Risk factors associated with postoperative prosthetic graft patency in Leriche syndrome

Background

In Leriche syndrome, postoperative graft thrombosis remains one of the most significant clinical challenges.

下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症介入治疗围手术期并发症分析

目的 总结下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症介入治疗围手术期相关并发症的防治经验.方法 对207例下肢动脉硬化件闭塞症行介入治疗,统计围手术期各种并发症的发生情况,分析并发症的发生率与泛大西洋介入协会(transAtlantic inter-society consensus,TASC)分型分级之间的关系以及糖尿病和冠心病对重要脏器并发症发生率的影响.结果 本组207例,介入手术成功190例.17例失败,其中13例为介入操作失败、4例死于术后重要脏器并发症.围手术期并发症包括穿刺点出血12例、假性动脉瘤4例、消化道出血2例、动脉破裂6例、脑梗塞8例、急性心衰9例、呼衰13例、肾衰6例、支架内血栓形成5例和蓝趾综合征1例.在本组患者的TASC分型中,股腘动脉病变介入治疗并发症的发生率为39.84%(51/128),高于主髂型的18.99%(15/79)(P<0.05);患有糖尿病以及合并糖尿病和冠心病患者重要脏器并发症的发生率分别为27.66%(13/47)和24.49%(12/49),高于无合并症患者的5%(2/40)(P<0.05).结论 下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症介入治疗围手术期并发症发生率较高可能与术中操作不当、病变类型复杂及合并糖尿病和冠心病有关,术前注意合并症的处理及术中选择合理治疗方式、缩短手术时间等可减少并发症的发生.     

Long-term Results of Primary Stent Placement to Treat Infrarenal Aortic Stenosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and the long-term results of primary stent placement for localized distal aortic occlusive disease. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 1998 to July 2005 17 patients (14 female and 3 men, mean age 57 years (39-80)) were treated for intermittent claudication. Five of these patients underwent additional endovascular treatment of focal iliac lesions. RESULTS: Technical success defined as residual stenosis of less than 50% or a trans-stenotic systolic pressure gradient <10% was achieved in 14 of 17 (82%) patients. Major complications included dissection at the puncture site in one patient and thrombosis of additional iliac stents in another patient. Both of these complications were successfully treated. During a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 1-86), four patients had recurrence of symptoms due to in-stent restenoses (n=2), femoral (n=1) or iliac occlusion (n=1), respectively. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, primary aortic hemodynamic patency was 83% at 3 years. Secondary aortic hemodynamic patency was 100%. The primary clinical patency was 68% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: Primary stent placement for distal aortic stenoses is an alternative to surgical treatment because of its high patency and relatively low complication rates.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的外科治疗

目的:探讨外科治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床经验。方法:从1995年7月～2002年7月共对292例(313条肢体)动脉硬化闭塞症病人进行外科治疗,其中20条患肢施行解剖外血管重建术,38条患肢施行了腔内外科治疗或合并开放性血管重建手术,255条患肢施行了开放性手术重建下肢血供。结果:手术成功者患肢的踝肱指数与术前比较显著增加(P<0.01),症状得到明显改善。平均随访时间3.1年(0.5～7年),解剖外重建组移植血管一期通畅率为56%,腔内外科组通畅率为78%,开放性手术组通畅率为72%。结论:病人的全身情况、动脉病变的范围和程度是选择下肢动脉硬化闭塞症外科治疗方法的主要依据,为取得较好的长期通畅率和临床效果需要重视围手术期处理和术后随访。     

Coagulation alterations due to local fibrinolytic therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Purpose To determine the systemic effects of local fibrinolytic therapy with low-dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Methods Ten patients received intrathrombal infusion of 20 mg rt-PA and heparin for local thrombolysis and had subsequent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Eight controls underwent PTA and received heparin alone. We measured t-PA, D-Dimer, and fibrinogen levels before, directly after, and 20, 40, and 60 min and 24 hr after therapy. Results In the thrombolysis group the t-PA level peaked immediately after infusion and then declined within 1 hr. D-Dimer increased and remained elevated, whereas in the control group only t-PA levels increased, and only after 24 hr. Fibrinogen remained within the normal range in both groups. Eight of ten patients in the thrombolysis group and seven of eight with PTA had clinical improvement after the procedure. Conclusions The increase in D-Dimer in the rt-PA group indicates a good local fibrinolytic effect. The fact that fibrinogen levels remained unchanged indicates that there is a lack of systemic fibrinogenolysis.     

慢性肾脏病非透析患者脑钠素与动脉粥样硬化及心功能的关系

目的 研究脑钠素（BNP）与慢性肾脏病（CKD）非透析患者动脉粥样硬化及心功能不全的关系。 方法 采用双抗夹心免疫荧光法检测203例CKD非透析患者与16例高血压患者对照组全血BNP水平，分析其与颈动脉超声结果、心脏彩超结果及既往心血管疾病史的关系。 结果 CKD非透析患者BNP水平与对照组相比显著升高[M（范围）：54.40(15.10～ 173.00) ng/L比9.35(7.35～15.00) ng/L，P < 0.01]。Spearman相关分析显示CKD患者BNP与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、左室心肌重量指数（LVMI）等呈正相关。存在颈动脉斑块、左室肥厚或既往发生过心血管事件的患者血BNP水平显著增高。多元回归分析显示LVMI、既往心血管事件均是影响BNP水平的独立因素。 结论 CKD非透析患者BNP水平和动脉粥样硬化性疾病、左室肥厚及心功能不全相关，提示BNP水平可作为一项评价CKD非透析患者心功能及动脉粥样硬化的敏感生物学指标。     

Approved indications of lipo-PGE1 in Japan

For its peripheral vascular dilating effect and platelet agglutination inhibitory activity, prostaglandin E₁ is used in the treatment of diseases which are likely to cause peripheral circulatory failure or thrombus. In Japan, lipo-PGE₁, which was developed to give it a target-directed nature by modifying the conventional PGE₁, has been used and found to be useful in clinical practice. In this report, we attempt to describe the clinical benefits of lipo-PGE₁ focusing on the diseases which have been approved for its indications.     

严重鼻衄行颌内动脉栓塞术并发脑梗塞死亡

报道１例严重鼻衄伴高血压、动脉硬化患者，经常规方法止血无效，行患侧颌内动脉超选择性栓塞术。术后鼻出血停止，但出现脑梗塞、昏迷，经抢救无效，于术后第９天死亡。认为对有动脉硬化的患者，应不用或慎用超选择性动脉栓塞术。     

Hepatic falciform artery

The hepatic falciform artery is an occasional terminal branch of the left or middle hepatic artery, and may provide an uncommon but important collateral route when the principal visceral arteries are occluded.     

股深动脉血流重建治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症

目的总结股深动脉血流重建治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的经验。方法选择FontaineⅢ、Ⅳ期下肢动脉硬化闭塞症共23例。入选标准：膝上无理想的用于旁路术的流出道，股深动脉主干长度达到或超过股骨干中点且与胭动脉间有侧支血管，近端动脉病变导致股深动脉内无正常动脉血流。采用旁路术、取栓术及股深动脉成形术重建股深动脉血流。结果全部FontaineⅢ期病例于术后肢体静息痛消失；9例FontaineⅣ期病例中术后肢体静息痛消失7例，6例于术后10d行截足（趾）术，1例于术后1周行膝上截肢术。手术后踝／肱血压指数显著增加（P〈0．01）。术后22例随访2个月至6年，移植血管3年通畅率为82％。结论股深动脉血流重建治疗严重肢体缺血简单、安全、有效。