交锁髓内钉在四肢长管状骨骨折中的失误与处理

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉技术的临床疗效及并发症的主要原因和治疗效果。方法:1999年6月-2004年6月采用交锁髓内钉技术治疗四肢长管状骨骨折420例,男310例,女110例;其中股骨干骨折180例,胫腓骨双骨折160例,肱骨干骨折10例,股骨粗隆间骨折60例,股骨髁上骨折10例。年龄20~87岁,平均56岁。发生并发症30例,术中骨折端劈裂2例,钢丝捆扎后完成交锁;异位再骨折2例和术后再骨折2例,更换较长的髓内钉;髓内钉卡在髓腔内进退困难1例,捶击髓内钉尾端拔出髓腔;横向交锁失误12例,其中10例在术中发现退出锁钉重新完成交锁,2例在术后发现应用石膏外固定6周;术后发生主钉断裂2例,二次手术更换较粗的主钉;骨折端不稳定出现反常活动3例,应用石膏外固定6~8周;导针与钻头相嵌顿2例,通过捶击拔出钻头退出导针;腹壁软组织损伤4例进行理疗。结果:本组400例得到6~12个月的随访,骨折全部愈合。膝关节屈曲受限(<90°)4例,肩关节外展上举受限(<90°)1例。结论:交锁髓内钉技术治疗四肢长管状骨骨折临床疗效良好;粗劣的操作技术是发生并发症的主要原因;积极处理并发症可避免功能障碍的发生。     

中药洗剂治疗四肢开放性感染

1987年7月-2003年10月应用中药洗剂治疗四肢开放性感染1363例，该洗剂具有清热解毒、凉血止血、温经通络、活血消肿等功效，是用于治疗四肢外伤开放性感染创面有脓性分泌物或肉芽组织牛长不新鲜的有效方剂。     

带锁髓内钉治疗新鲜四肢长骨干骨折1224例疗效分析

目的总结带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干、股骨干、股骨髁上、胫骨干和转子间骨折的疗效。方法自1996年10月至2004年6月间使用带锁髓内钉治疗的有完整资料的新鲜四肢骨折1224例,男778例,女446例;平均年龄39岁(16￣92岁)。骨折位于肱骨干92例,股骨转子间210例,股骨干488例,股骨髁上92例,胫骨342例。闭合骨折按AO分型:A型642例;B型364例;C型218例。开放骨折15例(GustiloⅠ型8例,GustiloⅡ型7例)。受伤至手术时间平均为8d(3h￣33d)。闭合复位1203例,切开复位23例;扩髓409例,非扩髓815例。结果平均随访时间为24个月(6￣70个月)。1204例骨折愈合,愈合率为98.2%,平均愈合时间为5个月(3￣12个月)。骨折不愈合22例,其中肱骨4例,股骨8例,股骨髁上4例,胫骨6例,总不愈合率为1.8%。术后无急性感染发生,3例发生晚期深部感染,总感染率为0.2%。术中16例发生严重骨折劈裂,4例为肱骨逆行髓内钉固定,4例Gamma钉固定,9例为股骨逆行髓内钉固定,占1.3%。6例发生医原性神经损伤,占0.4%。股骨髓内钉主钉断裂1例,锁钉断裂9例(0.6%)。晚期髓内钉末端骨折3例,占0.2%。53例主诉髓内钉尾端部位不适,占4.3%。结论闭合复位带锁髓内钉治疗骨干骨折在骨折愈合率、感染率、出血量、功能恢复情况和早期活动方面均较满意,是治疗骨干骨折较好的方法,但     

皮肤软组织扩张术在四肢的应用

目的　应用皮肤软组织扩张术修复四肢的瘢痕、黑痣、文身等病损。方法　应用皮肤软组织扩张术 ,将扩张器置入四肢处且在与病损相邻的正常皮肤下 ,扩张后修复病损 5 2例。术中采用的扩张器大小及数量依病损面积而定 ,按每修复 1cm× 1cm缺损需扩张器容量 5ml计算。扩张后皮瓣的设计以横向滑行推进为主 ,少设计异位皮瓣 ,以防皮瓣血运障碍。纤维包膜尽量剥除 ,尤其位于基底部的纤维环 ,妨碍皮瓣向前推进 ,应将其切开、剥除。结果　本组 5 2例 ,其中 2 5例将病损完全切除 ,余 2 7例有部分病损遗留 ,但均无继发畸形。术后 6～ 12个月随访 12例患者 ,切口瘢痕轻度增生 ,效果满意。结论　在四肢上有可供扩张的正常皮肤时 ,扩张术仍然是修复四肢病损切除后创面的较好的方法。     

