局部使用瑞替普酶与尿激酶治疗尿毒症患者内瘘血栓效果比较

目的 比较内瘘血栓形成后两种药物的溶栓疗效及相关不良反应.方法 回顾分析我科收治的23例局部应用溶栓药物治疗动静脉内瘘血栓形成患者的资料,根据使用的溶栓药物分为尿激酶组和瑞替普酶组,其中尿激酶组11例,瑞替普酶组12例.比较两种药物溶栓后内瘘再通率及出血发生率等.结果 尿激酶组共溶通4例,溶通率为36.4％;瑞替普酶组共溶通10例,溶通率为83.3％,其中栓塞未超过24小时的溶通率为100％.结论 瑞替普酶溶栓效果优于尿激酶,溶通率更高,溶通时间更短,而二者并发症发生率无显著差异,值得临床推广.     

锂中毒肾损害-附9例报道

目的 分析总结接受碳酸锂治疗导致的锂肾病并发肾病综合征患者的临床特点和危险因素,初步探讨其治疗方法及疗效.方法 对9例碳酸锂治疗导致的锂肾病患者临床表现进行分析总结,在对症治疗同时,对其中并发肾病综合征的5例患者给予0.5～1mg·(kg·d)-1强的松口服治疗,其中3例并发肾病综合征患者为排除原发肾小球疾病接受了肾穿刺活检.结果 并发肾病综合征的患者平均接受锂制剂治疗时间为10.2±3.2年,显著长于无肾病综合征的患者(4.3±2.2年);两组患者血清锂浓度无显著意义;非肾病综合征组脱水病例多于肾病综合征组.并发肾病综合征患者肾穿刺活检病理结果显示间质白细胞浸润和纤维化、小管变性和局灶坏死,光镜下肾小球无明显病理改变.全部患者临床痊愈,肾病综合征均获得缓解.未观察到强的松治疗的副作用.结论 碳酸锂治疗导致的锂肾病并发肾病综合征并不少见,与血清锂浓度无明显关系,长期接受锂制剂治疗是其危险因素,对于强的松口服治疗有效,而腹泻和脱水是无肾病综合征锂肾病患者的危险因素.     

肾小球系膜细胞及其相关疾病

肾小球系膜细胞具有保持肾小球微血管床结构的完整性和系膜基质的稳态性,在遭遇各种损伤时,可发生凋亡或呈现活化表形,进而肥大、增殖,产生过多的基质蛋白、生长因子、趋化因子和细胞因子,而这些可溶性因子反过来通过自分泌和旁分泌作用分别影响系膜细胞或其他肾小球细胞。系膜细胞是免疫介导的肾小球疾病,如IgA肾病和狼疮性肾炎,或代谢性疾病肾损伤,如糖尿病肾病的主要靶点。     

肾病综合征患者血清肽谱的差异性研究

目的比较肾病综合征患者与正常人的血清肽谱，寻找差异表达的血清肽谱。方法将研究对象分成试验组和对照组。试验组为49例肾病综合征患者，包括17例系膜增生患者、12例微小病变患者、10例膜性肾病患者和10例局灶硬化患者；对照组为10例健康志愿者。采用ClinProt磁珠浓缩和基质辅助激光解吸电离法分析两组研究对象血清肽谱的差异。结果系膜增生组VS对照组筛选出5个差异表达的多肽（15．28±7．61，P〈0．01）。微小病变组VS对照组筛选出7个差异表达的多肽（2．16±1．59，P〈0．01）。膜性肾病组vs对照组筛选出6个差异表达的多肽（35．48±13．71，P〈0．01）。局灶硬化组VS对照组筛选出5个差异表达的多肽（18．06±8．07，P〈0．05）。以P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。采用遗传算法对样本进行分类并建立诊断预测模型，对区分系膜增生组、微小病变组、膜性肾病组、局灶硬化组与对照组的交叉验证能力分别为96．18％、100％、98．53％、94．12％，而识别率均为100％。结论应用蛋白质组学建立了肾病综合征患者的血清肽谱模型，为人们更好地了解肾病综合征的发病机制提供了新的思路。     

