腹部手术后腹腔镜胆总管探查的临床体会

目的 探讨有腹部手术史患者再次行腹腔镜胆总管探查的可行性及临床疗效.方法回顾分析2002年1月～2007年1月施行的有腹部手术史的68例腹腔镜胆总管探查病例(A组),并随机选择同期进行无腹部手术史的68例腹腔镜胆总管探查病例(B组)进行比较.结果 A组有1例中转开腹,B组均无中转开腹,平均手术时间A组(118.6±25.5) min,B组(87.4±16.4) min,P＜0.05.平均住院天数A组(8.12±0.61) d,B组(7.86±0.48) d,P＞0.05.两组病例均无腹腔脏器损伤并发症.结论对多数有腹部手术史的患者来说,腹腔镜胆总管探查术是有效、可行、微创的方法.     

基于脑功能网络的抑郁症识别研究

传统基于脑电(EEG)的抑郁症研究将电极视为孤立节点,忽略了它们之间的关联性,难以发掘抑郁症患者异常大脑拓扑改变。为此,本文提出一种基于脑功能网络(BFN)的抑郁症识别框架,为避免容积导体效应,相位延迟指数用于构建BFN;以加权与二值化BFN信息互补为基础,选取"小世界"特性密切相关及最小生成树特定脑区BFN指标,采用递进式指标分析策略寻找抑郁症识别潜在标识物。本文以48名受试者静息态EEG数据用于验证方案,结果表明组间同步性在左颞、右顶枕、右额脑区明显改变;加权BFN最短路径长度和聚类系数,二值化BFN左颞和右额的叶子分数及右顶枕的直径与患者健康问卷9项(PHQ-9)之间具有相关性,且获得最高94.11%的识别率。此外,研究发现相对于健康对照者,抑郁症患者的信息处理能力明显下降。通过上述结论,期望本研究结果可为BFN构建与分析提供新的思路,为抑郁症识别潜在标识物的发掘提供新的方法。     

定量组织速度成像评价强力霉素对扩张型心肌病大鼠左心室收缩功能的影响

目的　应用定量组织速度成像技术(QTVI)评价基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂强力霉素对扩张型心肌病(DCM)大鼠模型左心室收缩功能的影响。方法　QTVI技术测量健康大鼠、DCM大鼠和强力霉素早期干预治疗后DCM大鼠二尖瓣环两个位点(后间隔和左室侧壁)的收缩期长轴方向峰值运动速度 (Vs),M型超声测量健康大鼠和DCM大鼠的左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、短轴缩短率 (FS)及射血分数 (LVEF)。结果　DCM大鼠超声测量值与正常大鼠之间差异具有显著性意义(P<0. 05);强力霉素治疗后DCM大鼠的LVEF、FS及Vs均高于未行干预治疗的DCM大鼠(P<0. 05),LVEDd小于未干预治疗的DCM大鼠(P<0. 05);所有大鼠的二尖瓣环两个位点Vs的平均值与LVEF(r=0. 86,P<0. 001)、FS(r=0. 83, P<0. 001)分别高度相关。结论　QTVI技术能无创性定量评价强力霉素有效限制DCM大鼠左室重构、改善左室收缩功能的作用。     

门脉高压症时脾静脉的病理改变及其临床意义

目的 探讨门脉高压症时脾静脉类粥样硬化改变的发生率、形态及其临床意义。 方法 对尸检正常脾静脉和门脉高压症切除脾静脉各20例进行光镜观察。后者5例斑块进行电镜观察。 结果 正常脾静脉有瓣膜样结构。门脉高压症时脾静脉内膜结节性斑块及弥漫性增厚;中膜显著增厚;外膜多见急慢性炎。斑块以平滑肌细胞增生为主。 结论 门脉高压症时脾静脉皆有类粥样硬化改变,但与动脉粥样硬化有区别。了解脾静脉的病理改变及程度,对脾肾分流术选择合适的术式及吻合口部位以减少吻合口栓塞有一定意义。     

Emergency endoscopic nasobiliary drainage for acute calculous suppurative cholangitis and its potential use in chemical dissolution

