减重术后患者饮食行为依从性量表的汉化及信效度检验

目的 汉化减重术后饮食行为依从性量表,并进行信效度评价.方法 通过翻译、回译,跨文化调适,形成减重术后饮食行为依从性量表中文版.便利抽取201例减重术后患者进行调查,分析量表信效度.结果 中文版减重术后饮食行为依从性量表总条目内容效度指数为0.94;条目水平的内容效度指数为0.820～1.000;量表探索性因子分析特征值＞1的公因子有2个,累积方差贡献率为64.128％,且各条目在其公因子上的负荷值为0.552～0.854;总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.895,重测信度为0.835.结论 汉化版减重术后饮食行为依从性量表信效度良好,可应用于我国减重术后患者饮食行为依从性评估.     

河南省三级医院低值耗材管理现状调查

目的 了解河南省三级医院低值耗材管理现状,为低值耗材高效管理提供参考.方法 采取自制调查问卷对河南省56所三级医院的220个病区进行耗材管理现况调查.结果 耗材管理人员均为护士;耗材管理中采取传统管理模式136个病区、随时配送模式82个病区、智慧供应链模式2个病区;传统管理流程涉及盘点、申报、领取、分类、计价、效期检查等多个环节,平均耗时(242.91±8.12) min;存在耗材申领过程繁琐、耗材存放不合理、积压、过期浪费、计价不精准、溯源管理难等问题.结论 河南省三级医院低值耗材管理以护士手工管理为主,耗工耗时;医院管理者应引起高度重视,构建智能化管理平台,实现智能供应链管理,提高管理效能.     

慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现况及影响因素调查

目的 探究慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现状,分析其影响因素,为针对性干预提供参考.方法 采用便利抽样方法,选取山东省3所三甲医院儿科肾病病区的203名慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、中文版家庭抗逆力评定量表、照顾负担量表、疾病管理能力亚量表、简易版慢性肾病患儿照顾者疾病认知问卷进行调查.结果 慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力得分(95.30±9.83)分.多元逐步回归分析显示,慢性肾脏病患儿住院时间、照顾者照顾负担、疾病管理能力、疾病认知是慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力的主要影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力处于中等偏下水平,医护人员需针对家庭抗逆力影响因素加强干预,缓解照顾者照顾负担,提高其疾病认知与管理能力,为家庭提供充足资源,以有效提升家庭抗逆力,稳固家庭功能.     

ICU护士简易呼吸器临床应用知信行现状及影响因素

目的 了解ICU护士对简易呼吸器临床应用知识、态度和行为现状,并分析其影响因素,为有针对性地对ICU护士开展简易呼吸器培训提供参考.方法 采用自编的ICU护士简易呼吸器临床应用知信行问卷对重庆市二、三级医院的ICU护士699人进行横断面调查.结果 ICU护士对简易呼吸器临床应用的知识、态度、行为得分及知信行总分分别为15.87±2.91、42.34±5.76、30.82±4.52、89.03±9.74.多元线性回归分析显示,临床工作中是否使用过简易呼吸器、医院或科室是否定期组织简易呼吸器操作练习、简易呼吸器是否为年度技能考核项目是ICU护士简易呼吸器临床应用知信行总分的影响因素(P＜o.05,P＜0.01).结论 ICU护士对简易呼吸器相关知识缺乏全面掌握及更新,其态度较积极,但行为有待提高.应完善培训体系,注重理论与实践的结合,强化培训ICU护士简易呼吸器临床应用知识和行为,以提高其简易呼吸器临床应用知信行水平.     

箝式取栓治疗颅内大血管栓塞的体外模型

临床研究显示,与传统支架取栓(CSRT)比较,箝式取栓(TCET)可降低术中栓子碎裂逃逸概率,提高取栓成功率[1]。本实验旨在探讨TCET取栓机制并与CSRT比较取栓术中栓子逃逸情况。     

长链非编码RNA Linc00472靶向微小RNA-381对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的观察长链非编码RNA Linc00472(LncRNA Linc00472)靶向调控微小RNA-381(miR-381)对骨肉瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响。方法收集2017年3月至2018年5月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的骨肉瘤患者29例为研究对象,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测骨肉瘤组织和瘤旁组织中Linc00472的表达。将骨肉瘤U2OS细胞分为pcDNA3.1组、pcDNA3.1-Linc00472组、pcDNA3.1-Linc00472+miR-NC组、pcDNA3.1-Linc00472+miR-381组。甲基噻唑基四唑(MTT)检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移及侵袭。双荧光素酶报告实验鉴定Linc00472与miR-381的靶向关系。两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果Linc00472在骨肉瘤组织中的表达水平低于瘤旁组织(0.31±0.03比1.03±0.10,t=37.138,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;与pcDNA3.1组比较,pcDNA3.1-Linc00472组细胞存活率[(100.29±10.12)%比(53.29±5.44)%]低于pcDNA3.1组(t=12.272,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,迁移细胞数[(266.00±23.61)个比(124.00±12.01)个]与侵袭细胞数[(131.00±13.06)个比(62.00±6.24)个]少于pcDNA3.1组(t=16.082,P<0.05;t=14.301,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,而细胞凋亡率[(8.58±0.91)%比(26.61±2.64)%]高于pcDNA3.1组(t=19.370,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;miR-381过表达可抑制野生型载体WT-Linc00472细胞的荧光素酶活性(t=19.827,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;与pcDNA3.1-Linc00472+miR-NC组比较,pcDNA3.1-Linc00472+miR-381组可增强细胞增殖[(53.17±5.33)%比(85.26±8.62)%]、迁移[(122.00±12.31)个比(223.00±22.18)个]及侵袭[(64.00±6.36)个比(104.00±10.20)个]能力高于pcDNA3.1-Linc00472+miR-NC组(t=9.499,P<0.05;t=11.945,P<0.05;t=9.983,P<0.05),细胞凋亡率[(26.11±2.62)%比(13.11±1.34)%]低于pcDNA3.1-Linc00472+miR-NC组(t=13.253,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论LncRNA Linc00472通过靶向调控miR-381可抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭并诱导细胞凋亡。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶含十字形结构域蛋白-3和核因子-κB高表达与肝细胞癌不良进展和预后的关系

