内固定与假体置换治疗Mason Ⅲ型桡骨头骨折的比较研究

目的比较切开复位内固定术与双极桡骨头假体置换术治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折的疗效。方法对17例MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折患者采用Tornier骨水泥柄、双极桡骨头假体进行置换,其中新鲜Ma- sonⅢ型骨折15例,陈旧性MasonⅢ型骨折2例。手术均采用肘关节后外侧入路,17例均行环状韧带修复。术后48 h开始关节逐步被动功能操练。另外8例MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折患者采用肘后外侧入路切开复位空心钉与多枚克氏针内固定作为对照。结果假体置换组14例患者得到6～27个月(平均12．5个月)随访,按照Broberg和Morrey的肘关节功能评分标准进行评分：优9例,良4例,可1例,优良率为92．8%；3例出现异位骨化,下尺桡关节未见异常改变。8例MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折内固定患者均得到10～21个月(平均14个月)随访,肘关节功能评分：良1例,可4例,差3例,优良率为12．5%。两组间优良率比较差异有极显著性意义(O＜0．01)。结论采用双极桡骨头假体置换的方法治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折比切开复位内固定的方法更有利于恢复肘关节的稳定、伸屈活动及前臂的旋转活动。     

经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术的安全性观察

目的探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉(冠脉)造影术的特点及安全性。方法200例患者接受经桡动脉径路行冠脉造影术。结果196例成功,4例失败,其中3例桡动脉迂曲畸形导丝不能通过,1例为锁骨下动脉闭塞。所有患者无严重的并发症出现。结论桡动脉径路行冠状动脉造影具有止血容易,患者卧床时间短和并发症少的优点,是一种安全、有效的介入途径。     

磷酸钙水泥填充固定桡骨远端骨折的抗旋转生物力学研究

目的对磷酸钙水泥(CPC)填充固定桡骨远端骨折的抗旋转应力进行评价,并与传统的克氏针固定方法进行比较。方法18根人桡骨标本制备桡骨远端骨折伴骨缺损模型,随机分为三组:克氏针固定组、CPC固定组和CPC 克氏针联合固定组。设定扭转速度为5°／min,最大扭转角度为10°时停止。记录扭转刚度、10°内的最大扭矩及所对应的最大扭角。结果在10°的扭转范围内,CPC固定组、CPC 克氏针联合固定组的扭转刚度、最大扭矩均比克氏针固定组大,差异有统计学意义(P< 0．01);最大扭转角度分别为4．3°和5．0°,均比克氏针组(9．6°)小,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。CPC固定组与CPC 克氏针联合固定组之间的扭转刚度、最大扭矩及最大扭角差异无统计学意义(P> 0．05)。结论在旋转角度小于4°范围内,CPC的抗旋转固定强度要比克氏针大,超过这个范围,骨水泥就会发生断裂,CPC的有效固定范围比克氏针要小。     

The radial forearm flap

Described in 1981 by the Chinese authors Yang Kuofan et al. [1] as a free flap, then in 1982 by Lu et al. [2] as a retrograde flow pedicle flap, this fasciocutaneous flap is designed at the level of the anterior and external faces of the forearm, and vascularized by the radial artery via a network of septal arteries. Prior to utilization it must be reversed on its distal pedicle. This flap allows repairing cutaneous substance loss of the whole hand and fingers. The emergence of the Chinese flap in the 1980’s resulted in a regression of the Mac Gregor groin flap that was widely used at this time [3,4]. Nevertheless, other forearm flaps, less “expensive” in terms of vascular involvement [5–9] have reduced its indications. The Chinese flap however keeps two essential indications: the multi-finger important defect that no other forearmflapmay cover; and composite substance loss of the thumb (despite the fact that the Chinese flap shares these indications with interosseous artery composite flaps).     

健侧C7移位至桡神经治疗全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤改良术的解剖学基础

目的寻求健侧C7神经根移位治疗全臂丛神经根性撕脱伤手术中尺神经与桡神经的最佳吻合部位。方法在10具20侧福尔马林固定的成人尸体上肢标本上观察桡神经及其肱三头肌肌支的解剖学特征;尺神经的解剖学特征;尺神经不同水平与对侧颈根部的距离。结果桡神经从后侧束发出部位到发出肱三头肌长头的第一支肌支之间的距离为(8.2±1.4)cm,从发出长头的第一个肌支部位到外侧头最后一个肌支发出部位之间的距离为(4.8±0.7)cm。尺神经肘部以上几乎无分支,尺神经在发出部位的直径为(6.7±0.6)mm;在肘部的直径为(6.3±0.5)mm;在腕部的直径为(4.0±0.4)mm;从锁骨下尺神经发出部位到肘部的长度为(29.0±2.6)cm;从锁骨下尺神经发出点到对侧颈根部的距离为(18.0±1.8)cm。结论健侧C7神经根移位修复桡神经,尺神经与桡神经的最佳吻合部位是锁骨下区,在此部位吻合不但能保证肱三头肌功能恢复,而且大大缩短桥接神经的长度。     