Abstract Acute suppurative cholangitis is one of the common causes of acute abdomen in Taiwan. Emergency decompression is a life-saving procedure if patients fail to respond to antibiotic treatment. From July 1988 to June 1991, 224 patients were encountered with concomitant bile duct stones and cholangitis; 40 were brought to the emergency service with shock or mental confusion or responded poorly to antibiotic treatment. The patients consisted of 20 males and 20 females aged 21–81 years (mean age 64 years); 55% had intrahepatic duct stones, 50% had positive blood culture, 38% had undergone previous biliary surgery, 25% had concomitant medical illnesses and 20% presented with mental confusion. Emergent endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) was performed within 48 h of each patient's arrival in the emergency room. In 3 days all the patients exhibited significant improvement as defined by body temperature, vital signs, white blood cell count, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphates levels. When their condition had stabilized, 21 patients underwent elective surgery. Six patients received ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid infusion through an ENBD tube. Two of the patients' stones dissolved completely. Six patients received papillotomy with stone removal. The remaining patients refused further treatment. There was no hospital mortality. It is therefore concluded that ENBD offers an effective treatment for acute calculus suppurative cholangitis and it is a potential route of administration for the chemical dissolution of bile duct stones.     

实验性脂肪肝大鼠肠道Cajal间质细胞的研究

背景：随着社会经济的飞速发展，脂肪肝的发病率呈逐年增高的趋势。目前关于脂肪肝对胃肠动力影响的研究仍较少，尤其是对并发症的影响因素及其相关机制。目的：观察实验性脂肪肝大鼠空肠Cajal间质细胞数量的变化，探讨其与胃肠动力的相关性。方法：35只Sprague—Dawley（SD）大鼠分为脂肪肝模型组和对照组，其中脂肪肝模型组25只，对照组10只。以高脂饲料喂养大鼠制备脂肪肝模型。造模12周后，以蓝色葡聚糖-2000灌胃，通过检测大鼠小肠推进率评估肠道动力。免疫组化染色检测空肠c—kit阳性Cajal间质细胞的变化。结果：脂肪肝模型制备成功。与对照组相比。脂肪肝模型组肠道动力显著减弱（P〈0．05）。空肠c—kit阳性Cajal间质细胞显著减少（P〈0．05）。结论：脂肪肝大鼠肠道动力减弱可能与空肠CaM间质细胞减少有关。     

Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients with Clockwise Atrial Flutter

RF Catheter Ablation of Clockwise Atrial Flutter. introduction: Although the mechanism and radiofrequency catheter ablation of counterclockwise (typical) atrial flutter have been studied extensively, information about the electrocardiographic and electropbysiologic characteristics and effects of radiofrequency ablation in patients with clockwise atrial flutter is limited. Methods and Results: Thirty consecutive patients with clinically documented paroxysmal clockwise atrial flutter were studied. Endocardial recordings and entrainment study using a “halo” catheter with 10 electrode pairs in the right atrium were performed. Radiofrequency energy was applied to the inferior vena cava-tricuspid annulus (IVC-TA) and/or coronary sinus ostium-tricuspid annulus (CSO-TA) isthmus to evaluate the effects of linear catheter ablation. Eighteen patients had both counterclockwise and clockwise atrial flutters, and 12 patients had only clockwise atrial flutter. Both forms of atrial flutter had similar flutter cycle lengths (232 ± 30 vs 226 ± 25 msec, P = 0.526) but reverse activation sequences. Right atrial pacing at a cycle length 20 msec shorter than the flutter cycle length from the CSO-TA isthmus, IVC-TA isthmus, and the area between the two isthmuses revealed concealed entrainment with stimulus-to-P wave intervals of 32 ± 19, 95 ± 14, and 50 ± 17 msec (P = 0.022) in the counterclockwise form, and 110 ± 12, 40 ± 20, and 60 ± 15 msec (P = 0.018) in the clockwise form. In clockwise atrial flutter, 20 patients with biphasic P waves in the inferior leads had the presumed exit site of slow conduction area located at the low posterolateral right atrium; 10 patients with positive P waves in the inferior leads had the presumed exit site located at the mid-high posterolateral right atrium. Among the 18 patients with both forms of atrial flutter, linear ablation lesions directed at the IVC-TA isthmus eliminated both forms of atrial flutter in 14 patients; in the remaining 4 patients. CSO-TA linear lesions eliminated the counterclockwise form and IVC-TA lesions eliminated the clockwise form. Among the 12 patients with the clockwise form only, CSO-TA linear lesions eliminated flutter in 2 and IVC-TA linear lesions eliminated flutter in 10 patients. Successful ablation was confirmed by creation of bidirectional conduction block in the IVC-TA and/or CSO-TA isthmus during pacing from the proximal coronary sinus and right posterolateral atrium sandwiching the linear lesions. During the follow-up period of 17 ± 8 months, 2 patients had recurrence of clockwise atrial flutter, 1 patient had new onset of atypical atrial flutter, and 2 patients had new onset of atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: Counterclockwise and clockwise atrial flutters may have overlapping slow conduction areas with different exit sites. Radiofrequency catheter ablation using the linear method directed at the IVC-TA and CSO-TA isthmuses was feasible and effective in treating both forms of atrial flutter.     

