断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果观察

目的 观察断骨丹外敷用于全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的活血通络效果.方法 选择2013年2月至2015年5月间在本院进行全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀的患者共60例,按随机数字表随机分为两组,对照组和观察组各30例.对照组采用冰敷消肿,观察组以断骨丹外敷.分别测量两组患者下肢肿胀度及血清指标(TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6)水平,并对患者治疗效果进行评价,比较两组患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)和髋关节HSS功能评分.结果 观察组总有效率显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者经治疗后肿胀程度在术后第3天、第7天明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平均显著降低,观察组水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01);治疗后观察组疼痛VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01),髋关节HSS功能评分明显高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 断骨丹外敷可有效缓解全髋关节置换术后肢体肿胀,起到良好的活血通络效果.     

Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview

The resin of Boswellia species has been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies and in medicines since time immemorial. Boswellia serrata (Salai/Salai guggul), is a moderate to large sized branching tree of family Burseraceae (Genus Boswellia), grows in dry mountainous regions of India, Northern Africa and Middle East. Oleo gum-resin is tapped from the incision made on the trunk of the tree and is then stored in specially made bamboo basket for removal of oil content and getting the resin solidified. After processing, the gum-resin is then graded according to its flavour, colour, shape and size. In India, the States of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are the main source of Boswellia serrata. Regionally, it is also known by different names. The oleo gum-resins contain 30-60% resin, 5-10% essential oils, which are soluble in the organic solvents, and the rest is made up of polysaccharides. Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. The resinous part of Boswellia serrata possesses monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, tetracyclic triterpenic acids and four major pentacyclic triterpenic acids i.e. β-boswellic acid, acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, responsible for inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes. Out of these four boswellic acids, acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid is the most potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, an enzyme responsible for inflammation.     

西黄丸和活血止痛散中乳香及非法添加松香的薄层色谱鉴别

目的建立薄层色谱鉴别方法检测西黄丸和活血止痛散中的乳香药材及非法添加的松香。方法样品经甲醇超声提取,点样于硅胶GF254薄层板上,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯一庚烷一无水甲酸（8：2：1：0．3）为展开剂展开,先置紫外灯（254nm和366nm）下检视,再喷以茴香醛试液,并于105℃加热至条斑清晰,目光下再次检视。结果紫外光灯（254nm）及目光下,西黄丸和活血止痛散与乳香对照药材的薄层指纹图谱一致,使用对照品识别了11-羰基-β-乙酰乳香酸（AKBA）、11-羰基-β-乳香酸（KBA）、β-乳香酸（β-BA）和β-乙酰乳香酸（β-ABA）;紫外光灯（366nm）下,活血止痛散可见与当归对照药材一致的条斑。紫外光灯（254nm）下,某些西黄丸色谱中可见松香中松香酸的暗条斑。结论该法简便、专属,适用于西黄丸和活血止痛散薄层色谱鉴别和质量控制。     

正交试验优选安乳颗粒中乳香、没药的提取工艺

目的：优选安乳颗粒中乳香、没药的提取工艺。方法：以浸膏得率为指标,采用L（934）正交试验进行优选。结果：醇提工艺影响因素依次为乙醇浓度、乙醇用量和提取时间,最佳工艺条件为加8倍量80%乙醇,回流提取2次,每次2小时。结论：优选的醇提工艺易于操作,合理可行。     

四级杆飞行时间串联质谱(QTofMS)辅助高效薄层色谱(HPTLC)鉴别乳香中乳香酸

 目的 建立薄层色谱法鉴别乳香中乳香酸类成分。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取,C₁₈固相萃取柱净化后,点样于硅胶GF₂₅₄高效预制薄层板上,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-庚烷-无水甲酸（8∶2∶1∶0.3）为展开剂展开,先置紫外灯（254 nm）下检视,再喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液,并于105 ℃加热至条斑清晰,置紫外灯（365 nm）下检视。条斑借助QTofMS进行成分识别。结果 紫外灯（254 nm）下,埃塞俄比亚乳香和索马里乳香的色谱均可见2个明显的暗条斑,紫外灯（365 nm）下,均可见8个荧光条斑,其特征图谱与其他常见树脂类药材（洋乳香、天然没药、胶质没药、安息香、松香和达玛树脂）区别明显。结论 该法简便、专属、准确,适用于乳香的快速鉴别和质量控制。     

Boswellia resin: from religious ceremonies to medical uses; a review of in‐vitro,in‐vivo and clinical trials