广西城市社区居民高尿酸血症流行病学调查及其与慢性肾脏病的关系

目的 通过社区人群筛查了解广西城市原住民中高尿酸血症(HUA)的患病率及其与慢性肾脏病(CKD)的关系,并探讨影响HUA肾损害的风险因素.方法 选择桂林市城区原住居民集中的象山社区,对18～75岁居民(n=6 273)采取横断面进行筛查.收集空腹血及晨尿进行血糖、肾功能、血脂、胰岛素和尿蛋白等检测,同时进行问卷调查和体格检查.结果 社区居民中HUA总患病率为23.5%,其中男性HUA患病率显著高于女性(28.4%对19.7%,P＜0.01).社区居民中CKD患病率为21.6%,其中男性居民CKD患病率较女性显著增高(24.9%对19.0%,P＜0.01).在HUA人群中CKD检出率显著高于尿酸正常人群(30.4%对18.9%,P＜0.01).男性HUA人群CKD检出率显著高于同性别正常血尿酸人群(34.3%对21.2%,P＜0.01),也显著高于女性HUA人群(25.9%,P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析发现,CKD仅与收缩压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血糖水平独立相关(P＜0.01).结论 广西城市社区居民中HUA患病率显著增加,与CKD患病率增高有关,且血尿酸轻度增高即增加CKD患病率.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship to chronic kidney disease(CKD) in the residents of Guangxi, and to discuss the risk factors for the hyperuricemia associated renal damage. Methods The residents aged 18-75 years old(n=6 273) in Xiangshan community,Guilin, were screened by means of cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured at 8:00-9:00.Fasting blood and urine samples were collected to determine blood glucose, lipid, insulin, creatinine, and urine albumin. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the community residents was 23.5% in all cohort, being significantly higher in male residents than in female(28.4% vs 19.7%,P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 21.6% in all cohort, and was 24.9% in males and 19.0% in females(P＜0.01). The prevalence of CKD was 30.4% and 18.9% respectively in residents with and without hyperuricemia(P＜0.01).The prevalence of CKD in males with hyperuricemia(34.3%) was significantly higher than in males without hyperuricemia(21.2%) and females with hyperuricemia(25.9%, all P＜0.01). CKD was only positively related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure shown by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The prevalence of hyperuricemia markedly increases in the urban residents, which contribute to the raised prevalence of CKD. Slightly elevated blood uric acid level is associated with raised prevalence of CKD.     

