Artificial intelligence and clinical data suggest the T cell-mediated SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein intranasal vaccines for global COVID-19 immunity

Advanced computational methodologies suggested SARS-CoV-2, nonstructural proteins ORF1AB, ORF3a, as the source of immunodominant peptides for T cell presentation. T cell immunity is long-lasting and compatible with COVID-19 pathology. Based on the supporting clinical data, nonstructural SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccines could provide global immunity against COVID-19.     

Recent advances in lipid nanoparticles for delivery of nucleic acid,mRNA, and gene editing-based therapeutics

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are becoming popular as a means of delivering therapeutics, including those based on nucleic acids and mRNA. The mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines are perfect examples to highlight the role played by drug delivery systems in advancing human health. The fundamentals of LNPs for the delivery of nucleic acid- and mRNA-based therapeutics, are well established. Thus, future research on LNPs will focus on addressing the following: expanding the scope of drug delivery to different constituents of the human body, expanding the number of diseases that can be targeted, and studying the change in the pharmacokinetics of LNPs under physiological and pathological conditions. This review article provides an overview of recent advances aimed at expanding the application of LNPs, focusing on the pharmacokinetics and advantages of LNPs. In addition, analytical techniques, library construction and screening, rational design, active targeting, and applicability to gene editing therapy have also been discussed.     

In the Era of mRNA Vaccines,Is There Any Hope for HIV Functional Cure?

Over 36 million people worldwide are infected with HIV. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proven to be highly effective to prevent HIV-1 transmission, clinical progression and death. Despite this success, the number of HIV-1 infected individuals continues increasing and ART should be taken for life. Therefore, there are two main priorities: the development of preventive vaccines to protect from HIV acquisition and achieve an efficient control of HIV infection in the absence of ART (functional cure). In this sense, in the last few years, there has been a broad interest in new and innovative approaches such as mRNA-based vaccines. RNA-based immunogens represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccines because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. Some mRNA-based vaccines platforms against infectious diseases have demonstrated encouraging results in animal models and humans. However, their application is still limited because the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. Immunogens, design, immunogenicity, chemical modifications on the molecule or the vaccine delivery methods are all crucial interventions for improvement. In this review we, will present the current knowledge and challenges in this research field. mRNA vaccines hold great promises as part of a combined strategy, for achieving HIV functional cure.     

外周血miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA对类风湿关节炎“病”“证”诊断意义的初步探讨＊

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎患者外周血miR-150-5p、细胞因子信号抑制因子1（suppressor of cytokine signaling 1，SOCS1）mRNA的表达及对类风湿关节炎（Rheumatoid Arthritis，RA）疾病诊断、中医证型判断的意义。方法 纳入符合诊断标准的RA患者57例及健康对照组19例，根据《22个专业95个病种中医诊疗方案》有关RA的中医证候诊断标准，判断RA的中医证型。qPCR检测RA患者及健康对照组miR-150-5p、SOCS1mRNA的相对表达水平，同时检测血常规、肝功能、肾功能等常规指标。双荧光素酶分析方法判断两者是否存在靶向关系。统计分析miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA对RA疾病的诊断意义及其与中医证型的相关性。结果 RA患者外周血miR-150-5p的相对表达水平下调，低于正常人群（t = -19.019，P < 0.05）；其表达水平随疾病活动度升高，有下降趋势；患者外周血SOCS1 mRNA的相对表达水平上调，低于正常人群（t = 5.333，P < 0.05）；其表达水平随疾病活动度升高，有上升趋势。MiR-150-5p与SOCS1 mRNA有靶向结合关系（P < 0.05）。通过AUC曲线比较，miR-150-5p的相对表达水平区分RA的敏感性及特异性分别为98.1%、92.1%（AUC = 0.972，P < 0.05）；SOCS1 mRNA的相对表达水平无法区分RA（AUC = 0.472，P > 0.05）。RA患者中miR-150-5p的相对表达水平低于3.06，RA患者风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证的相对风险分别为8.33、250.00（P < 0.05）。结论 miR-150-5p、SOCS1 mRNA在RA患者中有差异性表达，且有靶向结合关系。miR-150-5p可能是RA的疾病诊断及中医风湿痹阻证、寒湿痹阻证证型诊断的潜在生物标志物。     

抗纤Ⅰ号方药对实验性肝纤维化大鼠组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制因子mRNA表达的影响

目的:从分子水平研究抗纤Ⅰ号方剂治疗肝纤维化的作用机理。方法:利用CCl4、高脂饮食和乙醇等综合因素制造大鼠肝纤维化模型。模型成功后将大鼠随机分为肝纤维化模型组、中药和西药治疗组。分别治疗42 d后,检测各组大鼠肝组织病理学变化、血清肝功能和肝纤维化指标、免疫组化检测肝组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的变化、半定量PCR检测肝组织MMP1、TIMP-1 mRNA表达量的变化。结果:中药组肝组织病理学变化明显优于模型组和西药治疗组;血清肝功能指标中药治疗组ALT和AST(108±24,142±23)显著低于模型组(242±34,248±20)和西药对照组(123±39,216±25,P<0.05);肝纤维化指标中药治疗组HA和LN(270±79,62±10)显著低于模型组(769±67,109±26)和西药对照组(346±62,79±13,P<0.05);中药治疗后能够明显减少肝组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原以及TIMP-1 mRNA的表达量,但MMP1的表达量无显著差异。结论:抗纤Ⅰ号通过下调TIMP-1mRNA减弱对MMP1的抑制作用,使Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的降解增强而使肝纤维化逆转。     

正常生育男性成熟精子mRNA的种类和特征

目的:剖析具有正常生育能力男性成熟精子mRNA的种类和丰度。方法:健康并育有后代的成年男性10例,禁欲1周后取精液,上游法优化精子,Trizol试剂提取精子总RNA。混合所有总RNA进行基因表达系列分析(SAGE)。结果:所建SAGE文库共获877个克隆,测序得到21 052个标签,出现两次以上的独特性标签有2 712种。经与SAGEm ap数据库比对,19.7%的独特性标签没有基因匹配,代表新基因;其余能匹配的基因中,67%具有蛋白质结合或核酸结合能力,41%具有催化活性,13%与信号转导有关,与细胞运输、精子结构、转录调节相关者分别达到10%左右。结论:人成熟精子中存在数量庞大、种类繁多的mRNA。     

人原发性肝癌中p16基因表达及CpG岛甲基化状态的研究

目的　进一步探讨人原发性肝癌中 p16基因 m RNA转录水平变化与其基因启动子区 Cp G岛甲基化的关系 ,及其在肝癌发生中的意义。方法　采用狭缝印迹杂交检测 2 0例人原发性肝癌及相应的癌旁、远癌组织及 2例正常人肝组织中 p16基因 m RNA表达水平 ,以甲基化特异性 PCR分析各组织中 p16基因启动子区 Cp G岛的甲基化状况 ,并进行统计分析。结果　 2 0例人原发性肝癌中 14例 (70 % ) p16 m RNA水平比远癌组织显著降低 ;13例 (6 5 % )显示 p16基因启动子区 Cp G岛甲基化 ,其中 84 .6 % (11例 )伴 p16 m RNA转录水平降低。结论　人原发性肝癌中存在高频率的 p16基因表达失活 ,其主要机制可能是启动子区 Cp G岛甲基化抑制了基因的转录 ,在人原发性肝癌的发生发展中有重要作用。其临床诊断和治疗意义有待进一步深入研究。