Conditioned taste aversion using four different means to deliver sucrose to rats

A solution of sucrose either to be drunk from a drinking tube-self-drinking procedure (SD)-or perfused intraorally as a consequence of nose-pokes-self-administration procedure (SA)-or perfused as a consequence of licking an empty tube (LA)-was paired with an LiCl-induced malaise in rats. The effects were compared to those of a procedure consisting of intraoral administration (IO) of sucrose not contingent to any specific action of the rat. Similar levels of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) were obtained but extinction in the IO procedure was quicker than in the SA procedure, which was itself quicker than in the SD procedure. Extinctions in the IO and LA procedures resembled one another and were quicker than in the SD procedure. A step towards deciding between several explanatory hypotheses of these differences was made by conducting two more experiments. The third experiment was based on reinstatement, or not, of the conditioning procedure for the test after standard IO extinction. CTA was produced only when SD was used both at conditioning and test. A fourth experiment was based on latent inhibition where the procedure was changed, or not, between preexposure and conditioning. Latent inhibition was absent only when the rats had been preexposed to sucrose with the SA procedure and conditioned with the SD procedure.     

无症状性脑梗死患者的心理功能测评

随着高敏度的脑成像技术如ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ在临床的广泛应用 ,发现了许多临床上无明显症状、体征或症状、体征与既往卒中史不相关的梗死灶 ,称之为无症状性脑梗死 (ａｓｙｍｐｔｏｍａｔｉｃｉｎｆａｒｃｔ)或静止性脑梗死(ｓｉｌｅｎｔｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｉｎｆａｒｃｔｉｏｎ ,ＳＣＩ)。虽然这些病人经传统的神经系统检查未发现明显的异常 ,但有学者认为他们存在明显的认知功能障碍、精细运动障碍及情感障碍等。本文对 38例ＳＣＩ及 30例对照组进行了认知功能、记忆、精细运动、感知觉及情感等方面的评价 ,有利于ＳＣＩ以及血管性痴呆的早期防…     

颈深筋膜及筋膜间隙的计算机三维重建

目的 :对颈深筋膜及深筋膜间隙进行计算机三维重建以显示其立体结构。方法 :用生物塑化技术制作薄层断面标本 ,在SGI工作站上 ,采用双线提取筋膜及间隙轮廓的方法对颈深筋膜及其间隙进行了三维重建。结果 :重建出咽后间隙、颈动脉间隙和内脏间隙及颈部的大血管和重要器官。重建结构均能单独显示、任意搭配显示或总体显示 ,可在三维空间位置上绕任意轴旋转任意角度。结构 :用双线法提取筋膜及间隙轮廓 ,能重建出筋膜间隙并能同时清楚显示间隙内的结构 ,为筋膜间隙的计算机三维重建提供了一种新的方法     

人巨细胞病毒UL143基因在临床低传代分离株中的多态性研究

目的 探讨人巨细胞病毒(human eytomegalovirus,HCMV)UL143序列在临床患儿低传代分离株中的多态性及其与临床疾病的关系.方法 对19株HCMV临床低传代分离株进行HCMV-UL143 PCR扩增分析及伞序列测定分析.结果 19株HCMV感染患儿临床分离株均因碱基插入造成移码突变,开放阅读框架(ORF)比Toledo株短.根据序列变异情况可将19个序列分为2组,第1组16个序列新增一个MYRISTYL位点;缺失2个PKC磷酸化位点.未发现黄疸、小头畸形、先天性巨结肠等不同疾病类型的序列之间的差异.结论 HCMV-UL143较多存在于临床低传代分离株中,序列呈现一定多态性.     

hIL-2分泌肽序列在HepG2细胞中对hEndostatin表达和分泌差异的影响

目的:了解分泌肽序列在HepG2细胞中对人内皮抑素基因(hEndostatin)的cDNA表达和分泌差异的影响。方法:构建不含hIL-2分泌肽序列的真核表达载体pBlast-hEndo质粒, 转染人的HepG2细胞株, 用RT-PCR的方法检测HepG2(pBlast-hIL2-hEndo), HepG2(pBlast-hEndo), HepG2(pBlast-Mcs)和HepG2中hEndostatin的mRNA表达水平, 及制备4种细胞的总蛋白和收集各自的培养上清, 进行Westernblot分析蛋白表达和分泌的差异。结果:发现HepG2(pBlast-hIL2-hEndo)中hEndostatin的mRNA的水平显著高于HepG2(pBlast-hEndo)。而仅在HepG2(pBlast-hIL-2-hEndo)的细胞总蛋白和上清, 及HepG2(pBlast-hEndo)的细胞总蛋白中检测到hEndostatin表达, 在其它各株细胞总蛋白及上清中, 未检测到hEndostatin。结论:hIL-2分泌肽序列能促进hEndostatin基因在HepG2细胞中表达及分泌。     

