Human mesenchymal stromal cells enhance the immunomodulatory function of CD8+CD28? regulatory T cells

One important aspect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation is the recruitment and induction of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, we do not yet know whether MSCs have similar effects on the other subsets of Treg cells. Herein, we studied the effects of MSCs on CD8⁺CD28⁻ Treg cells and found that the MSCs could not only increase the proportion of CD8⁺CD28⁻ T cells, but also enhance CD8⁺CD28⁻T cells'' ability of hampering naive CD4⁺ T-cell proliferation and activation, decreasing the production of IFN-γ by activated CD4⁺ T cells and inducing the apoptosis of activated CD4⁺ T cells. Mechanistically, the MSCs affected the functions of the CD8⁺CD28⁻ T cells partially through moderate upregulating the expression of IL-10 and FasL. The MSCs had no distinct effect on the shift from CD8⁺CD28⁺ T cells to CD8⁺CD28⁻ T cells, but did increase the proportion of CD8⁺CD28⁻ T cells by reducing their rate of apoptosis. In summary, this study shows that MSCs can enhance the regulatory function of CD8⁺CD28⁻ Treg cells, shedding new light on MSCs-mediated immune regulation.     

抗LINGO-1干预促髓鞘重塑在认知损伤中的应用可能

LINGO-1选择性表达于中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)的少突胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞前体细胞和神经元,在髓鞘损伤性疾病和动物模型中表达升高,通过活化RhoA和抑制Akt磷酸化负性调节少突胶质细胞分化和髓鞘化、神经元存活和轴突再生。抑制LINGO-1功能可有效改善脱髓鞘损伤,维持神经元成活。髓鞘与认知功能关系密切,大量证据表明其损伤可能引起认知功能异常,本综述拟总结抗LINGO-1促髓鞘重塑研究进展并探讨其在认知损伤中应用的可能。     

Basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland: clinical and pathological findings in 29 cases

Objective: To determine the clinical and pathological features of basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the parotid gland. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 29 parotid BCAs in 28 patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, between October 2000 and June 2013. The tumors were categorized according to their location in the parotid gland as superior superficial lobe, inferior superficial lobe and deep lobe. Results: The mean age was 57.0 years (range, 32-83 years). The clinical manifestations of parotid BCAs were consistent with those of other benign parotid tumors. There were no significant differences in age, average disease duration and tumor size among the three tumor groups. There were 11 deep tumors (11/29, 37.9%), and five of them exhibited cystic degeneration (5/11, 45.5%). A total of 15 patients underwent FNAB examination, and the results were positive in seven patients (7/15, 46.7%). Mild facial nerve function impairment occurred in five patients (House-Brackmann grade II), of whom, three had recovered by the 6-month follow-up. No cases of local recurrence or malignant transformation were observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The clinical features of BCA are consistent with those of other benign tumors. The deep lobe of the parotid gland is more likely to develop BCAs, and thus, this diagnosis should be considered in patients with deep-lobe tumors, especially when accompanied with cystic degeneration. FNAB can increase the rate of preoperative diagnoses.     

