Association between habitual snoring,middle ear disease,and speech problems in young children with non-syndromic cleft palate anomalies

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between habitual snoring (HS), middle ear disease (MED), and speech problems in children with cleft palate. This cross-sectional study included children aged 2.0–7.9 years with non-syndromic cleft palate anomalies. Parents completed the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire and a questionnaire about MED. Audiograms and speech assessment were also conducted. Ninety-five children were enrolled; 15.2% of families reported HS, 97.6% MED, and 17.1% speech problems. HS (37.5% vs 10.3%, P = 0.007) and early episodes of MED (92.3% vs 58.2%, P = 0.021) were more likely to be reported for children with isolated cleft palate when compared to those with cleft lip and palate. Children with cleft lip and palate had a higher frequency of MED with effusion compared to those with Robin sequence (86.4% vs 57.1%, P = 0.049). The odds ratio for HS in children with ≥1 episode of MED in the last year was 7.37 (95% confidence interval 1.55–35.15, P = 0.012). There was a trend for children with speech problems reported by parents to have HS (30.8% vs 11.5%, P= 0.076). Anatomical factors play a role in the frequency of upper airway symptoms in children with cleft palate. A recent history of at least one episode of MED was associated with an increased frequency of HS.     

基于文本挖掘和生物医学数据库的新型冠状病毒肺炎药物发现

目的 基于文本挖掘技术和生物医学数据库对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）相关文献进行数据挖掘分析，探究COVID-19及其主要症状发热、咳嗽、呼吸障碍相关基因靶点，筛选潜在有效的化学药和中药。方法 使用GenCLiP 3网站获取COVID-19和其主要症状咳嗽、发热、呼吸障碍共4个关键词的共有靶点，在METASCAPE数据库中对其进行基因本体（GO）和通路富集分析，再利用String数据库和Cytoscape软件构建共有靶点的蛋白质相互作用网络，筛选获得核心基因，运用DGIdb数据库、SymMap数据库针对核心基因进行中西医治疗药物预测。结果 获得COVID-19及其主要症状共有基因靶点28个，其中有IL2、IL1B、CCL2等核心基因16个，使用DGIdb数据库筛选获得与16个关键靶点相互作用的化学药包括沙利度胺、来氟米特、环孢素等28种，中药包括虎杖、黄芪、芦荟等70味。结论 COVID-19及其主要症状的病理机制可能和CD4、KNG1、VEGFA等28个共有基因相关，可能通过介导TNF、IL-17等信号通路参与COVID-19病理过程。潜在有效药物可能通过作用相关靶点通路起到治疗COVID-19的作用。     

儿童颌面部骨折诊疗研究进展

儿童处于生长发育特殊阶段，其颌面部解剖结构、牙列情况及心理状态与成年人有明显区别。颌面部骨折患儿常出现面部发育畸形、张口受限、咬合关系紊乱等，严重影响患儿的日常生活。因此，儿童颌面部骨折的诊疗一直是临床上的难题，也是国内外的研究热点。颌面部骨折好发于青少年，损伤原因多为意外跌倒、交通伤及运动伤。近年来，数字化外科技术为儿童颌面部骨折提供精确的诊断及微创的治疗。国内外学者对于儿童颌面部骨折治疗理念逐渐倾向于手术治疗，选择可吸收材料对儿童颌面部骨折进行固定，降低对儿童面部发育的影响。长期随访对于儿童颌面部骨折患儿具有重要意义，有助于监测患儿面部发育情况。此外，临床医生应注意患儿的心理状态。对于创伤较重或发现有心理问题的患儿，应尽早干预治疗。文章就近年儿童颌面部骨折流行病学特点、诊断、治疗原则及伴发的心理问题做一综述。     

A candidate multi-epitope vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induces robust humoral and cellular response in mice

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae, Mhp) are two of the most common pathogens involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective approach to disease prevention. Since PRRSV and Mhp co-infections are very common, an efficient dual vaccine against these pathogens is required for the global swine industry. Compared with traditional vaccines, multi-epitope vaccines have several advantages, they are comparatively easy to produce and construct, are chemically stable, and do not have an infectious potential. In this study, to develop a safe and effective vaccine, B cell and T cell epitopes of PRRSV-GP5, PRRSV-M, Mhp-P46, and Mhp-P65 protein had been screened to construct a recombinant epitope protein rEP-PM that has good hydrophilicity, strong antigenicity, and high surface accessibility, and each epitope is independent and complete. After immunization in mice, rEP-PM could induce the production of high levels of antibodies, and it had good immunoreactivity with anti-rEP-PM, anti-PRRSV, and anti-Mhp antibodies. The anti-rEP-PM antibody specifically recognizes proteins from PRRSV and Mhp. Moreover, rEP-PM induced a Th1-dominant cellular immune response in mice. Our results showed that the rEP-PM protein could be a potential candidate for the development of a safe and effective multi-epitope peptide combined vaccine to control PRRSV and Mhp infections.     