低氧对心脏成纤维细胞增殖细胞核抗原表达与表型的影响

目的:观察不同程度低氧对乳鼠心脏成纤维细胞(CFs)增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达与表型的影响。方法:分离、纯化、培养乳鼠CFs, 随机分为3组:对照组、中度低氧组和重度低氧组, 以四唑盐(MTT)比色法检测细胞的增殖情况, 采用免疫组织化学的方法检测PCNA的表达情况, 电镜观察细胞的超微结构, 并采用激光共聚焦显微镜检测各组细胞内α-actin的表达情况。结果:中度低氧组MTT的490nm吸光度值(A_490nm)较对照组增加(18.4±25.0)%(P＜0.05), 而重度低氧组A490nm值较对照组降低(15.8±25.0)%(P＜0.05)。免疫组化结果显示:对照组CFs的PCNA有一定的基础表达, 核内阳性反应颗粒较少, 染色强度为(92.2±9.1)%AU, 中度低氧组CFs的PCNA染色强阳性, 可见密集的阳性反应颗粒, 染色强度为(128.0±11.4)%AU(P＜0.05vs对照组), 重度低氧组CFs核内无明显的阳性反应颗粒, 染色强度为(89.9±8.4)%AU。透射电镜下, 正常组CFs呈梭形, 胞浆内有丰富的粗面内质网和高尔基复合体, 线粒体和微丝的含量较少, 无基膜存在, 呈典型的成纤维细胞表型。中度低氧刺激72h, CFs粗面内质网明显减少, 胞浆内出现大量的微丝, 以质膜下分布最多, 呈现肌成纤维细胞表型。重度低氧组CFs内仅有少量的微丝。激光共聚焦显微镜显示, 对照组CFs内无明显的α-actin表达, 平均荧光值为1119.31±112.24。中度低氧组细胞内出现大量规则排列的成束的微丝, α-actin表达显著增加, 平均荧光值为1638.37±173.42(P＜0.05vs对照组)。重度低氧组细胞内α-actin表达较少, 平均荧光值为1227.52±228.33, 与对照组无显著差异。结论:中度低氧可使乳鼠CFsPCNA表达增加, 并且出现肌成纤维细胞的表型特点, 而重度低氧无此作用, 其具体机制尚待进一步研究。     

CHONDROID SYRINGOMA (MIXED TUMOR OF THE SKIN)

The clinicopathology of 13 cases of chondroid syringoma were examined. The ages of the patients ranged from 26 to 86 years, with an average of 48 years. There were eight males and five females. Ten tumors out of the thirteen appeared on the face. Only one patient out of ten was suspected of recurrence in follow-up information. Histologically, all tumors consisted of epithelial cells, chondroid or myxoid matrix, and other strumal elements. The tumors were histologically classified into two types; twelve tumors had tubular and cystic lumina lined by two layers of epithelial cells, and only one case had small lumina lined by only a single layer. By an immunohistochemical study with a PAP method, positive stainings of keratin were observed in all cases, and S-100 protein in all but one. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed features of an epithelial cell. Some ultrastructural differences were noted between two types of chondroid syringoma. Type I tumor cells had many tonofilaments in cytoplasm, but cytoplasmic filaments in type II were of the intermediate-type.     

FINE STRUCTURE OF NEUROBLASTOMA—A CASE REPORT—

Ultrastructural observation was carried out on neuroblastoma cells in a 4-year-old girl. The nuclei of these neoplastic cells were irregular with occasional cytoplasmic invaginations, and proportionally large with diffusely dispersed chromatin substance. Rare mitotic figures were also present. The cell-to-cell interfaces were relatively simple with only finely wavy membranes but without interdigitations. A few desmosomes were, however, apparent. The cytoplasmic pseudopodes were frequently observed in a limited area of the cell surface and nearly free of organelles. The main findings of the intracytoplasmic organelles consisted of some mitochondrial changes, poor development of Golgi bodies, occasional formation of focal cytoplasmic degradation, and intracytoplasmic Abrillar aggregates. Numerous large round to oval dense bodies encircled by a double membrane were highly suggestive of lipid bodies. The central area of rosette-like cell aggregates was noted to be composed of cytoplasmic processes of neoplastic cells.     

人干扰素基因植物表达载体的构建及其在人参愈伤组织细胞中的表达

目的：利用组织培养人参愈伤组织细胞表达人干扰素，探讨用植物细胞表达人类基因的可行性。方法：用PCR从pBV889扩增人干扰素α2b（hIFN-α2b）编码基因，将其克隆于pMD18-T载体和pBI121，进而构建植物细胞表达载体pBIFN。用冻融法将pBIFN导入根瘤农杆菌LBA4404，经卡那霉素和利福霉素筛选后利用农杆菌介导的转化法将hIFN-α2b基因导入人参愈伤组织细胞。经G418筛选，形成阳性细胞。用PCR、RT—PCR、Western blot和WISH／VSV系统检测转基因组织。结果：经PCR检测表明hIFN-α2b基因已成功整合到人参愈伤组织细胞基因组中。RT-PCR证明存在hIFN-α2b基因的转录产物。Western blot分析表明转基因人参愈伤组织细胞能有效表达hIFN-α2b蛋白。WISH／VSV系统检测分析表明表达的hIFN-α2b具有生物学活性。结论：本研究利用转基因人参愈伤组织细胞成功地表达了人干扰素，为进一步提高口服干扰素的疗效打下基础。     

极低频脉冲电磁场对新生大鼠成骨细胞的影响

目的：观察极低频脉冲电磁场（pulsed electromagnetic fields，PEMF）对体外培养成骨细胞增殖、分化、体外矿化的影响。方法：采用频率为15Hz、强度为5mT、占空比为15％的PEMF作用于成骨细胞，检测成骨细胞的增殖、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）活性以及体外矿化指标。结果与结论：PEMF显著促进成骨细胞增殖和体外矿化，抑制ALP活性作用。