A High Order Bound Preserving Finite Difference Linear Scheme for Incompressible Flows

We propose a high order finite difference linear scheme combined with a high order bound preserving maximum-principle-preserving (MPP) flux limiter to solve the incompressible flow system. For such problem with highly oscillatory structure but not strong shocks, our approach seems to be less dissipative and much less costly than a WENO type scheme, and has high resolution due to a Hermite reconstruction. Spurious numerical oscillations can be controlled by the weak MPP flux limiter. Numerical tests are performed for the Vlasov-Poisson system, the 2D guiding-center model and the incompressible Euler system. The comparison between the linear and WENO type schemes, with and without the MPP flux limiter, will demonstrate the good performance of our proposed approach.     

针刺辅助治疗难治性肠易激综合征临床试验方案关键点设计的思考＊

肠易激综合征（Irritable bowel syndrome，IBS）是临床常见病、多发病，其治疗方法丰富，但部分患者疗效欠佳，发展成难治性IBS。目前国内外关于针灸治疗难治性IBS的临床随机对照试验尚不多见。本文立足试验方案设计的“PICOS”原则，从研究对象及诊断标准、干预措施、对照措施、结局指标四个方面入手，重点探讨针刺辅助治疗难治性肠易激综合征临床试验设计的关键要点。从选择特色优势病种、明确诊断标准、制定符合临床实际的干预方案、运用符合目标的安慰针刺、结合研究设计和目的选定结局指标几个角度，阐述试验相关环节设计的原因和思考。     

根除幽门螺杆菌5种治疗方案的药物经济学评价

目的 探讨不同的方案根除幽门螺杆菌(Hp)所产生的经济效果。方法 151例幽门螺杆菌阳性感染的消化性渍疡和胃炎患者，随机分为5组，给予不同的短程三联治疗方案：A组(胶体次枸橼酸铋 阿莫西林 甲硝唑)、B组(胶体次枸橼酸铋 克拉霉素 甲硝唑)、C组(奥美拉唑 阿莫西林 克拉霉素)、D组(奥关拉唑 阿莫西林 甲硝唑)、E组(奥美拉唑 克拉霉素 甲硝唑)，运用药物经济学的成本-效果分析方法进行评价。结果A、B、C、D、E5组治疗胃炎Hp根除率分别为63．2％、70．9％、89．1％、77．6％、86．8％，治疗消化性溃疡Hp根除率分别为65．1％、73．0％、96．2％、80．4％、93．2％，5组方案对胃炎／消化性溃疡的成本-效果比(C／E)分别为3．14／3.05、4．10／3．98、4．25／3．94、2．91／2.81、2．78／2．59，增长的成本-效果比(△C／△E)分别为-／-、12．00／11．70、6．96／5．80、1．93／1．81、1．83／1．53。结论 E方案为根除Hp的最佳方案。     

The Heartbeat Award Scheme: an evaluation of catering practices

The Heartbeat Award Scheme was launched in England in 1990 by the Health Education Authority as part of the national strategy to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease. To date there has been no formal evaluation of the impact the award has had on catering practices. This study aimed to compare the differences between those premises with and without the award with regard to their catering practices. All Heartbeat premises (497) within the former Wessex region, along with 495 control premises without the award, were sent postal questionnaires. A total of 380 premises with the award and 306 premises without responded, representing a response rate of 77% and 62%, respectively. Respondents were grouped into one of three categories: public eating places, workplaces or educational establishments. Differences were found between award and non-award holders, particularly with regard to the provision of healthy food, including brown rice and semi/skimmed milk, healthy options available to the consumer and commitment to healthy eating. While this research suggests that the award scheme may be increasing consumer choice, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the impact of the scheme on eating habits.     