Variability in non-core vaccination rates of dogs and cats in veterinary clinics across the United States

Vaccination guidelines for dogs and cats indicate that core vaccines (for dogs, rabies, distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus; for cats, feline parvovirus, herpes virus-1, calicivirus) are essential to maintain health, and that non-core vaccines be administered according to a clinician’s assessment of a pet’s risk of exposure and susceptibility to infection. A reliance on individual risk assessment introduces the potential for between-practice inconsistencies in non-core vaccine recommendations. A study was initiated to determine non-core vaccination rates of dogs (Leptospira, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine influenza virus) and cats (feline leukemia virus) in patients current for core vaccines in veterinary practices across the United States. Transactional data for 5,531,866 dogs (1,670 practices) and 1,914,373 cats (1,661 practices) were retrieved from practice management systems for the period November 1, 2016 through January 1, 2020, deidentified and normalized. Non-core vaccination status was evaluated in 2,798,875 dogs and 788,772 cats that were core-vaccine current. Nationally, median clinic vaccination rates for dogs were highest for leptospirosis (70.5%) and B. bronchiseptica (68.7%), and much lower for canine influenza (4.8%). In Lyme-endemic states, the median clinic borreliosis vaccination rate was 51.8%. Feline leukemia median clinic vaccination rates were low for adult cats (34.6%) and for kittens and 1-year old cats (36.8%). Individual clinic vaccination rates ranged from 0 to 100% for leptospirosis, B. bronchiseptica and feline leukemia, 0–96% for canine influenza, and 0–94% for borreliosis. Wide variation in non-core vaccination rates between clinics in similar geographies indicates that factors other than disease risk are driving the use of non-core vaccines in pet dogs and cats, highlighting a need for veterinary practices to address gaps in patient protection. Failure to implement effective non-core vaccination strategies leaves susceptible dogs and cats unprotected against vaccine-preventable diseases.     

“T” is for “transgender”: an analysis of children’s picture books featuring transgender protagonists and narrators

ABSTRACT

This project examined 55 picture books featuring transgender, gender expansive or genderqueer protagonists or narrators published between 2008 and 2018. The purpose of the study was to determine how this genre of children’s literature supports and challenges four gender assumptions: the gender binary, gender essentialism, sex/gender congruency and gender stability. Additionally, this critical analysis explored misgendering within this genre and themes of social rejection and acceptance. Protagonists and narrators were permitted a degree of gender nonconformity, however, the majority of picture books missed opportunities for a more complete exploration of gender possibilities.     

新生儿肺炎PCT和炎性因子水平表达及其意义

目的研究新生儿肺炎(NP)患儿血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平表达及其意义。方法选取2017年1月-2018年2月韶关市曲江区妇幼保健计划生育服务中心诊治的NP患儿80例,按细菌感染情况分为观察1组和观察2组,各40例。选择同期40例健康新生儿作为对照组。测定并比较三组的hs-CRP、PCT和IL-6水平。结果观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和IL-6水平明显高于观察2组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和1L-6检测阳性率明显高于观察2组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察1组血清PCT、hs-CRP和1L-6诊断NP的敏感度均明显高于观察2组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组各指标特异度与观察2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清hs-CRP、PCT、IL-6水平可作为NP患儿的辅助鉴别指标,为抗生素的合理使用和疗效提供依据。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防控形势下儿童青少年慢性心力衰竭的临床管理建议

2019年12月我国湖北省武汉市爆发新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染疫情,目前已蔓延至全国各地,流行病学显示人群对该病毒普遍易感,且患有基础疾病的患者是重症、危重症的高危人群,同时儿童青少年感染病例数正日益增多。慢性心力衰竭儿童因其基础条件差,感染2019-nCoV后将给此类患儿的诊治带来严峻的挑战。结合儿童2019-nCoV感染的临床特点及儿童慢性心力衰竭的诊治要点,在此提出慢性心力衰竭儿童2019-nCoV感染的临床管理建议,以供临床参考。