不同剂量氯胺酮对兔严重烧伤早期全身炎症反应的影响

目的：比较不同剂量氯胺酮对严重烧伤兔早期炎性细胞因子的影响,初步探讨其对创伤应激早期炎症反应的调节作用。方法选择健康雄性新西兰兔40只,按随机数字表法分正常对照组、烫伤模型组、氯胺酮镇痛组和氯胺酮麻醉组。烫伤前用戊巴比妥钠麻醉后分别经颈内静脉和颈内动脉置管备用,24 h后制备兔背部和臀部30%Ⅲ度烫伤模型,氯胺酮镇痛组于伤后0.5 h静脉注射（静注）氯胺酮负荷量0.5 mg/kg,然后持续静脉泵注氯胺酮9μg·kg-1·min-1共24 h;氯胺酮麻醉组伤后0.5 h静注氯胺酮1.5 mg/kg,然后持续静脉泵注氯胺酮45μg·kg-1·min-1共4 h维持全身麻醉;正常对照组和模型组仅给予静脉输液处理。记录各组补液量及氯胺酮镇痛组和麻醉组的氯胺酮总用量。分别于烫伤前和烫伤后0.5、6、12、24 h进行动脉血气分析,并检测血清白细胞介素（IL-1、IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平。结果4组血气分析指标虽然有所变化,但均在正常范围,说明呼吸功能在正常范围,间接反映循环功能也在正常范围,排除了呼吸和循环功能因素的影响对细胞因子的评判。4组烫伤前IL-1、IL-6及TNF-α水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。伤后0.5 h起,烫伤模型组IL-1（ng/L：30.27±0.93比13.79±1.11）、IL-6（ng/L：47.22±1.49比46.31±4.12）及TNF-α（ng/L：243.39±20.85比190.95±14.97）水平即均显著高于正常对照组（均P＜0.05）,并持续到伤后24 h;伤后6 h起氯胺酮镇痛组和麻醉组上述指标均较烫伤模型组明显降低,于伤后12 h起氯胺酮镇痛组上述指标的降低程度较氯胺酮麻醉组更显著〔IL-1（ng/L）：19.28±2.51比40.12±10.31,IL-6（ng/L）：52.10±4.23比72.20±10.11, TNF-α（ng/L）：246.03±20.74比313.71±27.34,均P＜0.05〕。结论小剂量氯胺酮镇痛和氯胺酮麻醉对兔严重烧伤后早期炎性细胞因子的表达和释放有一定抑制作用,且长时间小剂量氯胺酮镇痛效果更明显。     

低剂量地西他滨增强T细胞对宫颈癌细胞杀伤活性研究

目的：研究低剂量地西他滨是否可增强T细胞对宫颈癌细胞杀伤活性,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 CCK-8检测低剂量地西他滨对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测低剂量地西他滨处理后宫颈癌细胞凋亡及周期的变化;CCK-8检测T细胞对低剂量地西他滨处理后宫颈癌细胞的杀伤作用,实时定量PCR法检测地西他滨处理后宫颈癌细胞癌/睾丸抗原(cancer testis antigen,CTA)及FasL的mRNA表达的变化。结果10 nmol/L地西他滨对宫颈癌细胞增殖、凋亡没有显著影响,100 nmol/L地西他滨一定程度上抑制细胞增殖。10 nmol/L地西他滨虽不直接抑制细胞增长,但使宫颈癌细胞对T细胞的杀伤效应更为敏感,以效靶比为10∶1时最显著。10 nmol/L地西他滨处理后宫颈癌细胞BORIS、NY-ESO-1、MAGE-A1/A3/A4等CTA及FasL的mRNA水平显著上调(P＜0.05)。结论低剂量地西他滨可抑制Hela及SiHa细胞的生长及存活,增强T细胞对Hela及SiHa细胞的杀伤能力,是一个潜在的免疫治疗辅助药物。     

后腹腔镜下保留肾单位与根治性肾切除术治疗T1bN0M0期肾癌的疗效比较

目的比较后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术(retroperitoneoscopic nephron sparing surgery,RPNSS)与根治性肾切除术(retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy,RPRN)治疗T1b N0M0期肾癌的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月-2013年7月在我院行后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术的T1b N0M0期肾癌16例及根治性肾切除术患者40例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后输血情况、术后并发症、引流时间、术后肌酐水平、局部复发及远处转移等指标。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在术后输血情况、引流时间、术后肌酐、局部复发及远处转移方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗T1b N0M0期肾癌疗效可靠,术后对患者的肾功能影响较小,与根治性肾切除术的局部复发及转移情况相似。     

