儿童颅内动脉瘤的临床特征及治疗

目的 探讨儿童颅内动脉瘤的发病特点、影像学特征及其治疗策略.方法 对宣武医院神经外科及神经介入中心1985年10月至2008年5月共23例14岁以下(含14岁)儿童的24个颅内动脉瘤的发病方式、部位、大小等影像学特点、治疗方式及其结果进行回顾性分析.结果 儿童颅内动脉瘤占所有年龄组颅内动脉瘤的1.3%,男:女=1.56:1;24个动脉瘤中,16个位于前循环,8个位于后循环;14个属于复杂动脉瘤;以蛛网膜下腔出血为表现者11例;14例采用神经介入治疗,4例采用显微手术治疗,5例未行外科治疗,其中2例在随访过程中动脉瘤及载瘤动脉自行闭塞而自愈;1例死亡,1例因术前动脉瘤再破裂导致中度致残,其余21例结果良好.结论 (1)儿童颅内动脉瘤较为罕见,发病率男性高于女性;(2)颈内动脉及大脑中动脉是儿童颅内动脉瘤的好发部位;(3)与成人相比,巨大动脉瘤、夹层动脉瘤及后循环动脉瘤、感染或外伤性动脉瘤比例较高;(4)神经介入及显微手术都是治疗儿童颅内动脉瘤的有效方法,但对于复杂动脉瘤首选神经介入治疗,相当一部分动脉瘤甚至不得不采用载瘤动脉闭塞的方法治疗.     

脊髓髓内海绵状血管瘤的显微外科治疗及预后

目的 探讨脊髓髓内海绵状血管瘤(ISCC)的临床过程、影像学特点、治疗策略.方法 对宣武医院神经外科1993年5月至2007年11月手术治疗的81例ISCC资料进行回顾性分析.结果 ISCC占同期脊髓血管病的8.7%;男:女=1.6:1;平均发病年龄为35.7岁;病灶位于胸段56例(69%),颈段23例(28%),腰段2例(3%);64例患者获得长期随访,平均随访48个月,神经功能改善23例,未变化35例,恶化6例.术后复发4例.结论 (1)ISCC好发于青壮年,胸段多见,颈段次之;(2)大部分ISCC在MRI有特征性的表现;(3)对症状明显、病灶位于脊髓背侧、非出血急性期的ISCC提倡显微手术治疗.     

孕早期超声辐照对胎鼠神经组织的影响

目的孕鼠早期经诊断级超声辐照后,通过对出生前胎鼠神经组织的细胞生物学性状检查,以期进一步评价孕早期超声诊断的安全性。方法采用细胞培养,形态学方法观察初生鼠神经组织细胞的生长状况;通过细胞增生生长曲线检测及细胞周期时相的流式细胞仪检测来研究超声对胎儿神经组织细胞的影响。结果①形态学观察发现实验组与对照组的神经组织细胞生长状态没有明显的改变,均存在有少量的分裂相;②细胞增生生长曲线,实验组和对照组均有缓慢生长期,增生的高峰期及生长衰退期;③通过流式细胞检测,结果显示实验组与对照组各时相也无显著性差异。结论孕早期超声辐照一定时间对初生鼠脑组织的细胞形态,细胞生长状况及周期时相没有显著性改变。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

小骨瓣纵裂入路显微外科手术切除大型及巨大型垂体瘤

目的探索大型及巨大型垂体腺瘤根治性切除的手术入路、方法及效果。方法22例大型及巨大型侵袭性垂体腺瘤采用小骨瓣经纵裂显微外科手术,大型者肿瘤最大径3.5~4 cm,巨大型侵袭性肿瘤最大径4.2~5.7 cm。结果大型8例全切7例,近全切1例;巨大型肿瘤全切11例,3例大部切除。全部病例术后无脑脊液漏,无严重并发症,无死亡。结论小骨瓣纵裂入路显微外科手术切除大型及巨大型垂体腺瘤是对脑组织损伤小、并发症少、全切率高的手术方法。     

儿童颅内动脉瘤的诊断治疗进展

儿童颅内动脉瘤是指发生于年龄〈15岁人群的颅内动脉瘤，其病因、流行病学特征、解剖及影像学特点、临床表现、治疗及其预后，与成人相比有诸多差异。这类动脉瘤比较罕见，患病率占所有颅内动脉瘤的0．5％～4．6％。截止目前为止，国内关于儿童硕内动脉瘤报道的病例总数尚不足50例。因我们对儿童颅内动脉瘤的临床特征及治疗策略等知之甚少，现就这类动脉瘤的影像及临床治疗等特点综述如下。     

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤基因突变与血管病变关系的研究进展

Ⅰ型神经纤维瘤病（neurofibromatosis type 1,NF1）是一种临床症状表现复杂的单基因遗传病,即由Nf1基因突变导致该基因的蛋白产物——神经纤维瘤蛋白的功能改变,而引起的以多发性神经纤维瘤、皮肤多发牛奶咖啡色斑或雀斑、虹膜错构瘤等为主要表现特征的疾病。部分患者出现学习困     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

单纯微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的有效性和安全性分析

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的有效性和安全性,并筛查其复发相关危险因素。方法共286例单纯行微血管减压术的原发性三叉神经痛患者,分别于术前、术后和随访期间采用Barrow神经病学研究所(BNI)三叉神经痛分级评价疼痛缓解;记录术后并发症,包括术侧面部麻木感、术侧听力下降、脑脊液漏、手术切口愈合欠佳、颅内感染、脑积水;记录随访期间复发情况。单因素和多因素前进法Logistic回归分析筛查三叉神经痛复发相关危险因素。结果 286例患者中术后18例(6.29%)出现术侧面部轻度麻木感,13例(4.55%)术侧听力下降,1例(0.35%)脑脊液漏,1例(0.35%)手术切口愈合欠佳,2例(0.70%)颅内感染,1例(0.35%)脑积水。随访期间26例(9.09%)失访,13例(4.55%)术后疼痛无缓解,13例(4.55%)术后疼痛部分缓解,234例(81.82%)术后疼痛完全缓解。234例术后疼痛完全缓解患者平均随访31.29个月,1例(0.35%)死于心脏病,28例(9.79%)复发。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,术后疼痛完全缓解率随着随访时间的延长而逐渐下降,其中术后1年复发率5.4%、术后3年15.2%、术后5年21.2%。单因素和多因素前进法Logistic回归分析显示,术前BNI分级Ⅴ级是三叉神经痛复发的独立危险因素(OR=2.385,95%CI:1.063～5.353;P=0.035)。结论微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛安全、有效,无死亡或神经功能障碍等严重并发症。     

小脑后下动脉瘤的显微外科治疗5例报道

目的 探讨小脑后下动脉瘤(PICAA)的临床特征、显微外科治疗的方法及其效果.方法 对1998年1月-2008年10月在我院手术治疗的5例小脑后下动脉瘤的资料进行回顾分析.结果 5例患者中,4例行动脉瘤夹闭术,1例行动脉瘤夹闭及残颈包裹术.术后经6个月至10年的随访,恢复良好(GOS评分5分)4例,中度伤残(GOS评分4分)1例,无手术死亡(GOS评分1分)病例.结论 小脑后下动脉瘤发病率较低,手术入路的选择与动脉瘤的位置密切相关.术中应尽可能保护脑干、脑干穿支动脉及后组颅神经.