目的观察肝细胞癌中组蛋白去甲基化酶含十字形结构域蛋白-3(JMJD3)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白水平的表达,探讨两者的相关性及其蛋白表达水平与多个临床病理因素的关系。方法采用实时荧光定量反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)法检测25例新鲜肝细胞癌组织及相对应的癌旁组织中JMJD3和NF-κB信使RNA(mRNA)表达,采用免疫组织化学法检测102例肝细胞癌及相对应的癌旁组织中JMJD3和NF-κB蛋白的表达,分析其与肝细胞癌临床病理特征的关系及上述蛋白的相关性,采用生存分析法(Kaplan-Meier)法来评估JMJD3和NF-κB蛋白的异常表达与肝细胞癌患者生存期之间的关系,Cox回归模型分析JMJD3和NF-κB蛋白的表达和临床病理参数与肝细胞癌预后的关系。结果JMJD3和NF-κB mRNA在肝细胞癌组织中的表达水平均高于癌旁组织(t=-15.130、-15.030,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,肝细胞癌组织中JMJD3阳性率[87.25%(89/102)]显著高于相应癌旁组织[57.84%(59/102),χ²=22.153,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义,肝细胞癌组织中NF-κB阳性率[83.33%(85/102)]显著高于相应癌旁组织[29.41%(30/102),χ²=55.664,P<0.05],差异有统计学意义。JMJD3和NF-κB表达与甲胎蛋白水平、分化程度、有无脉管癌栓、淋巴结转移及TNM分期明显相关(P<0.05),NF-κB与结节数目明显相关(χ²=5.133,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。JMJD3蛋白高表达者的生存期高于低表达者(χ²=40.568,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义,NF-κB蛋白高表达者的生存期低于低表达者(χ²=48.803,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。Spearman相关分析结果显示JMJD3与NF-κB呈正相关(r=0.627,P<0.05)。结论JMJD3和NF-κB在肝细胞癌中的异常表达与肿瘤的浸润、转移及无病生存期明显相关。     

Milestones for autonomous in vivo microrobots in medical applications

In light of recent developments within both health care and robotics, the use of robots within the human body has become attainable. Here we discuss the milestones for the realization of autonomous microrobots in medical applications. The desired tasks were classified by identifying the difficulties and requirements faced by the robot. In addition, we classified the levels of autonomy seen in microrobots for these uses. The aim of this article is to provide readers with a good understanding of the current state and future possibilities in this field.     

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Early-Onset Tuberculosis After Liver Transplantation

BackgroundWe encountered some cases of early-onset tuberculosis (TB) after liver transplant (LT), leading to further transmission to other immunocompromised patients. Therefore, we investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors of early-onset TB after LT.MethodsAll adult patients with TB after LT from 1996 to 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Our hospital did not screen for latent TB infection (LTBI) in LT recipients because of concerns regarding the potential hepatotoxicity of anti-TB medication. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the TB onset time after LT: early-onset TB (≤2 months) and late-onset TB (>2 months).ResultsOf 4301 LT recipients, 91 patients developed TB after LT (2.1%). The median time from LT to TB development was 9.4 months. Of these 91 patients, 11 were classified as having early-onset TB (12.1%). Patients with early-onset TB had a greater pretransplant TB history than patients with late-onset TB (36.4% vs 11.3%, P = .048).ConclusionThis unusual early-onset TB was more common in patients with a pretransplant TB history, suggesting the possibility of missed TB or full manifestation of the indolent course of TB after LT. Therefore, LT recipients with a pretransplant TB history should undergo thorough screening for active TB and consider prophylaxis.     

The Prevalence,Risk Factors,and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury After Lung Transplantation: A Single-Center Cohort Study in China

PurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after lung transplantation (LTx).MethodsRecords of patients who underwent LTx in a single center were retrospectively reviewed. The prevalence of post-transplant AKI, the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and the risk factors for AKI were investigated. The effects of AKI and CRRT on short-term outcomes and long-term survival were measured.ResultsThis study included 148 patients, 67 of which developed postoperative AKI. Of these, 31 patients underwent CRRT; the percentage of cases with no AKI was 6.2%, and the percentage of cases with stage 1, 2, and 3 who used CRRT was 0%, 10%, and 86.2%, respectively. Patients with AKI had significantly higher intensive care unit mortality and in-hospital mortality. The 1-year post-LTx survival rate of patients with AKI was 47.8%, significantly lower than those without AKI (74.1%). There was no difference in 1-year survival rate of those with stage 1 and stage 2 AKI, but patients with stage 3 AKI showed the worst survival. Patients who underwent CRRT had an inferior survival outcome (9.7% vs 76.1%, P < .05). We found that higher acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.082, P = .009) and higher intraoperative fluid balance (OR 1.001, P = .012) were independent risk factors, and female sex (OR 2.539) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 2.869) were potential risk factors for post-LTx AKI. A prediction model integration of the above factors showed a good concordance with actual risks and had a concordance index (C-index) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.87).ConclusionSevere AKI requiring CRRT had a negative impact on the short-term and long-term outcomes of patients.