极速实时荧光聚合酶链反应与常规方法对新型布尼亚病毒检测的评价

目的探讨极速实时荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)、实时荧光PCR、酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和胶体金免疫层析法(gold immunochromatography assay,GICA)4种方法检测新型布尼亚病毒的特异度和灵敏度,为发热伴血小板减少综合征的早期诊断提供依据。方法采集2017年6月1日至9月30日山东大学附属济南市传染病医院86例临床诊断为发热伴血小板减少综合征患者的血清样本,分别应用极速实时荧光PCR、实时荧光PCR、ELISA和GICA 4种方法进行检测。统计学分析采用χ^2检验。结果86份患者血清标本中,极速实时荧光PCR、实时荧光PCR、IgM-ELISA、IgG-ELISA、IgM-GICA、IgG-GICA的新型布尼亚病毒阳性分别为82份(95.34%)、79份(91.86%)、41份(47.67%)、8份(9.3%)、19份(22.09%)和3份(3.49%)。极速实时荧光PCR特异度为100%,灵敏度达到1×103拷贝/mL,3次重复扩增试验显示其Ct值变异系数均<2%。在发热伴血小板减少综合征进展的1期、2期、3期病程中,极速实时荧光PCR的阳性检出率为41份(97.62%)、34份(94.44%)、7份(87.50%),实时荧光PCR的阳性检出率为39份(92.86%)、33份(91.67%)、7份(87.50%),在1期和2期两个病程,极速实时荧光PCR阳性检出率略高;IgM-ELISA阳性检出率从1期(28.57%)到3期(87.50%)显著增高,2期、3期与1期相比,差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=8.347、7.561,均P<0.01);IgM-GICA的阳性检出率从1期(14.29%)到2期(33.33%)也有增高,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=3.962,P<0.05),但与其他方法相比,其检出率偏低。1期,实时荧光PCR阳性检出率显著高于ELISA(IgM和IgG)和GICA(IgM和IgG),差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=33.740、55.080、49.010、64.340,均P<0.01)。2期,实时荧光PCR的阳性检出率高于ELISA(IgM和IgG)和GICA(IgM和IgG),差异均有统计学意义(χ^2=7.700、46.720、23.700、50.630,均P<0.01)。3期,极速实时荧光PCR、实时荧光PCR和IgM-ELISA表现出同样高的阳性检出率,远高于IgG-ELISA和GICA(IgM和IgG)。实时荧光PCR阳性检出率和IgG-ELISA、IgM-GICA、IgG-GICA之间差异均有统计学意义(均χ^2=6.250,P<0.05)。结论极速实时荧光PCR在新型布尼亚病毒的早期检测中有更高的灵敏度和特异度,且重复性好、稳定度高,与传统实时荧光PCR相比大大缩短了扩增时间,对发热伴血小板减少综合征的早期快速诊断具有重要价值。     

Double-balloon enteroscopy for retrieving retained small-bowel video capsule endoscopes: a systematic review

Abstract

Background and aim: Capsule retention is the most common adverse event associated with video capsule endoscopy. The use of double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted capsule endoscope retrieval has been increasingly reported in recent years. However, evidence is limited regarding its success rate, associated factors, and subsequent clinical outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review of relevant studies published before January 2019 was performed. Successful retrieval rate and associated factors, rate of endoscopic balloon dilation, and outcomes after double-balloon enteroscopy were summarized and pooled.

Results: Within 154 associated original articles, 12 including 150 cases of capsule retrieval by double-balloon enteroscopy were included. The estimated pooled successful retrieval rate was 86.5% (95% confidence interval, 75.6–95.1%). Anterograde approach and capsules retained in the jejunum or trapped by malignant strictures were associated with a higher successful retrieval rate than the retrograde approach (62/83 [74.7%] vs. 10/38 [26.3%], p?<?.001) and capsules retained in the ileum (41/41 [100.0%] vs. 43/58 [74.1%], p?<?.001) or trapped by benign strictures (21/21 [100.0%] vs. 65/83 [78.3%], p?=?.043). Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed in 38.8% (95% confidence interval, 22.3–56.3%) of patients with benign strictures. Two perforations (1.3%) were reported as severe adverse events after double-balloon enteroscopy. A significantly lower surgery rate was found among cases with successful video capsule removal compared with unsuccessful cases (7.2% vs. 38.5%, p?=?.002).

Conclusions: Double-balloon enteroscopy is feasible and safe for removing retained video capsule endoscopes, and its use could decrease the need for surgery in patients with benign strictures and facilitate subsequent surgery in patients with malignant strictures.     

