手法复位超腕关节夹板联合石膏托固定治疗Salter-HarrisⅡ型儿童桡骨远端骨骺骨折

目的:探讨手法复位超腕关节夹板联合石膏托固定治疗Salter-HarrisⅡ型儿童桡骨远端骨骺骨折的临床疗效与安全性。方法:2015年11月至2018年11月,收治44例桡骨远端骨骺骨折患者。男35例,女9例。年龄6~17岁,中位数10岁。左侧26例,右侧18例。均为闭合性损伤,根据Salter-Harris分型均属于Ⅱ型,其中不稳定型5例。20例合并尺骨茎突骨折,均不合并神经、血管损伤。均因跌倒致伤,受伤至治疗时间1 h至2 d,中位数8 h。均先进行手法复位,复位后先以超腕关节夹板固定,然后辅以石膏托固定。随访观察骨折愈合及并发症发生情况,测量腕关节活动度,采用Gartland-Werley腕关节评分系统评价综合疗效。结果:43例患者获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,中位数13个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间(1.5±0.1)个月,塑形时间(3.0±0.5)个月。43例患者腕关节掌屈55°±5°、背伸40°±15°、桡偏25°±5°、尺偏35°±5°,下尺桡关节旋前80°±5°、旋后90°±5°。末次随访时,Gartland-Werley腕关节评分(1.8±0.6)分,优40例、良3例。所有患儿均未发现桡骨远端骨骺早闭。结论:手法复位超腕关节夹板联合石膏托固定可有效治疗Salter-HarrisⅡ型儿童桡骨远端骨骺骨折,安全性高。     

鼻内镜微波凝固切断筛前神经治疗变应性鼻炎疗效观察

目的观察微波凝固筛前神经治疗常年变应性鼻炎的疗效。方法26例确诊为变应性鼻炎的患者在鼻内镜引导和局麻下开放前组筛房，暴露筛前血管神经骨管，微波探针接触凝固。结果术后随访1年，其中显效16例，占61．5％，有效6例，占23％，无效4例占，15．5％，总有效率84．5％。结论鼻内镜微波凝固筛前神经治疗变应性鼻炎定位准确、创伤小、术后疗效好。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

单侧液压脑损伤对大鼠双侧海马GFAP表达和CA1区突触传递的影响

目的研究单侧液压脑损伤(FPI)对大鼠双侧海马区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达和CA1区突触传递的影响。方法建立大鼠单侧液压脑损伤模型,脑标本分为对照组(包括正常对照和假手术对照)、FPI损伤同侧组和FPI损伤对侧组。免疫组化法检测海马水平切片GFAP表达,对海马CA1区锥体神经元进行细胞内记录。结果FPI大鼠双侧海马齿状回门区和CA1区GFAP表达均比对照组明显增强。FPI损伤同侧组兴奋性输入-输出关系曲线的斜率比其他两组显著增大(P<0.05);FPI损伤同侧组和对侧组双脉冲易化(PPF)比值和抑制性突触后电位(IPSP)幅值均比对照组显著减小(P<0.05);FPI损伤同侧组和对侧组双脉冲抑制(PPD)比值均比对照组显著增大(P<0.05)。结论大鼠单侧液压脑损伤对双侧海马均可产生影响,导致双侧海马CA1区兴奋性突触传递增强,抑制性突触传递减弱。     

提倡垂体腺瘤的个体化及综合性治疗

垂体腺瘤的外科治疗已有一个世纪的历史,早期由于诊断技术落后,患者常常因肿瘤过大导致视力严重障碍或颅内压增高危及生命才来就诊,治疗以挽救生命及视力为主要目的。随着CT、MR I的普及应用,垂体腺瘤患者就诊时多以内分泌功能障碍为主要表现,部分伴有视力、视野障碍,因此,手术     