关于新型农村合作医疗的支持结构及均势模式探讨

新型农村合作医疗可持续发展需要有完备的社会支持系统,除了要有来自政府的正式支持,如政府责任、完善的组织管理及合理的政策方案外,其他非正式支持同样对新型农村合作医疗的发展有着至关重要的影响。通过研究新型农村合作医疗的社会支持系统结构,探讨社会因素对新型农村合作医疗的双向作用,提出新型农村合作医疗发展的社会支持模式,为提高新型农村合作医疗社会支持程度提供科学依据。     

临床检验方舱技术方案分析

临床检验方舱(以下称临检方舱)是用以满足随行机动部队救治保障要求的机动单元。它既可独立执行临检任务,也可配属其他舱室完成相应卫勤保障任务。是“野战机动医疗系统”的重要模块之一。其检验功能设置包括临床常规检验、临床生化检验、常见病原菌检验与鉴定、血型鉴定与交叉配血试验等医学检验科的基本内容。本文从技术可行性、可靠性及人机工效性等方面对临检方舱方案进行了分析。     

A molecular scheme for the reaction between γ-aminobutyric acid and the most abundant chloride channel on crayfish deep extensor abdominal muscle

Single-channel measurements were performed with the aim of constructing a detailed molecular scheme for the reaction between -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a chloride channel of crayfish deep extensor abdominal muscle (DEAM). GABA was applied in pulses to outside-out patches of muscle membrane, and, based on the dose-response of the peak currents and of their rise times, a linear model with five binding steps has been proposed. Evaluation of the single-channel kinetics indicated at least three open states. Two of them originate most probably from the fully liganded receptor state and are grouped in mixed bursts due to their different life times. The third one appears independently, outside the bursts, and originates from a lower liganded receptor state. Simulations of the dose-responses and the open time distributions with this model led to a set of rate constants which generated relatively optimal fits.     

抗菌药物后效应对临床抗感染治疗的指导意义

目的：探讨抗菌药物后效应的临床指导意义。方法：结合文献，归纳并综述。结果：应用抗菌药物后效应理论能科学地指导感染性疾病的治疗，设计临床治疗方案，合理地使用抗菌药物。结论：抗菌药物后效应对临床合理用药具有重要的指导作用。     

探索制药工程本科专业培养方案新思路

对国内外大学制药工程专业进行了调研、考察，邀请校内有关专家进行多次论证，并通过培养方案的可行性答辩，认为制药工程人才应具备厚基础、宽口径、重实践的知识结构；课程体系设置为通识类、学科类与集中实践三部分。     

安徽省岳西县新型合作医疗对健康及卫生服务公平性影响的研究

目的 探讨新型农村合作医疗试点地区农村居民卫生服务公平性的现状。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法，于2005年7月1—15日对安徽省新型农村合作医疗试点县岳西县2112名农村居民的卫生服务公平性现状进行入户问卷调查。用率、比、Gini系数、集中指数（CI）和χ^2检验进行统计分析。结果 试点地区5组收入状况居民中，从最低收入组到最高收入组的2周门诊就诊率分别为48．14‰、82．90‰、65．88‰、48．72‰和50．66‰，CI值为-0．026，各组居民就诊率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=5．52，P〉0．05）；近一年内住院率分别为59．08‰、67．36‰、51．76‰、58．97‰和52．86‰，CI值为-0．017；半年内慢性病患病率分别为295．40‰、243．52‰、230．59‰、225．64‰和176．21‰，CI值为-0．055，不同收入组居民慢性病患病率存在差异（χ^2=18．42，P〈0．01），随收入降低慢性病患病率呈增高趋势。5组收入居民中，年人均医药费用占人均家庭支出比例分别为36．12％、26．18％、22．47％、23．26％和15．65％。在新型农村合作医疗补偿措施前后，住院患者的Gini系数分别为0．445和0．448。结论试点地区农村居民卫生服务利用趋于公平性，但农村居民在卫生筹资、新型农村合作医疗补偿方面存在不公平性，低收入居民有较高的卫生服务需要。