不同血管保存液对人桡动脉血管移植物的抗痉挛作用

目的 研究不同的血管保存液对人离体桡动脉痉挛的缓解与预防能力。方法 非体外循环冠状动脉旁路手术(OPCAB)19例患者,应用“无接触(No Touch)”外科技术获取自体桡动脉,保留未处理的远段0.8～1.5cm。应用血管环灌流技术(Organ Bath)比较不同保存液的抗痉挛作用和预防痉挛作用。结果 血管环灌流实验显示,在对痉挛状态桡动脉的舒张能力方面,PS、VG、DG、NG溶液均可以在10min内100％舒张血管,舒张曲线显示舒张能力依次为VG、DG、NG、PS,但差异无显著性(P>0.05),在预先浸泡处理桡动脉45～60min后,除对照组(Ringer's Solution)外,所有血管保存液均可以有效地预防离体桡动脉的痉挛,各组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 罂粟碱溶液、VG、DG、NG溶液均有较好的抗血管痉挛作用,单从抗血管痉挛角度考虑可以用作CABG手术中桡动脉的准备液。     

Recognition of potential morbidity after use of the radial artery as a conduit for coronary artery revascularization

The use of the radial artery as an alternative vascular conduit for coronary bypass surgery has become increasingly popular. The plastic surgery experience with radial forearm flaps has shown that sacrifice of the radial artery is not always a benign maneuver. The potential morbidity after using this conduit donor site in terms of hand dysfunction or wound healing problems can be significant, and frequently must ultimately be addressed as part of the role of the reconstructive surgeon. Case examples of skin necrosis, subsequent forearm wound infection and hypertrophic scarring after radial artery harvest are presented to introduce this as a real concern and to allow a review of the entire spectrum of potential problems in this regard. Any selection process where the radial artery may be chosen as the coronary revascularization conduit must anticipate these known donor site complications.     

带血管蒂前臂后皮神经电缆式移植修复上臂桡神经缺损

目的：介绍带血管蒂前臂后皮神经电缆式移植修复上臂桡神经缺损的应用解剖、手术方法及临床效果。方法：在２０侧成人上肢标本上，观测前臂后皮神经及桡侧副动脉的行程及外径，设计以桡侧副动脉为蒂的前臂后皮神经电缆式移植修复上臂桡神经缺损的新术式并应用于临床。结果：前臂后皮神经与桡侧副动脉伴行关系密切，具有形成带血管蒂前臂后皮神经转移的解剖学条件；前臂后皮神经横径２．０ｃｍ左右，可切取长度１５．０ｃｍ左右，折叠后可以修复７．０ｃｍ左右的桡神经缺损。同时，术中发现神经供体断端出血活跃，说明带血供的前臂后皮神经移植的血供是可靠的。临床应用８例，神经缺损３．５～６．０ｃｍ，随访１０个月～３年，效果满意。按陆裕朴介绍的评定标准：优４例，良３例，可１例。结论：该术式转移灵活，操作简单、安全、可靠，对供区影响小，是修复上臂桡神经缺损的一种有用的方法。     

Effects of haloperidol on motor and cognitive functioning in aged mice

The effects of haloperidol on motor and functioning and cognitive functioning were studied in young (3-5 months old) and aged (20-22 months old) male mice by examining haloperidol-induced catalepsy and haloperidol-induced decrements in performance on a radial arm maze. The aged mice were much more sensitive to these adverse effects of haloperidol than were the young mice. Studies of the distribution of radioactivity from [3H]haloperidol to the brain indicated that the differences in sensitivity to this drug were not due to pharmacokinetic differences. The results demonstrate that mice are suitable for studies of aging-induced changes in the behavioral effects of neuroleptic agents.     

桡骨颈骨折经皮撬拨复位的远期疗效

用经皮撬拨复位治疗桡骨颈骨折56例,其中复位良好46例,较好6例和不良4例;经3年7个月平均随访,复位良好和较好的44例中,后期疗效良好32例,较好11例和一般1例。骨折解剖复位、撬拨复位的手术损伤轻和石膏固定时间较短是后期疗效满意的关键。成人桡骨颈骨折伴肘内侧副韧带严重损伤比儿童多见,但儿童桡骨颈骨折严重倾斜移位和完全移位比成人多见,后期疗效更满意。