中型听神经瘤术中听力保存及影响因素

目的 探讨中型听神经瘤听力保存的影响因素.方法 回顾性研究了乙状窦后入路听神经瘤显微手术58例.其中,试图听力保存的中型肿瘤22例.术前、术后行听力学检测纯音听阈(PTA)、言语识别率(SDS)和听觉诱发电位(BAEP),进行对比分析.结果 全部58例病人中,听力得以较好保存的4例.除去未考虑听力保存的大型肿瘤,22例中型肿瘤中听力得以保存的(较好保存PTA 60dB,SDS≥50%;部分保存PTA≤60dB,SDS≥50%)9例.12例肿瘤和耳蜗神经粘连重,10例没有粘连或粘连轻.结论 肿瘤与耳蜗神经的分界面是否粘连是听力保存的重要影响因素.术中神经监测对指导肿瘤切除是有益的,但术者的局部解剖知识和显微外科技术仍是手术成功的最基本因素.     

β-胡萝卜素立体异构体对环磷酰胺处理小鼠免疫功能的比较研究

就β-胡萝卜素立体异构体对环磷酰胺处理小鼠的免疫功能影响进行了比较研究。结果显示β-胡萝卜素立体异构体对外磷酰胺造成的免疫功能低下具有不同程度的改善作用，提高胸腺和脾脏指数，增强脾脏细胞对刀豆素A（ConA）的反应性和NK活性，血清溶菌酶含量也有所增加。综合各项指标，9-顺式和全反式混合物的作用最明显，提示一定浓度的9-顺式对于提高β-胡萝卜素对机体的总体作用是有一定意义的。     

L-丙酰肉碱对再灌注心肌损伤的保护及体外抗自由基作用

目的:观察L－丙酰肉碱对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用，并探讨其机理。方法：采用大鼠在体心脏冠状动脉前降支阻断5min造成缺血再灌注模型，持续心电监护，观察心律失常与心功能指标；应用电子顺磁共振观察L－丙酰肉碱对Fenton体系及二甲基亚砜（DMSO）碱性有氧体系产生自由基的作用。结果：L－丙酰肉碱静脉给药明显减少再灌注时室性心动过速、室性纤维颤动的发生（P＜0．05），促进再灌注后左室收缩压、左室压最大上升速率、左室压最大下降速率、心力环面积的恢复，与对照组相比，各参数均明显增高（P＜0．05）；静脉注射L－丙酰肉碱100mmol／L时促进Fenton体系OH的产生，而500mmol／L时产生明显抑制作用，L－丙酰肉碱明显抑制DMSO碱性有氧体系OS的产生。结论：L－丙酰肉碱明显减少再灌注心律失常的发生，促进再灌注后心功能的恢复。推测它对自由基的作用可能是再灌注损伤保护机理之一。     

新氨基糖苷类抗生素89－07给药方案研究

用小鼠败血症系统感染模型，以感染小鼠肾匀浆活菌计数为标准，以庆大霉素为对照药，探讨日剂量单次与分两次给药两种方案对新氨基糖苷类抗生素８９—０７体内抗留作用的影响。结果表明大肠杆菌９０－０２０、绿脓假单胞菌３—３７４、金葡球菌９０—５０６对抗生素８９—０７和庆大霉素均敏感（ＭＩＣ范围０．０６２５～２ｍｇ／Ｌ）；抗生素８９—０７和庆大霉素日剂量单次给药组（ＯＤ）３株实验菌的肾匀浆活菌计数值由给药前的４．９４±０．０９、４．６０±０．２７、４．８６±０．１０１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ分别降至１．９４±０．１９、１．８４±０．２５、１．８８±０．２５１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ（给药后７～８ｈ）．日剂量分两次给药组（ＢＩＤ）则分别降至２．９５±０．４８、２．８７±０．３７、３．４４±０．２７１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ。ＯＤ组对３株实验菌的最大杀菌作用Ｅｍａｘ分别为３．０２、２．９７和２．８５１ｇｃｆｕ／ｍｌ，ＯＤ给药方案的体内杀菌作用明显优于ＢＩＤ方案。     

2,3-Butanedione monoxime protects mice against the convulsant effect of picrotoxin by facilitating GABA-activated currents

While adult mice receiving picrotoxin (PTX) alone responded with clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, this response was greatly suppressed for mice simultaneously injected with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). For example, 60% and 10% of the mice convulsed when injected (i.p.) with 3.0 mg/kg PTX alone or PTX plus 205 mg/kg of BDM, respectively. In contrast, a non-oxime analogue of BDM, 2,3-butanedione (BTD), did not have this anticonvulsant effect. In order to explore the basis for the anticonvulsant effect of BDM, we recorded GABA-activated currents (I_GABA) of frontal cortical as well as ventromedial hypothalamic neurons before, during and after exposure to this oxime. BDM had a biphasic effect on concentrations (100 μM-40 mM) decreased and lower concentrations (0.01 μM–0.001 μM) potentiatedI_GABA; these effects of BDM reversed upon washout of the oxime. In contrast, BTD had no effect onI_GABA. Finally, when 0.001 μM BDM, 10–30 μM PTX and GABA were co-applied the inhibitory effect of the toxin onI_GABA was markedly suppressed. These data suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of oximes involves facilitation of the inhibitory action of GABA.     

