自制裸磁珠对常见食源性致病菌吸附性能的研究

目的：研究自制裸磁珠对常见食源性致病菌和卫生指示菌的吸附性能，摸索从样品中快速分离和浓集细菌的方法。方法：试验裸磁珠对细菌的吸附性能，摸索温度和样品成分对其吸附性能的影响。结果：自制裸磁珠在37℃对常见食源性致病菌和卫生指示菌有很强的吸附，吸附率均高于97％。食品成分对其吸附有一定影响，吸附率最低为58．42％。结论：自制裸磁珠可望用于环境和食品样品中多种细菌的非特异性吸附分离和浓集，值得进一步研究和推广。     

Probiotic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: An effective strategy against a deadly enemy?

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major food-borne pathogens that constitute a serious public health threat. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for EHEC infections in human creating an urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Among them, one of the most promising approaches is the use of probiotic microorganisms. Even if many studies have shown the antagonistic effects of probiotic bacteria or yeast on EHEC survival, virulence, adhesion on intestinal epithelium or pathogen-induced inflammatory responses, mechanisms mediating their beneficial effects remain unclear. This review describes EHEC pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies, with a particular emphasis on probiotics. The interests and limits of a probiotic-based approach and the way it might be incorporated into global health strategies against EHEC infections will be discussed.     

广州市越秀区食源性非伤寒沙门菌感染的病例对照研究

目的 探索广州市越秀区食源性非伤寒沙门菌感染的流行病学危险因素,为制定相应的预防控制措施提供依据.方法 运用病例对照研究方法,收集2012～2014年广州市越秀区确诊感染食源性非伤寒沙门菌的病例,以1:1比例选择年龄段、性别及所在的居住地匹配者为对照组进行面对面问卷调查,将所得数据用配对t检验或卡方分析,用OR值比较相关危险因素.结果 从调查中发现在发病前5d有将禽蛋和禽肉储于冰箱(P=0.03,OR=2.67),不常洗手(P＜0.01,OR=29.40),不彻底清洗菜板(P＜0.01,OR=25.72)等习惯,在发病前5d曾进食过含禽蛋饭菜(P＜0.01,OR=4.68),是主要的危险因素.结论 食源性非伤寒沙门菌感染的主要危险因素是不良卫生习惯和饮食习惯,改变不良生活习惯,从源头上切断非伤寒沙门菌污染是防控工作的重要方向.     

我国食品来源金黄色葡萄球菌种群结构分析

目的了解我国食源性金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)的种群结构。方法通过全基因组测序方法对2006-2020年我国16个省份收集的763株食源性金葡菌进行多位点序列分型、葡萄球菌蛋白A编码基因(spa)和葡萄球菌染色体mec基因盒(SCCmec)分型, 使用BioNumerics 7.5软件创建基于ST类型的最小生成树。国外进口食品分离到的金葡菌31株被纳入基因组系统发育树的构建。结果 763株金葡菌共鉴定出90个ST型和160个spa型别, 其中20种为新ST型别。72个(72/90, 80.0%)ST型属于22个克隆群, 其中主要型别为CC7、CC1、CC5、CC398、CC188、CC59、CC6、CC88、CC15和CC25, 占82.44%(629/763)。其中优势克隆群中ST型和spa型别随着时间的变化呈多态性变化。耐甲氧西林金葡菌(MRSA)的阳性率为7.60%, 共鉴定出7种SCCmec型别, 以ST59-t437-Ⅳa(17.24%, 10/58)、ST239-t030-Ⅲ(12.07%, 7/58)、ST59-t437-Ⅴb(8.62%, 5/58)、ST338-t437-...     

2013 年厦门市食源性致病菌监测结果

目的了解厦门市市售食品食源性致病菌污染情况,为控制和降低食源性疾病提供依据。方法根据（（2013年食源性致病菌工作手册》的要求,对采集的样品进行病原菌分离鉴定。结果共监测样品408份,检出致病菌22株,总检出率为5．39％,其中,铜绿假单胞菌检出率为20％（4／20）,阪崎肠杆菌检出率为12．5％（4／32）,副溶血性弧菌检出率为6．67％（5／75）。结论饮用水、婴幼儿食品、地方特色食品、餐饮食品和水产品是厦门市食品的主要污染品种,应加强监督管理,减少由此引起食源性疾病的发生。     

