Gustilo Ⅲ型开放性骨折早期感染的治疗

目的 探讨Gustilo Ⅲ型开放性骨折早期感染的治疗措施并评估负压封闭引流(VSD)技术的应用价值. 方法 2006年12月至2008年1月,收治Gustilo Ⅲ型骨盆和四肢开放性骨折经治疗并发早期感染患者46例,其中ⅢA型11例,ⅢB型28例,ⅢC型7例.所有患者初期已行骨折和血管的固定或修复,遗留创面或皮肤坏死范周大小为3 cm×2 cm～50 cm × 35 cm.所有病例均先行清创,更换不恰当的骨折固定方式或调整外固定架固定位置,在感染的肌肉间隙、关节间隙、骨折间隙等分区、分层应用VSD,并根据置管部位和引流情况决定拔管次序和时间.创面有新鲜肉芽组织生长后,12例行皮瓣移植和肌瓣移植,34例36处伤u皮片植皮或缝合修复创面.创面愈合后3～6个月视骨折愈合进度和骨折固定稳定情况保留原有固定或更换永久性骨折固定物. 结果本组46例均保肢成功,创面感染均得到控制.游离植皮及组织瓣移植一次全部成活44例,2例游离植皮者由于面积大、术后患者搓动遗留有小创面,经再次植皮后完全消火创面.所有患者体温、血像正常,局部尤窦道、无疼痛,骨折愈合时间5～12个月,肢体功能良好. 结论开放性骨折感染的早期发现和及时处理可以获得较好的预后,分区、分层应用VSD是一种有效的治疗措施.     

外固定器在前臂复合组织缺损修复中的应用

Objective To discuss the curative effect of the external fixator for complex tissue defect in the forearm. Methods From May, 2005 through December, 2008, the external fixtors were used in 17 patients to treat the complex tissue defect in the forearm caused by trauma. There were 11 male and 6 female, with a mean age of 25.6. All patients were accompanied with the exposure of tendon, muscle or screw. The skin defect ranged from 7 cm × 4 cm to 19 cm × 9 cm. ALl patients underwent pediele flap repair. The flap ranged from 10 cm × 6 cm to 20 cm × 15 cm. The proximal pedicle of the flap was sutured into a tubular. The position of the pediele was fixed by the external fixator. The pin was at the ulnar and the iliac (n = 5), and the radius and the iliac (n = 12). The immobilization lasted 3 to 8 weeks, 5. I weeks in average. Results All patients were followed up for 3 to 20 months, 11.3 in average. All pedicle flaps survived with no pressure ulcer, or no erosion in the axilla. No compartment syndrome or osteomyelitis occurred. Four to six week after surgery, the pedicle was cut. Infection occurred at the cutting end in 1 patient. The wound healed after addressing The wound in the other 16 patients healed successfully. The fracture of the ulnar and the radius healed 8. 5 or 15 weeks after surgery, 13.5 weeks in average. Eleven patients underwent second stage reshape and function restoration. The function of the hands and forearms recovered satisfactorily. Eleven patients returned to their work. Six patients can live with basic function for living. Conclusions The external flxator used for complex tissue defect in the forearm can keep the position of the pedicle, replacing plaster fixation. It can reduce the incidence of flap and vessel spasm, and get good outcomes.     

浮膝合并血管神经损伤的救治分析

目的 探讨浮膝合并血管神经损伤的临床救治特点。方法 收治浮膝合并血管神经损伤15例,骨折按张伯勋分类方法分成3型：Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型4例,分别采用交锁髓内钉、钢板和外固定架固定。血管神经损伤包括：股动静脉4例,腘动静脉4例 ,腘动静脉6例,胫前、胫后动脉同时损伤2例;坐骨神经损伤5例,胫神经2例,腓总神经3例;血管神经同时损伤8例。血管损伤采用血管端-端吻合、静脉移植桥接、血管修补或解除血管压迫。神经损伤采用神经松解、端-端吻合、神经移植。结果 15例中,合并脏器损伤死亡1例,多发骨折、术后严重感染行截3肢1例,肢体成活13例。13例得到随访,随访6～45个月,骨折在6个月内获得愈合12例。膝关节功能采用Merchan标准评定,优11例,可1例,差1例 ,膝关节功能的优良率为85％。结论 浮膝合并血管神经损伤,只要掌握好手术时机并尽早手术,选择合适的骨折固定方案,熟练利用显微外科技术处理血管神经损伤,伤肢能够得以保全恢复良好的功能。浮膝的分型中应增加伴发血管神经损伤的分型。     

股深动脉血流重建治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（附28例报告）

目的：总结股深动脉血流重建治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的经验。方法：以股深动脉作为流入道和流出道施行旁路转流术,共4种手术方式：①腹主-股深动脉旁路转流术;②股-股深动脉旁路转流术;③股深动脉成形术;④股深动脉-腘动脉旁路转流术。结果：治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症28例,共38条患肢。本组28例已随访5~60个月,平均24个月。疗效良好者20例;1例症状好转;3例保留足跟的截足者,仅保持户内活动,但生活可自理;1例术后6个月因严重感染行膝下截肢术。结论：当髂股或股浅动脉广泛性闭塞时,股深动脉作为流入道和流出道,为重建下肢血液循环起重要作用。股深动脉血流重建治疗严重肢体缺血简单,安全,有效。     