Objectives Despite its historical‐religious, cultural and medical importance, Boswellia has not been thoroughly studied, and gaps still exist between our knowledge of the traditional uses of the resin and the scientific data available. Here we review the pharmacology of Boswellia resin and of the small molecules identified as the active ingredients of the resin. Key findings The resin of Boswellia species (‘frankincense’, ‘olibanum’) has been used as incense in religious and cultural ceremonies since the beginning of written history. Its medicinal properties are also widely recognized, mainly in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, as well as in some cancerous diseases, wound healing and for its antimicrobial activity. Until recently, work on Boswellia focused on the immunomodulatory properties of the resin and boswellic acids were considered to be the main, if not the only, active ingredients of the resin. Hence, this family of triterpenoids was investigated by numerous groups, both in vitro and in vivo. These compounds were shown to exert significant anti‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic activity in many assays: in vitro, in vivo and in clinical trials. We recently found incensole acetate and its derivatives, which are major components of Boswellia resin, to be nuclear factor‐κB inhibitors, thus suggesting that they are, at least in part, responsible for its anti‐inflammatory effects. Incensole acetate also exerts a robust neuroprotective effect after brain trauma in mice. Furthermore, it causes behavioural as well as anti‐depressive and anxiolytic effects in mice. It is also a potent agonist of the transient receptor potential (TRP)V3 channel. It thus seems that incensole acetate and its derivatives play a significant role in the effects that Boswellia resin exerts on biological systems. Conclusions Altogether, studies on Boswellia resin have provided an arsenal of bio‐active small molecules with a considerable therapeutic potential that is far from being utilized.     

熏鲁香与乳香研究进展

熏鲁香、乳香均为树脂类药材,在原植物形态、外观性状、功效等方面具有一定的相似性,以致2味药存在混用情况。结合中药相关典籍以及科学书籍数据库,对熏鲁香、乳香植物资源分布及药材性状异同进行了对比总结,对其化学成分及结构、药理作用方面的研究成果进行了较全面的分类汇总,发现两者原植物品种来源不同,化学成分存在巨大差异,其中挥发油主要成分为α-蒎烯(熏鲁香、索马里乳香)、乙酸辛酯(埃塞俄比亚乳香),树脂主要成分为五环三萜类化合物和四环三萜类化合物,且熏鲁香抗菌、抗氧化作用显著,乳香抗癌、抗炎活性较强,而药理活性主要归因于挥发油和树脂酸成分。并对2味药材质量控制现状以及不同领域应用情况进行分析,目前质量控制指标主要集中在挥发油含量及定性分析方面,对有效成分定量分析的研究较少,并且两者应用存在不同侧重,为其进一步研究和开发利用提供科学依据。     

不同来源乳香的高效薄层色谱数码轮廓指纹图谱分析及基原鉴别

目的:建立乳香药材的高效薄层色谱指纹图谱,并对不同来源乳香药材的指纹图谱进行比较分析。方法:样品经甲醇超声提取,点样于硅胶GF254高效预制薄层板上,以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-庚烷-无水甲酸(8∶2∶1∶0.3)为展开剂展开,先置紫外灯(254nm)下检视并成像,再喷以茴香醛试液,并于105℃加热至条斑清晰,日光下再次成像,图像经CHROMAP软件转换成数码轮廓图并生成共有模式后,进行相似度、聚类和主成分分析。结果:日光下,埃塞俄比亚乳香的指纹图谱由12个特征条斑组成,薄层色谱图像与数码轮廓图谱结合分析比较,可分为埃塞俄比亚乳香模式和索马里乳香模式,不同种的乳香可被鉴别并归类。结论:该法简便、专属、准确,适用于乳香的鉴别和质量控制。     

GC法测定颈复康颗粒中乙酸辛酯的含量

目的：建立颈复康颗粒中挥发性成分乙酸辛酯的含量测定方法。方法：采用气相色谱法,FID检测器,Agilent HP-5石英毛细管柱（30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm）,进样口温度220℃,检测器温度260℃,分流比20:1。升温程序：初始温度80℃,保持2 min,以10℃?min^-1的速率升温至200℃,保持10 min。结果：乙酸辛酯含量测定线性范围为0.156 5-7.824 2 mg?mL^-1,r=0.999 9 ,平均加样回收率为100.00%,RSD=1.91%（n=9）,最低检测限为1.633 6 ng。结论：该方法简便、重复性好、阴性对照无干扰,可用于颈复康颗粒的质量控制。     

4种方法提取乳香化学成分及其GC-MS研究

 目的对4种方法提取乳香得率和化学成分进行分析,并测定各提取物主要成分含量。方法GC—MS鉴定各提取物中成分;GC法含量测定。结果不同提取方法的得率和各提取物中醋酸辛酯含量差异很大,各得率和醋酸辛酯含量分别为:水蒸气蒸馏,0.69%和57.00%;超临界CO₂萃取,20.40%和3.23%;索氏提取,15.60%和0.73%;超声提取,13.00%和0.80% 结论超临界CO₂萃取得率和萃取物中醋酸辛酯含量较高,且其中除含有挥发油外还有其他成分,综合评价,该法优于其他3 种提取方法,更适合乳香的提取。