60Co放射治疗共面相邻野预留间隔设计的实验研究

目的：验证几何计算法设计＾６０Ｃｏ相邻野预留间隔的准确性,探讨更精确的设计方法。方法：通过模拟测量绘制线束扩展函数曲线,与几何计算法计算结果对照比较：利用线束扩展函数曲线,计算不同射野宽度相邻野组合预留间隔计算值与测量偏差。结果：①两种方法得出的线束扩展函数曲线有明显差异。②两小野组合计算值低于测量值,两大野组合计算高于测量值,大野与小野或两个中等野组合计算值与测量值偏差较小。结论：几何计算设计＾     

中药饮片质量控制的现状与对策

中药饮片的质量控制是目前中药质量控制的最薄弱环节，存在的问题集中表现为：无质量控制标准或质量控制标准低，质量标准不合理，不能反映饮片的药性与药效。要改变这种现状，应采取如下措施：①从药材的源头和流通抓起，控制中药饮片的质量；②完善和规范炮制过程，保证中药饮片的质量稳定性；③加强中药饮片炮制机理和饮片质量标准的基础研究；④大力研制中药饮片现代化生产机械；⑤走名牌战略与法制建设相结合的道路，打造大型中药饮片企业。这些措施的实施，将提升我国中药饮片的质量，为中药现代化和国际化做出贡献。     

不同紫菀饮片中紫菀酮的含量比较

目的:比较不同紫菀饮片中紫菀酮的含量。方法:以紫菀酮为指标,建立了HPLC法的测定条件,并对生紫菀、蒸紫菀、炒紫菀、蜜紫菀、醋紫菀、酒紫菀中该成分的含量进行了测定。结果:紫菀酮的含量大小依次为生紫菀>炒紫菀>蒸紫菀>醋紫菀>酒紫菀>蜜紫菀;以纯紫菀计,不同紫菀饮片中紫菀酮的含量大小依次为蜜紫菀>炒紫菀>生紫菀>醋紫菀>酒紫菀>蒸紫菀。结论:紫菀经过不同方法炮制所得各种紫菀饮片中紫菀酮的含量均较生品低;但以纯紫菀计,紫菀蜜炙后紫菀酮的含量升高。     

中药饮片小包装的剂量和质量管理

中药饮片小包装作为一项新型的配方模式的改革,其优势非常明显。但在实际使用中主要存在剂量和质量上的问题。药房应从剂量和质量管理入手,一方面监督生产企业做好小包装的剂量和质量工作,另一方面加强医院药房对小包装的剂量和质量管理,提高配方质量,更好地发挥中药饮片小包装的优势。     

含罂粟壳中成药质量标准分析

罂粟壳属于麻醉药品管理。目前已上市的部分中成药处方中含有罂粟壳,针对罂粟壳使用的特殊要求,我们对含罂粟壳中成药质量标准进行了分析,对存在的问题进行了探讨。     

人工麻黄种植地杂草消长规律研究

在位于银川市西南部,距银川市直线距离12km,经过人工治理原始风沙荒漠1999年建成的2万亩人工麻黄草种植基地上,以麻黄种植年限为指标,选择4年生麻黄、3年生麻黄和2年生麻黄,在每次人工除草前采用倒置“W”9点取样法进行杂草种类调查;在地势低洼区、高地势区、地势平坦区、土壤粘重区和土壤40cm有钙积层区按五点法布设观测样方,每10d观测一次小区内杂草种类和数量。全年麻黄田共有杂草22种,其中阔叶杂草15种占杂草总量的5.5%,禾本科杂草7种占杂草总量的94.5%。多年生阔叶杂草有4月中旬至5月中旬和5月下旬至7月上旬两个萌发期。一年生阔叶杂草有4月下旬至7月中旬和8月中旬至9月下旬两个萌发期。一年生禾本科杂草有5月中下旬至6月中旬和8月下旬至9月初两个萌发期。     