住院新生儿212例维生素A水平及相关因素分析

目的 分析212例住院新生儿血浆维生素A(VA)浓度及各种因素对VA浓度的影响,为临床干预提供理论依据。方法 采用高效液相色谱法检测2017年6-12月212例住院新生儿血浆VA浓度。并收集新生儿的基本资料。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件分析各种因素对VA浓度影响。结果 VA缺乏(VAD)189例,比例达89.1%;性别、年龄、血糖、感染、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)均为影响VA浓度的因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);VA水平与C反应蛋白呈负相关(r=-0.167,P=0.015);母亲VA水平与新生儿VA水平无相关性(P>0.05);性别(OR=0.465,95%CI:0.237~0.913,P=0.026)、感染(OR=2.583,95%CI:1.135~5.876,P=0.024)是临床VAD危险因素。结论 晋城市新生儿VA缺乏状况较严重,男婴感染的新生儿更容易发生临床VA缺乏。     

基于PCR-RDB法对陕西地区HCV基因型别的研究

目的 探讨聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)-反向点杂交法(reverse dot blot,RDB)在陕西地区丙型肝炎病毒基因分型中的应用.方法 选取陕西地区610例丙型肝炎患者,利用PCR-RDB法进行丙肝病毒基因型检测,并使用SPSS对检测结果进行统计学分析. 结果 610例丙肝患者检出1b型273例(44.75％),2a型286例(46.89％),3a型30例(4.92％),3b型11例(1.80％),6a型10例(1.64％);各基因型间的患者性别比例的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与其他基因型别相比,HCV 3a型患者年龄水平最低,差异显著(P＜0.05). 结论 陕西地区丙肝病毒以2a、1b型为主,患者性别及年龄与所感染HCV型别有关联性;PCR-RDB技术在丙型肝炎病毒基因分型中的应用有利于HCV分型在临床上的推广.     

太极拳运动对血液透析患者焦虑抑郁状态和睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨太极拳运动对血液透析患者焦虑、抑郁状态和睡眠质量的影响。方法采用非随机、同期对照研究的方法,按照纳排标准入选后,根据患者意愿将愿意参加太极拳运动的40例患者作为干预组,同时在所有符合入组条件的患者中选取年龄、体质量指数相匹配的40例患者作为对照组。两组患者均予常规血液透析治疗及护理,干预组在此基础上接受由研究者提供的规律太极拳运动;对照组日常活动照常,但不采取任何运动干预。6个月后对两组患者的焦虑、抑郁状态和睡眠质量进行评价。结果共有71例患者完成研究,退出9例(干预组6例,对照组3例)。6个月后,干预组的焦虑和抑郁得分均低于对照组(焦虑自评量表得分:46.36±8.21比50.49±9.88,t=-3.848,P=0.001;抑郁自评量表得分:41.39±9.04比51.39±10.25,t=-4.862,P=0.001),匹兹堡睡眠质量指数总分(7.15±4.27比9.29±4.02,t=-2.194,P=0.032)及睡眠持续性(0.91±0.83比1.39±1.08,t=-2.110,P=0.038)、睡眠效率(0.71±0.94比1.53±1.16,t=-3.281,P=0.002)两个因子得分均低于对照组。结论太极拳运动能改善血液透析患者的焦虑、抑郁状态,并能提高睡眠质量,可以作为血液透析患者选择的一种运动方式,值得临床推广。