杨浦区ICU鲍曼不动杆菌污染之现况调查

目的了解鲍曼不动杆菌在杨浦区医院重症监护室(ICU)中的污染情况,探索有效的控制措施。方法按照《医院消毒技术规范》的要求,对ICU医务人员手及物体表面进行环境卫生学监测采样。对采取的597份样本进行鲍曼不动杆菌检测分析,了解其在ICU的分布情况。结果 79份标本检测出鲍曼不动杆菌,阳性率达13.23%。所采样对象中除护士手外其余均不同程度地检出了鲍曼不动杆菌。三级综合医院ICU鲍曼不动杆菌的污染率明显高于三级专科医院和二级综合医院。结论为减少ICU鲍曼不动杆菌的污染,应加强对医务人员的培训,增强医院感染的预防观念,掌握并实施正确的手卫生方法,做好患者隔离工作,加强病房的卫生管理和环境消毒措施,从而减少医院感染的发生。     

中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌感染相关性消化性溃疡疗效分析

目的:观察并分析中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter Pylori,HP)感染相关性消化性溃疡疗效;方法:将120例HP阳性的消化性溃疡的患者随机分为2组,每组各60例,对照组予三联疗法(雷贝拉唑肠溶片、左氧氟沙星分散片、阿莫西林胶囊)联合治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合中药治疗。观察2组患者治疗前后中医症候改善情况并于治疗后8 w检测2组患者的HP感染情况。结果:中西医结合治疗组HP根除率为83.3%,三联疗法对照组HP根除率为61.7%;中医症候改善情况中西医结合治疗组优于三联疗法组,中西医结合治疗组优于单纯三联疗法组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性消化性溃疡临床疗效好,值得推广。     

我国居民中医药科普知识认知情况调查研究?

目的：了解我国居民对中医药科普知识的认知情况,为中医药科普工作提供合理化建议。方法在参考政府指南和有关研究的基础上,自行设计调查问卷并在全国随机发放1800份,回收1486份,共得有效问卷1050份。调查内容涉及性别、年龄等7项基本信息和中医学科属性、中医学科优势、人体生命规律等17项中医药科普知识。建立数据库,采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析,分别统计各项中医药科普知识认知情况的均值和标准差值,进行正态分布和方差齐性检验,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),组间两两比较,若方差齐者使用LSD检验,方差不齐则使用Tamhane’ T2法。结果我国居民对中医药科普知识总体认知水平比较有限,17项中医药科普知识的总认知程度均值为2.07,标准差值为0.53;认知程度均值最高的是服药注意事项2.47;认知程度均值最低的是五行学说为1.78。年龄组间分析显示,40~49岁组人群最低(33.04);教育程度对我国居民的中医药科普知识认知程度有显著影响,“未上过学”和“高中学历”2组,分别与相邻组间的认知水平差异最为显著;职业组间分析显示,学生组认知程度最高,与农民组的差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=6.125);家庭月均收入组间分析显示,5000~9999元/月组与1000~4999元/月组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=2.870);健康状况变化程度(1年内)组间分析显示,自述“好一些”组与“差多了”组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=7．058)。结论我国居民中医药科普知识认知水平较低,亟需改善中医药科普认知现状。中医药科普内容应当系统化,加强中医思想和基本理论的普及是重点。中医药科普工作需更加深入基层,充分发挥其改善公众健康总体水平的社会公益作用。中医药科普知识认知水平量化评价方法有待完善。     

经支气管针吸活检术在纵隔及肺部疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨经支气管针吸活检术(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)在纵隔及肺部疾病诊断中的价值。方法对68例CT提示肺占位或单纯纵隔淋巴结肿大患者行TBNA检查,再以毛刷在穿刺点处刷检,如果可见局部黏膜增厚或充血水肿需另行活检,取得的标本送病理学检查。比较TBNA与活检、刷检组的诊断阳性率,评价TBNA的有效性及安全性,分析其影响因素。结果 68例患者中阳性56例,诊断阳性率为82.4%,高于常规检查组(51.5%)(P<0.05)。隆突下淋巴结组阳性率高于非隆突下淋巴结(96.0%比63.2%)(P<0.05),淋巴结直径≥2 cm组阳性率高于淋巴结直径<2 cm组(92.6%比60.7%)(P<0.05)。22例少量出血,无其他并发症。结论 TBNA对纵隔及肺部疾病的诊断有较大的临床应用价值,且安全性较高