自拟舒郁汤联合镇静六穴治疗产后抑郁症的临床研究

目的:探讨自拟舒郁汤联合镇静六穴治疗产后抑郁症的临床效果。方法:选择2019年5月—2020年3月产后抑郁症患者60例,按照投掷硬币法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予盐酸帕罗西汀片治疗,观察组给予自拟舒郁汤联合“镇静六穴”治疗。比较两组患者近期疗效以及治疗前后抑郁症状、产后生活自理能力、照料婴儿能力与生活质量变化情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗2,4,6,8周末汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗8周末产后生活自理能力评分、照料婴儿能力评分及36条简明健康状况调查表(SF-36)评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:自拟舒郁汤联合镇静六穴治疗产后抑郁症疗效显著,可有效改善患者抑郁症状,提升产后生活自理能力、照料婴儿能力和生活质量。     

Diffusion‐prepared stimulated‐echo turbo spin echo (DPsti‐TSE): An eddy current‐insensitive sequence for three‐dimensional high‐resolution and undistorted diffusion‐weighted imaging

In this study, we present a new three‐dimensional (3D), diffusion‐prepared turbo spin echo sequence based on a stimulated‐echo read‐out (DPsti‐TSE) enabling high‐resolution and undistorted diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). A dephasing gradient in the diffusion preparation module and rephasing gradients in the turbo spin echo module create stimulated echoes, which prevent signal loss caused by eddy currents. Near to perfect agreement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between DPsti‐TSE and diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (DW‐EPI) was demonstrated in both phantom transient signal experiments and phantom imaging experiments. High‐resolution and undistorted DPsti‐TSE was demonstrated in vivo in prostate and carotid vessel wall. 3D whole‐prostate DWI was achieved with four b values in only 6 min. Undistorted ADC maps of the prostate peripheral zone were obtained at low and high imaging resolutions with no change in mean ADC values [(1.60 ± 0.10) × 10^?3 versus (1.60 ± 0.02) × 10^?3 mm²/s]. High‐resolution 3D DWI of the carotid vessel wall was achieved in 12 min, with consistent ADC values [(1.40 ± 0.23) × 10^?3 mm²/s] across different subjects, as well as slice locations through the imaging volume. This study shows that DPsti‐TSE can serve as a robust 3D diffusion‐weighted sequence and is an attractive alternative to the traditional two‐dimensional DW‐EPI approaches.     

T2 mapping with magnetization‐prepared 3D TSE based on a modified BIR‐4 T2 preparation

The purpose of this work was to investigate the performance of the modified BIR‐4 T₂ preparation for T₂ mapping and propose a method to remove T₂ quantification errors in the presence of large B₁ and B₀ offsets. The theoretical investigation of the magnetization evolution during the T₂ preparation in the presence of B₁ and B₀ offsets showed deviations from a mono‐exponential T₂ decay (two parameter fit). A three parameter fit was used to improve T₂ accuracy. Furthermore, a two parameter fit with an additional saturation preparation scan was proposed to improve T₂ accuracy and precision. These three fitting methods were compared based on simulations, phantom measurements and an in vivo healthy volunteer study of the neck musculature using a 3D TSE readout. The results based upon the pure two parameter fit overestimated T₂ in regions with high B₀ offsets (up to 40% in phantoms). The three parameter fit T₂ values were robust to B₀ offsets but with higher standard deviation (up to 40% in simulations). The two parameter fit with the saturation preparation yielded high robustness towards B₀ offsets with a noise performance comparable to that of the two parameter fit. In the volunteer study the T₂ values obtained by the pure two parameter fit showed a dependence on the field inhomogeneities, whereas the T₂ values from the proposed fitting approach were shown to be insensitive to B₀ offsets. The proposed method enabled accurate and precise T₂ mapping in the presence of large B₁ and B₀ offsets.     

金银花配方颗粒评价性抽验结果分析与建议

目的：通过开展金银花配方颗粒评价性抽验,比较分析不同厂家金银花配方颗粒的质量情况,并提出监管建议。方法：收集各企业金银花配方颗粒质量标准,依据企业标准进行法定检验。结果：共抽验117批金银花配方颗粒,涉及9家生产企业。按各自企业标准进行检验,总体合格率为100%。但是各企业之间金银花配方颗粒含量差异较大且每克颗粒相当的药材（饮片）量不同,转移率不同。结论：通过本次抽验发现金银花配方颗粒的整体质量较高,但是不同厂家之间所用原料药材及生产工艺存在一定差异,导致最终产品质量参差不齐。因此,有必要规范中药配方颗粒生产工艺,尽快统一标准,加强监管。