Additive effects of earthworm extract with HpD-laser on the enhancement of reactive oxygen production and the inhibition of[~3H]—thymidine.uptake in mouse ascitic tumor cells

The effects of combined use of earthworm extract(912)and HpD-laser on the produc-tion of reactive oxygen and the biosynthesis of DNA in S_(180) tumor cells were studied throughchemiluminescence measurement and[~3H]-TdR incorporation assay.The results showed that as com-pared with the control,the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted by tumor cells treatedsimultaneously with 912 and HpD-laser was enhanced more than ten-folds,while that treated with912 or HpD-laser alone was increased only 2～4 folds.The[~3H]-TdR incorporation into tumorcells of the former group was inhibited upto 74.1%,and that of the latter groups decreased onlyby 42.2% and 40.0%,respectively.In accordance with these biochemical changes,the ultrastructuraldamage of tumor cells of the former,combinedly treated group appeared to be the most serious.This suggests an additive effect of 912 with HpD-laser on tumor cells.In addition,if free radicalscavengers,such as catalase and superoxide dismutase,were added to the reaction systembefore chemiluminescence assay,the luminescent enhancement effect mentioned above was dramaticallyalleviated,implying the presence of O_2~ and H_2O_2 in the system.Therefore,as to the toxic effecton tumor cells,912 and HpD-laser are not only additive in efficiency,but also similar in theunderlying mechanism of action.     

Safety assessment of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an ingredient added to cigarette tobacco

A tiered testing strategy has been developed to evaluate the potential for new ingredients, tobacco processes, and technological developments to alter the biological activity that results from burning tobacco. A series of studies was initially conducted with cigarettes containing 3% high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an alternate tobacco casing material to corn syrup/invert sugar, including determination of selected mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) constituent yields, Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a 30-week dermal tumor-promotion evaluation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in SENCAR mice, and a 13-week subchronic inhalation study of MS in Sprague-Dawley rats. A second series of studies was conducted with cigarettes containing 3%, 4% and 5% HFCS including MS chemistry, Ames assay, SCE assay in CHO cells, and a neutral red cytotoxicity assays. Collectively, mainstream smoke chemistry, genotoxicity, dermal tumor-promotion, and inhalation toxicity studies demonstrated no differences between cigarettes with 3% HFCS and cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar. Also, mainstream smoke chemistry and genotoxicity of cigarettes with 4% and 5% HFCS were not different from cigarettes with 3% HFCS. In conclusion, the addition of up to 5% HFCS to cigarette does not alter the mainstream smoke chemistry or biological activity of mainstream smoke or mainstream smoke condensate as compared to cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar with regard to the parameters investigated and presented.     

自制中草药制剂急性脱瘾解毒的临床观察

目的 探索戒毒的有效药物;方法 对１０５例吸毒成瘾者进行了临床试验,其中５６例采用自行研制的中草药一脱瘾糖浆治疗,４９例采用常规治疗作为对照;结果 戒断症状的控制率、控制速度、戒断症状在１３分以内的病例以及不良反应均明显优于对照组;提示 脱瘾糖浆对不同程度的吸毒成瘾者均有很好的疗效,且无毒副作用．     

蚯蚓纤溶酶的纯化及pH值、温度和胰蛋白酶对其纤溶活性的影响

目的纯化并鉴定蚯蚓纤溶酶 ,研究pH、温度和胰蛋白酶对其纤溶活性的影响。方法以赤子爱胜蚓为材料 ,采用硫酸铵盐析、DEAESepharoseCL 6B离子交换色谱、SephadexG 75凝胶过滤和制备电泳等分离技术纯化蚯蚓纤溶酶 ;利用纤维平板和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳研究pH、温度和胰蛋白酶对蚯蚓纤溶酶纤溶活性的影响。结果分离得到纤溶酶 4种单一组分 :EFE 1、EFE 2、EFE 3、EFE 4 ;分子量分别为 2 70 0 0、2 80 0 0、2 30 0 0、330 0 0 ;4种组分对温度的适应范围较广 ;pH值对其纤溶活性的影响不尽相同 ,但都在pH低于 1.5时纤溶活性完全丧失 ;胰蛋白酶对纤溶酶 4种组分均无降解作用 ,对其纤溶活性无影响。结论纤溶酶口服药制剂宜制成肠溶型     

奥亭止咳露与复方可待因口服溶液对照治疗121例患者的疗效

目的:评价奥亭止咳露临床镇咳、祛痰效果及不良反应.方法:采用随机双盲对照试验,可评价121例患者,分为试验组60例和对照组61例.试验组用奥亭止咳露每次15mL,po,tid,对照组用复方可待因口服溶液每次15mL,po,tid,2组均连用3～7d.结果:试验组镇咳临床总有效率为90%,对照组为74%,组间差异无显著性(P＞0.05).主要不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、口干、乏力、恶心、便秘、排尿困难等.结论:奥亭止咳露用于镇咳祛痰安全有效.     