不同剂量咪唑立宾在临床肾移植中的应用研究

目的 探讨不同剂量咪唑立宾(MZR)在临床肾移植中的应用效果及其安全性.方法 将206例首次接受肾移植的受者按手术时间排序,以奇偶数将受者列入吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)组,MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组.MMF组受者术后采用MMF+环孢素A(CsA)+泼尼松(Pred)的免疫抑制方案,MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组采用MZR+CsA+Pred的免疫抑制方案;MMF组MMF的用量为1.0g/d,MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组MZR的用量分别为100和200mg/d,3组间CsA和Pred的用法相同.排除失随访受者,MMF组、MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组分别有100、60和30例受者获得完整随访,研究终点为肾移植术后5年.比较各组受者人、肾存活率和排斥反应发生率,以及与药物相关不良反应的发生情况等.结果 MZR Ⅰ组、MZRⅡ组和MMF组受者术后总体存活率分别为88.3%(53/60)、90%(27/30)和88%(88/100),移植肾总体存活率分别为85%(51/60)、86.7%(26/30)和86%(86/100),急性排斥反应发生率分别为10%(6/60)、6.7%(2/30)和9%(9/100),3组间人、肾存活率以及急性排斥反应发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);严重肺部感染发生率分别为3.3%(2/60)、10%(3/30)和15%(15/100),MZRⅠ组显著低于MMF组(P<0.05),而MZRⅡ组与其他两组的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).MZR Ⅰ组和MZRⅡ组发生严重感染者均经治疗后痊愈,而MMF组死亡11例,死亡率为73.3%(11/15).MZRⅠ组和MZRⅡ组腹泻发生率均显著低于MMF 组(P<0.05),而高尿酸血症发生率均显著高于MMF组(P<0.05).结论 咪唑立宾对预防肾移植后排斥反应是安全、有效的,受者耐受性好,对于免疫功能低下易发生感染的高危人群,以及使用MMF致顽同性腹泻者,可将含咪唑立宾的免疫抑制方案作为首选.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of different doses of mizoribine to prevent rejection after renal transplantation. Methods Sorted by time of operation and odevity, 206 primary kidney transplant recipients were divided into 3 groups, including MMF group, MZR Ⅰ group and MZR Ⅱ group. All recipients in 3 groups were administrated CsA and Pred, combined with mycophenolate mofitile (MMF) in MMF group and mizoribine (MMF) in MZR Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups.The dosage of MMF was 1. 0 g/day, while dosage of MZR in MZR Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups was 100 and 200 mg/day, respectively. There was no difference in usage of cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone (Pred) among 3 groups. 100, 60 and 30 recipients were followed up in MMF, MZR Ⅰ and MZR Ⅱ groups respectively in 5 years. During the follow-up period of 5 years, the incidence of acute rejection, patient/graft survival and adverse effects associated with drugs in three groups were observed. Results The patient/graft survival was 88. 3 % (53/60), 85 % (51/60) in MZR Ⅰ group, 90 % (27/30),86.7 % (26/30) in MZR Ⅱ group, and 88% (88/100), 86% (86/100) in MMF group, respectively (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in incidence of acute rejection among MZR Ⅰ (10 %, 6/60), MZR Ⅱ (6. 7 %, 2/30) and MMF groups (9 %, 9/100). The incidence of severe pulmonary infection in MZR Ⅰ group was 3. 3 % (2/60), and 10 % (3/30) in MZR Ⅱ , and the former was lower than MMF group (15 %, 15/100) significantly. There was significant difference in mortality of severe pulmonary infection between MZR Ⅰ group (0, 0/2) and MMT group (73. 3 %, 11/15). The rate of ACR in MZR Ⅱ group (10 %, 3/30) was lower significantly than MMF group (30 %, 30/100) and MZR Ⅰ group (31.7 %, 19/60). There was significant difference in the incidence of hyperuricacidemia between two MZR groups (30 %, 56. 7 %) and MMF group (10 %)(P<0. 05), while the incidence of diarrhea and myelosuppression was lower significantly in MZR Ⅰ group than in MMF group. Conclusion MZR can prevent acute rejection after kidney transplantation effectively and safely. Immunosuppressive therapy including mizoribine is the best choice especially for high risk group because of susceptibility to infection and those who suffer from tenacious diarrhea owing to the side effect.     

肾祖细胞及其分化

哺乳动物的后肾,是由输尿管芽和作为肾祖细胞库的生后肾原基间相互诱导形成的。而肾祖细胞分化机制的了解和开始被阐明的生后肾原基的诱导方法,使我们离对复杂的肾细胞体系进行增殖与操作更近一步了。     

尿酸与高血压及动脉硬化的关系

尿酸通过炎症作用导致血管内皮功能失调,最终导致高血压、心脑血管疾病及肾脏病的发生与发展,因此防治高尿酸血症有着重要意义。本文综述尿酸与高血压及动脉硬化的关系。     

结肠透析联合药用活性炭对慢性肾功能衰竭患者钙磷和尿酸的吸附作用

目的 观察药用活性炭对慢性肾功能衰竭非透析患者钙磷和尿酸的吸附作用.方法 收集我院慢性肾功能衰竭非透析患者62例,按随机数字表法分为治疗组30例,对照组32例.治疗组在对照组标准保守治疗基础上加用结肠透析和药用活性炭30片(每片0.3 g)保留灌肠.两组患者治疗1个月后,比较治疗前、后血清钙、磷、尿酸水平的变化,并观察血钾、血肌酐和尿素氮的变化.结果 经治疗后,治疗组患者血磷、钙磷乘积、尿酸和尿素氮水平与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);对照组患者经治疗后血磷水平、钙磷乘积与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P分别＜0.01,＜0.05).其他指标治疗前、后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 结肠透析联合药用活性炭吸附可有效清除肾功能衰竭患者体内的磷和尿酸,可作为非透析患者降低血磷和血尿酸水平的一种有效方法.