Clostridium difficile and One Health

BackgroundFor over four decades, Clostridium difficile has been a significant enteric pathogen of humans. It is associated with the use of antimicrobials that generally disrupt the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Previously, it was thought that C. difficile was primarily a hospital-acquired infection; however, with the emergence of community-associated cases, and whole-genome sequencing suggesting the majority of the hospital C. difficile infection (CDI) cases are genetically distinct from one another, there is compelling evidence that sources/reservoirs of C. difficile outside hospitals play a significant role in the transmission of CDI.ObjectivesTo review the ‘One Health’ aspects of CDI, focusing on how community sources/reservoirs might be acting as a conduit in the transfer of C. difficile between animals and humans. The importance of a One Health approach in managing CDI is discussed.SourcesA literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science for relevant papers published from 1 January 2000 to 10 July 2019.ContentWe present evidence that demonstrates transmission of C. difficile in hospitals from asymptomatic carriers to symptomatic CDI patients. The source of colonization is most probably community reservoirs, such as foods and the environment, where toxigenic C. difficile strains have frequently been isolated. With high-resolution genomic sequencing, the transmission of C. difficile between animals and humans can be demonstrated, despite a clear epidemiological link often being absent. The ways in which C. difficile from animals and humans can disseminate through foods and the environment are discussed, and an interconnected transmission pathway for C. difficile involving food animals, humans and the environment is presented.ImplicationsClostridium difficile is a well-established pathogen of both humans and animals that contaminates foods and the environment. To manage CDI, a One Health approach with the collaboration of clinicians, veterinarians, environmentalists and policy-makers is paramount.     

北京市石景山区奥运相关餐饮业食源性致病菌监测

目的监测北京市石景山区奥运相关餐饮业中即食食品中大肠菌群及常见的沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠致病性大肠埃希氏菌（EPEC）、EHEC0157H7、变形杆菌、单核细胞增生性李斯特菌、副溶血性弧菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌计数等9种食源性致病菌污染现况和动态变化趋势。方法食源性致病菌检测采用国家标准方法《食品卫生微生物学检验》（GB／T4789--2003）及《变形杆菌食物中毒诊断标准及处理原则》（WS／T9—1996）进行。结果全年监测辖区内奥运相关餐饮单位共计194户次，共监测食品样品978件，其中监测大肠菌群的样品931件，大肠菌群超过450MPN／100g（现行食品卫生标准中大肠菌群最高限量）的样品14件，检出率为1．50％，且全年每月大肠菌群超标检出率均低于北京市同期检出率（5．8％～38．1％）。全区监测致病菌和条件致病菌的食品样品942件，共检出致病菌和条件致病菌5件，总检出率为0．53％，低于北京市同期监测检出率4．6％。结论全区奥运相关餐饮业中即食食品中常见食源性致病菌污染状况在北京市处于较低水平，要进一步加强食品卫生宣教及监督力度，预防食物中毒发生，保障奥运食品卫生安全。     

北京市2001—2005年食源性疾病监测

食源性疾病暴发是重要公共卫生突发事件,有时候甚至会影响社会稳定。分析北京地区食源性疾病暴发的原因和特点,有针对性地开展预防控制有重要意义。资料来源于2001-2005年北京市卫生监督所接收全市疑似食源性疾病的报告,资料经各区(县)卫生监督所调查核实。采用Epi Data软件建立数据库,SPSS软件统计分析。     

南通市食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

目的分析南通市食品食源性致病菌污染状况及食源性疾病的发生情况,以便能采取相应的预防与控制措施。方法于2004～2008年每年夏秋季在集贸市场、大型超市采集样品,按国标方法对食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门菌、单增李斯特菌、EHEC0157：H7及副溶血弧菌5个菌种进行致病菌监测。结果采集4类样品共1800份,检出致病菌495份,总检出率为27．5％。其中沙门菌检出率为10．9％,单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率8．1％、金黄色葡萄球菌检出率6．7％,EHEC0157：H7检出率为0．28％,水产品的副溶血性弧菌检出率高达1．6％。结论南通市4类主要食品均受到食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,其中生肉类食品、水产品和熟肉制品是主要污染食品品种。因此,应采取相应的预防和控制措施,加强对各类食品食源性致病菌监测,防止食源性疾病的蔓延。