整体护理模式病房建设计算机管理系统的应用及效能

阐述了整体护理模式病房建设计算机管理系统的应用及效能：①促进了整体护理工作的开展。②高效率地体现了护理程序的全程。③使各种护理文件及护理表格达到清晰、美观、格式规范。④有利于科研、教学工作的完善。⑤推动了护理学科计算机技术的应用     

白血病细胞p16基因突变分析

目的探讨ｐ１６基因突变在白血病发生中的作用及基因突变的机制。方法利用点突变检测仪、水平和垂直板电泳对ｐ１６基因的外显子１、外显子２的ＰＣＲ扩增产物作缺失和点突变分析。结果在白血病３５例临床标本中有２２例发生缺失突变，６例发生点突变，突变率约８０％。在２２例缺失突变病例中，有１０例为不完全缺失突变即有低于外显子５０９ｂｐ的扩增产物。结论ｐ１６基因含有“ＧＣ”ＤＮＡ重复顺序，易发生ＤＮＡ重组及易位和重排。在白血病发生中起重要作用     

乙型脑炎、麻疹胎传母体抗体的调查

86对母婴血清标本用间接酶联免疫测定法(ELISA)测定了乙型脑炎抗体,118对用血凝抑制(血抑)试验测定了麻疹抗体。结果发现,脐血乙型脑炎抗体阳性率为79.1％,母血为74.4％,几何平均滴度在脐血显著高于母血(t=5.1857,P<0.01),比值为1.2∶1。脐血和母血的麻疹血抑抗体阳性率分别为86.4％及84.8％,几何均值也是前者高于后者(t=4.0349,P<0.01),比值为1.3∶1。 108份婴儿血清标本测定结果显示,0～3个月婴儿乙型脑炎抗体阳性率为35％,4～9个月仅为13％,10个月及以上的婴儿全部阴性。此结果与近年上海市小于1岁组乙型脑炎发病率最高相一致,提示应考虑提早乙型脑炎疫苗的接种年龄。     

通辽与长春两地区成人枢椎的测量

[1]目的 了解枢椎形态和结构的性别和地区差异.[2]方法 对通辽与长春两地区129套成人枢椎(男76套,女53套)进行了测量,指标包括齿突高、全高、椎体高、矢径、全宽、椎孔矢径和椎孔横径,并计算了椎体指数和椎孔指数.对所得数据进行统计学处理.[3]结果 枢椎的7项测量指标,除椎孔矢径与横径(长春地区的椎孔横径除外)以及通辽地区齿突高外,其性别差异均具极显著性(t＝2.34~7.68,p<0.01或0.05);两地区比较,除女性齿突高外,其他指标差异均无显著性(t＝0.03~1.95,p均>0.05).指数比较,除两地区女性椎体指数外,均无性别和地区间差异(t＝0.04~1.86,p均>0.05).[4]结论 通辽和长春两地区成人枢椎的形态和结构无明显差异.     

Immunochemical characterization of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in rabbit nasal microsomes and evidence for tissue-specific expression of P-450s NMa and NMb

Two unique forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450), designated NMa and NMb, were recently isolated in this laboratory from nasal microsomes of rabbits. In the present study, polyclonal antibodies to the purified nasal cytochromes were prepared. Immunochemical analysis with specific rabbit anti-NMa and sheep anti-NMb antibodies indicated that P-450 isozymes identical to or having a high structural homology with NMa are present in both olfactory and respiratory mucosa, as well as in liver, but NMb was detected only in the olfactory mucosa. Neither form was detected in other tissues examined, including brain, esophageal mucosa, heart, intestinal mucosa, kidney, and lung. The specific occurrence of NMb in the olfactory mucosa was further substantiated by the detection and specific inhibition by anti-NMb of the formation of unique NMb-dependent metabolites of testosterone in olfactory microsomes but not in microsomes from liver or respiratory mucosa. Similar experiments with antibodies to previously purified rabbit hepatic P-450 isozymes indicated that not all of the hepatic cytochromes are expressed in the nasal tissues. Thus, P-450 isozymes structurally homologous to hepatic forms 2, 3a, and 4, but not 3b and 6, were found in the olfactory mucosa. On the other hand, only form 2 was detected in the respiratory mucosa. Immunoquantitation experiments revealed that NMa and NMb are the major P-450 forms in olfactory microsomes, whereas NMa and P-450 form 2 (or its homolog) constitute the major portion of the respiratory nasal microsomal P-450. The level of NMa in the liver is relatively low, accounting for less than 3% of total microsomal P-450 in this tissue. In addition, evidence is provided that NMa is the major catalyst in the dealkylation of two nasal carcinogens, hexamethylphosphoramide and phenacetin, in both olfactory and respiratory nasal microsomes.