氯雷他定糖浆的人体生物等效性研究

目的 :研究氯雷他定糖浆与片剂在正常人体内的生物等效性。方法 :18名健康男性志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服氯雷他定糖浆或片剂 ,分别于服药前及服药后20min、40min、1h、1.5h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h、12h、24h采集血样 ,以高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度 ,并以3p97程序计算药动学参数和相对生物利用度。结果 :氯雷他定糖浆与片剂体内药 -时曲线符合二室模型 ,Cmax 分别为(40. 91±15. 42)、(41 .57±18 .68)ng/ml,Tmax 为分别为 (1. 04±0. 19)、(1 .19±0 .25)h ,T1/2 分别为 (4 .43±1. 67)、(4 21±1 49)h ,AUC0～24 分别为 (127. 60±46 28)、(133 .13±45 .65) (ng·h)/ml ,AUC0～∞分别为 (132. 98±47. 43)、(138 .16±47 .26) (ng·h)/ml ;氯雷他定糖浆的相对生物利用度为 (96 .25±21. 30) %。结论 :氯雷他定糖浆与片剂具有生物等效性。     

薄层扫描法测定垂阴茶糖浆中岩白菜素的含量

目的:建立垂阴茶糖浆岩白菜素的测定方法,方法:λs=275 nm,λR=320nm,用薄层色谱法测定岩白菜素的含量.结果:岩白菜素在0.505～3.030μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为96.52%.RSD=0.44%.结论:该法灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于该制剂中岩白菜素的含量测定及质量控制.     

经典名方中玄参的本草考证

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料，对经典名方中所用饴糖的名称、品种、原料及制作工艺进行了考证，为含有饴糖的经典名方开发利用提供依据。经考证可知，饴糖之名历代多源于其形态、质地、制法、原料及产地。古代所用饴糖根据质地不同，主要分为软、硬两类，湿软如蜜者称为“饴”或“胶饴”，质硬色白的则称为“饧”“糖”，现代则多称为麦芽糖，入药仅用胶饴，饧则多作食用；历代药用胶饴推崇糯米（来源于Oryza sativa var. glutinosa）为原料，以大麦Hordeum vulgare制蘖，经过发酵、煎煮、浓缩制备而成，而粟米（来源于Setaria italica var. germanica）、黍Panicum miliaceum等其他谷物为原料制成的饴糖品质次之。2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》未收录饴糖，收载了药用辅料麦芽糖，为纯度较高的结晶粉；但国家食品标准与地方炮制规范中收录了饴糖。基于考证结果，建议经典名方开发中所用胶饴可参考GB/T 20883—2017中的麦芽糖浆，并明确以糯米、大麦为原料。     

High fructose corn syrup and diabetes prevalence: A global perspective

Abstract

The overall aim of this study was to evaluate, from a global and ecological perspective, the relationships between availability of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Using published resources, country-level estimates (n =43 countries) were obtained for: total sugar, HFCS and total calorie availability, obesity, two separate prevalence estimates for diabetes, prevalence estimate for impaired glucose tolerance and fasting plasma glucose. Pearson's correlations and partial correlations were conducted in order to explore associations between dietary availability and obesity and diabetes prevalence. Diabetes prevalence was 20% higher in countries with higher availability of HFCS compared to countries with low availability, and these differences were retained or strengthened after adjusting for country-level estimates of body mass index (BMI), population and gross domestic product (adjusted diabetes prevalence=8.0 vs. 6.7%, p=0.03; fasting plasma glucose=5.34 vs. 5.22 mmol/L, p=0.03) despite similarities in obesity and total sugar and calorie availability. These results suggest that countries with higher availability of HFCS have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes independent of obesity.     

超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱法检测阿归养血糖浆中阿胶及牛皮源成分

目的：建立阿归养血糖浆中阿胶及掺杂牛皮源成分的专属性检测方法。方法：用胰蛋白酶对阿归养血糖浆处方中胶类成分进行酶解，采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（UPLC-QQQ/MS），选择阿胶特征分子离子峰m/z 540.0（双电荷）→612.2、m/z 540.0（双电荷）→924.4及牛皮源特征离子对m/z 641.3（双电荷）→726.2、m/z 641.3（双电荷）→783.3作为检测离子对，离子化模式为ESI⁺，进行多反应监测。结果：26批阿归养血糖浆中未检出阿胶的有13批，其中3批检出牛皮源成分，1批检出牛皮源成分但未超出限度，9批均未检出阿胶及牛皮源成分；26批样品检出阿胶的有13批，其中同时检出牛皮源成分的有1批，未检出牛皮源成分的为12批。结论：该检测方法专属性强，可用于阿归养血糖浆中阿胶及牛皮源的检测。