应用64层CT一次扫描完成心脏冠脉成像及心功能分析的可行性初步研究

目的研究64层CT一次扫描同时完成心脏冠脉成像及心功能分析的可行性。方法96例患者均行MSCT心脏成像扫描和MR心脏检查,数据分别按照冠脉成像和心功能分析要求进行重建和后处理,评估。结果1271段冠脉血管中有约99%血管显示清晰,达到诊断要求;心功能分析数据左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、左室每搏输出量(LVSV)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室心肌容积(LVMV)与MR相关数据的相关系数分别为0.84、0.91、0.94、0.89、0.88。结论MSCT可以在一次扫描中完成冠脉成像和心功能数据采集,具有极高应用价值。     

64层螺旋CT在糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的诊断价值

目的评价64层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的临床价值。方法对90例可疑下肢血管病变的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者进行64层螺旋CT血管造影检查,对所有扫描原始数据行容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(M IP),冠状、矢状面多平面重组(MPR)以及曲面重建(CPR)。结果64层螺旋CT下肢血管造影检查可以清晰显示自髂总至足背整个动脉系统病变的准确部位、范围及侧枝血管。90例患者中67例(77%)患者血管呈不同程度粥样硬化表现。其中轻或中度狭窄49例(56.3%),重度狭窄18例(20.7%),7例(8%)完全闭塞患者可见侧枝循环血管形成。结论64层螺旋CT下肢血管造影,对糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断和治疗具有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在胶质瘤术后随访中的应用价值初探

目的探讨多层螺旋CT灌注成像在胶质瘤术后随访中的应用价值。方法对23例胶质瘤术后患者进行CT灌注成像,测量术后复发残余病灶、术后未复发病变区、残腔病灶及脑组织正常区域的CT灌注参数值[包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、脑血管表面通透性(PS),以及其各相对参数值(rCBF、rCBV、rPS)],应用SPSS11.0统计软件包,独立样本t检验进行显著性分析。结果复发残余组10例,CBF值、CBV值及PS值均升高,rCBF值为1.99±0.72,rCBV值为2.57±0.79,rPS值为10.79±5.85。未复发组11例,CBF值及CBV值均降低,rCBF为0.36±0.99,rCBV为0.76±0.41。8例PS值接近正常值,3例术后早期CT灌注检查PS值较明显升高,8～10个月再次复查PS值接近正常。术后残腔2例,CBF值略降低,CBV值略升高,PS值较明显升高。胶质瘤术后复发残余组与术后未复发组比较,二者的CT灌注参数值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与正常脑组织区域比较,二者的CT灌注参数值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与术后残腔组比较,CBF值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CBV值及PS值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未复发组与脑组织正常区域比较,CBF值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),CBV值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PS值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未复发病例组与术后残腔组比较,CBF值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CBV值及PS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论CT灌注成像能准确地反映脑肿瘤术后的血流动力学改变,在确定肿瘤术后是复发残余还是未复发上有重要价值;PS值大小能较准确反映血脑屏障的破坏程度,但在鉴别肿瘤术后为复发残余还是残腔上无特异性。     

磁共振质子波谱成像(1H-MRSI) 在胶质瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨利用磁共振波谱成像(MRSI)反映胶质瘤恶性度的价值.方法41例病理证实胶质瘤,原发39例、复发2例,行MR及MRS扫描,MRS数据经残差Z分数统计模型及LLI、Lip/Cho等指标划分肿瘤边界及不同代谢区,并结合MRI结构成像,划分出肿瘤的高代谢活性区、肿瘤浸润边界、坏死区及乏氧区.结果肿瘤浸润边界均超过MR常规图像上的肿瘤边界.Ⅱ级肿瘤高代谢活性区大部分位于肿瘤区内,但Ⅲ、Ⅳ级则大部分位于肿瘤边界;随肿瘤恶性度升高,肿瘤出现了坏死区及乏氧区.结论MRSI对确定肿瘤恶性度及划分肿瘤边界具有一定价值.