外固定器在前臂复合组织缺损修复中的应用

Objective To discuss the curative effect of the external fixator for complex tissue defect in the forearm. Methods From May, 2005 through December, 2008, the external fixtors were used in 17 patients to treat the complex tissue defect in the forearm caused by trauma. There were 11 male and 6 female, with a mean age of 25.6. All patients were accompanied with the exposure of tendon, muscle or screw. The skin defect ranged from 7 cm × 4 cm to 19 cm × 9 cm. ALl patients underwent pediele flap repair. The flap ranged from 10 cm × 6 cm to 20 cm × 15 cm. The proximal pedicle of the flap was sutured into a tubular. The position of the pediele was fixed by the external fixator. The pin was at the ulnar and the iliac (n = 5), and the radius and the iliac (n = 12). The immobilization lasted 3 to 8 weeks, 5. I weeks in average. Results All patients were followed up for 3 to 20 months, 11.3 in average. All pedicle flaps survived with no pressure ulcer, or no erosion in the axilla. No compartment syndrome or osteomyelitis occurred. Four to six week after surgery, the pedicle was cut. Infection occurred at the cutting end in 1 patient. The wound healed after addressing The wound in the other 16 patients healed successfully. The fracture of the ulnar and the radius healed 8. 5 or 15 weeks after surgery, 13.5 weeks in average. Eleven patients underwent second stage reshape and function restoration. The function of the hands and forearms recovered satisfactorily. Eleven patients returned to their work. Six patients can live with basic function for living. Conclusions The external flxator used for complex tissue defect in the forearm can keep the position of the pedicle, replacing plaster fixation. It can reduce the incidence of flap and vessel spasm, and get good outcomes.     

急性肾功能不全为首发表现的急性单核细胞白血病1例

患者 ,男 ,5 3岁 ,1个月前因“感冒”后出现食欲不振 ,全身乏力 ,腰痛 ,于北京天坛医院化验血 WBC2 0× 1 0 9/L,血 BUN 8.3 mmol/L,Cr 1 5 8μmol/L,UA6 99μmol/L,尿蛋白 (- ) ,诊断为“肾病”。回当地医院口服“保肾康、速尿”等药物 ,1周前出现胸闷、憋气、腰痛明显、双下肢浮肿 ,2 4 h尿量约 70 0ml。于 2 0 0 1年 8月 1 8日入我院。体检 :P1 0 4 /min,BP 1 3 0 /1 0 0 mm Hg,颜面及双下肢浮肿 ,双肾区有叩痛。化验血常规 WBC 1 8.5× 1 0 9/L,N 0 . 80 ,L0 .2 0 ,RBC 475× 1 0 12 /L,Hb 1 3 8g/L,PLT 2 1 6×1 0 12 /L…     

维持性血液透析患者外周血单个核细胞早期凋亡

目的　研究维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC)早期凋亡 (Annexin V)。　方法　应用流式细胞仪 (FCM)定量检测终末期肾衰竭未透析患者 (ND)、醋酸纤维膜透析患者 (CA)、聚砜膜透析患者 (PS)和健康自愿者 (C)各10例的 PBMC体外无刺激培养 2 4 h后 Annexin V的表达。　结果　 ND组 Annexin V表达显著高于 C组和 PS组 ,CA组显著高于 C组和 PS组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 PS组与 C组、CA组与 ND组差异不显著。 Annexin V与 Ccr间呈显著负相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　透析和尿毒症本身可诱导外周血单个核细胞凋亡增加 ,生物相容性较好的透析膜可减轻细胞凋亡     

人可溶性APO2L/TRAIL基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的利用基因工程技术原核表达人可溶性APO2L并复性纯化成具生物活性形式。方法用PCR方法扩增APO2LcDNA(密码子114～281)并克隆至表达载体,重组体转化大肠杆菌JF1125摇瓶发酵,筛选高表达克隆于发酵罐经温度诱导表达。经盐酸胍溶解,空气氧化法稀释复性,超滤,Q-SepharoseFF阴离子交换柱层析等方法纯化人可溶性APO2L。利用流式细胞术检测产物对细胞的诱导凋亡活性。结果表达产物约占菌体总蛋白质的20%并在菌体内形成了包涵体,SDS-     

血液透析对尿毒症患者外周血T细胞亚群的影响

目的　探讨终末期尿毒症患者外周血T细胞亚群功能以及血液透析对其的影响。方法　应用流式细胞仪法检测 30例透析及未透析患者外周血T细胞表面的CD3、及其亚群CD4及CD8抗原表达。结果　尿毒症未透析组 (NHD组 )的外周血T细胞的CD3、CD4和CD8表达及CD4+ /CD8+ 比值均显著低于正常对照组 (P<0 0 5 ) ;透析组 (HD组 )与NHD组相比 ,其CD3、CD4和CD8值及CD4+ /CD8+ 比值均显著上升 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中CD8值接近于正常对照组。结论　尿毒症患者的T细胞免疫功能明显失衡 ,血液透析疗法能够部分改善患者的T细胞亚群免疫功能。