此本文回顾分析近年来放射性心脏损伤动物模型实验研究情况，旨在为后续实验开展及临床应用提供参考。     

金水宝片联合依诺肝素对维持性血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响

目的：探究金水宝片联合依诺肝素对维持性血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响。方法：选取2018年12月至2019年3月马鞍山十七冶医院血液净化中心进行透析的患者154例作为研究对象，根据用药不同分为对照组和观察组,每组77例。对照组常规应用依诺肝素抗凝，观察组在对照组抗凝基础上加用金水宝片，各组均干预3个月，比较2组患者血脂变化及持续血液透析并发症发生情况。结果：治疗后，观察组患者三酰甘油、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平下降，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高，与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），与对照组治疗后比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组总并发症发生率明显低于对照组，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组患者维持性血液透析不良反应发生率均较低，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：金水宝片联合依诺肝素有助于改善维持性血液透析患者血脂代谢水平，降低维持性血液透析相关并发症，值得临床推广应用。     

胞宫胞脉胞络理论与子宫内膜容受性关系探析

胞宫胞脉胞络理论是中医基于脏腑理论对女子生殖功能的基本认识.子宫体、宫颈、卵巢、输卵管、盆壁及其相关的血管、神经、韧带及受体当属胞宫、胞脉、胞络功能范畴.胞脉和胞络属于胞官的一部分.胞脉、胞络将脏腑化生之气血全面布散于胞官,心、肾通过胞脉、胞络与胞官相联系."精满" "血足"是良好子宫内膜环境的体现.肾气亏损,胞脉失疏,冲任不充,胞官瘀滞,藏泻失序,表现为子宫内膜较薄及血供不足,不利于孕卵的着床.治疗子宫内膜容受性低下应予补肾气,通胞脉,自拟二补助育汤,可以改善子宫内膜血液循环,增加子宫内膜厚度,提高辅助妊娠成功率.