左金丸抗幽门螺杆菌感染的分子网络调控机制研究

目的基于网络药理学和生物信息学方法探究左金丸抗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的分子网络调控机制。方法通过中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)检索左金丸化学成分,筛选并预测其入血活性成分和作用靶点,检索疾病数据库中与Hp感染相关的作用靶点,构建左金丸成分靶点与疾病靶点的交互网络,获得左金丸抗Hp的特征性基因;通过DAVID6.8数据库对上述特征性基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路富集分析;利用Cytohubba筛选出左金丸抗Hp感染的关键靶点。结果通过TCMSP筛选、预测得到左金丸32个入血活性成分和197个作用靶点。GO分析共得到199条富集结果,其中生物过程包含炎症反应、RNA信号转录、信号传导等152条,细胞组分包含细胞核、细胞外基质、蛋白复合物等19条,分子功能包含细胞因子活性、DNA结合、ATP结合等28条。KEGG分析结果显示,Jak-STAT信号通路、T细胞受体信号通路、细胞周期信号通路、Wnt信号通路等65条通路与左金丸抗Hp感染密切相关。经Cytohubba筛选得到CXCL8、IL10、IL4、VEGFA、MMP9等10个关键基因。结论左金丸抗Hp感染具有多成分、多靶点、多通路协同作用的特点,可为其活性成分研究和抗Hp药效及机制研究提供依据。     

Prevalence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) predisposition gene mutations among 882 HBOC high‐risk Chinese individuals

Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P < .05). In the breast cancer subgroup, 31 deleterious mutations were identified in 261 patients. Besides BRCA1 (8; 25.8%) and BRCA2 (11; 35.5%), the most frequently occurring genes, an additional 12 deleterious mutations (38.7%) were found in seven other susceptibility genes. Higher mutation incidence (57.9%) was observed in subjects with histories of breast and ovarian cancer. Our results highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment.     

积极主动为贫困人口服务--上海市北站医院平价病房的案例调查

目的:对上海市一所国有民营医院的平价病房进行案例调查,了解运行状况、经验及存在问题。方法:相关人员访谈和现场观察。结果:该院设立了14张床位的平价病房,收治对象是低保户、特困户及经济困难的外来务工人员。对医保病人和自费病人设定不同的减免优惠方案,包括减免50.0%的床位费和10.0%的护理、检查、治疗及手术等劳务费用(药费除外)。以收治急性病为主,住院时间原则上不超过2周。出院病人总费用的实际减免率约为6.0%￣10.0%。结论:创办平价病房的方向应予肯定。是民营机构委托管理医院的一种公益性(非营利性)的表现,对其他公立医疗机构具有促进作用。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚用于全麻术前减少腺体分泌的研究

目的评价盐酸戊乙奎醚作为全麻术前用药减少腺体分泌的有效性与安全性。方法本研究采用多中心随机双盲平行对照观察。298例全麻病人随机分为三组,术前分别肌肉注射阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚或注射用水,测定注射后30min唾液分泌量。用视觉模拟评分(VAS)方法测定口干程度,记录不良反应。结果给药后30min,阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚和注射用水组唾液分泌量分别较给药前变化(-17·64±19·53)、(-22·30±21·04)和(2·71±19·46)mg。VAS阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚组用药后明显增加。给药后30min,阿托品、盐酸戊乙奎醚和注射用水组HR分别较给药前变化(1·65±8·82)、(-4·30±7·01)和(-0·54±6·49)次/分。观察期间无严重不良反应。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚作为全麻术前用药,可明显减少唾液分泌,无HR增快,无明显不良反应。     

论护士审美修养的条件和形式

护士的审美修养是全面提升护士自身素质的内在要求,以人的健康长寿、职业道德以及护士内在美与外在美的统一为条件.学校教育、社会教育、自然美教育、艺术美教育是其基本途径.护士审美修养贵在自觉和持之以恒.     

胃肠道间质瘤的预后

随着对胃肠道间质瘤（gastrointestinal stromal tumor，GIST）分子生物学的认识和激酶抑制剂类靶向治疗药物的诞生，GIST的预后也发生了明显改善，疾病缓解率和手术切除率显著提高，生存期延长。不同的临床病理因素和治疗方法对GIST病人生存期具有根本影响。     

磺柳酸法在Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪尿液测定中的应用

目的探讨磺柳酸法在Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪尿液测定中的应用价值。方法用磺柳酸法对离心后的尿液样本中的蛋白质进行半定量测定,并用Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪测定α1微球蛋白α1-MG、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)在各个稀释度的测定范围,结合尿液蛋白质半定量结果和各个项目在不同稀释度的测定范围设定初始的标本稀释度。结果蛋白质半定量结果不同的尿液标本用Ar-ray360进行测定时,各个项目有其合适的初始标本稀释度。结论磺柳酸法在Array360全自动特定蛋白分析仪尿液的测定中有重要的应用价值,可大幅度节约试剂成本,缩短测定时间。