Clinical outcome after surgery on schwannomas in the extremities

BACKGROUND Schwannoma is a benign, encapsulated and slowly growing tumor originating from Schwann cells and is rarely seen in the peripheral nerve system. Typical symptoms are soreness, radiating pain and sensory loss combined with a soft tissue mass.AIM To evaluate pre-and postoperative symptoms in patients operated for schwannomas in the extremities and investigate the rate of malignant transformation.METHODS In this single center retrospective study design, all patients who had surgery for a benign schwannoma in the extremities from May 1997 to January 2018 were included. The location of the tumor in the extremities was divided into five groups; forearm, arm, shoulder, thigh and leg including foot. The locations of the tumor in the nerves were also categorized as either; proximal, distal, minor or major nerve. During the pre-and postoperative clinical evaluation, symptoms were classified as paresthesia, local pain, radiating pain, swelling, impairment of mobility/strength and asymptomatic tumors that were found incidentally(with magnetic resonance imaging). The patients were evaluated after surgery using the following categories: Asymptomatic or symptomatic patients(radiating and/or local pain) and those with complications. The follow up period was from the time of surgery until last examination of the particular physician. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors for postoperative significant symptoms at follow-up.RESULTS We identified 858 cases from the institutional pathology register. We excluded cases with duplicate diagnoses(n = 407), pathology not including schwannomas(n = 157), lesions involving the torso, spine and neck(n = 150) leaving 144 patients for further analysis. In this group 99 patients underwent surgery and there were five complications recorded: 2 infections(treated with antibiotics) and 3 nerve palsies(2 involving the radial nerve and one involving the median nerve) that recovered spontaneously. At the end of follow-up, 1.4 mo(range 0.5-76) postoperatively, we recorded a post-operative decrease in clinical symptoms: Local pain 76%(6/25), radiating pain 97%(2/45), swelling 20%(8/10). Symptoms of paresthesia increased by 2.8%(37/36) and there was no change in motor weakness before and after surgery 1%(1/1). Multivariate analysis showed that tumors located within minor nerves had a significantly higher prevalence of postoperative symptoms compared with tumors in major nerves(odds ratio: 2.63; confidence intervals: 1.22-6.42, P = 0.029). One patient with schwannoma diagnosed by needle biopsy was diagnosed to have malignant transformation diagnosed in the surgically removed tumor. No local recurrences were reported.CONCLUSION Surgery of schwannomas can be conducted with low risk of postoperative complications, acceptable decrease in clinical symptoms and risk of malignant transformation is low.     

Temporary strecker stent for management of acute dissection in popliteal and crural arteries

Stent placement is a widely used bail-out treatment for dissection of peripheral arteries. Below the level of the superficial femoral artery permanent stenting is complicated by a high incidence of subacute thrombosis and restenosis. We present two cases of arterial occlusion due to acute iatrogenic dissection of the popliteal and distal fibular arteries. Successful treatment was achieved with a new bail-out procedure. Strecker stents were implanted to seal off the dissection flap. Stents were retrieved easily after 24 hr using a myocardial biopsy forceps. After stent retrieval the temporarily stented segments were patent and showed a larger lumen compared with segments treated by balloon dilatation alone. Temporary stenting is a simple and safe procedure and offers the advantage of tacking up dissection membranes and preventing recoil. Persistent presence of a metallic implant as a source of continued injury and stimulus for intimal proliferation is avoided.     

Management of severe musculoskeletal trauma following a dog mauling attack in a nonagenarian

Dog bites are increasingly common injuries and pose a significant public health concern. We present a case of a 92-year-old woman who sustained severe musculoskeletal trauma to the bilateral upper and lower extremities following a mauling attack by her two pet Boston Terriers. Patterns of injury and risk factors for dog bite-related injuries, as well as important clinical considerations in the medical and surgical management of dog bite injuries are discussed.     

曾学文运用经方治疗心系疾病

炙甘草汤、四逆汤、四逆散、真武汤、枳实薤白桂枝汤、葶苈大枣泻肺汤、小青龙汤出自张仲景的《伤寒论》及《金匮要略》,为曾学文治疗心系疾病的常用方。曾学文主任认为其理法方药,阐述了张仲景心系疾病辨证论治的理论和方法,心系疾病发病多因本虚标实,病位在心,"心动则五脏皆摇",可牵及肺、脾、肝、肾,本虚多以心气、心阳不足为主,可累及心阴,标实多以寒邪、痰饮、水湿、血瘀为主,"气、血、水"乃心脏疾病三步曲。     

四肢软组织肿瘤MRI影像特征分析

目的:探讨四肢软组织肿瘤的MRI特征,以提高诊断准确性.方法:收集经病理证实的四肢软组织肿块38例,分析其MRI征象.结果:38例软组织肿块包括良性肿块31例,恶性肿块7例.除脂肪瘤、脂肪肉瘤及血肿机化在T1WI、T2WI上表现为高信号外,其余肿块T1WI多为等或低信号,T2WI多为高信号或以高信号为主的混杂信号.良性组一般边界清楚,部分病变具有特征性MRI征象.恶性组体积较大,信号不均匀,其中6例邻近组织受侵.结论:MRI能清楚地显示肿瘤的范围、信号特征及与周围组织的关系.某些特征性MRI征象对软组织肿块的正确诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

微波原位灭活联合人工关节假体置换治疗四肢恶性骨肿瘤的疗效分析

 目的 探讨微波原位灭活联合人工假体置换术治疗四肢恶性骨肿瘤（侵袭范围超过骨全长2/3）的可行性。方法 2001年6月至2012年4月对19例侵袭范围超过骨全长2/3的原发恶性骨肿瘤及转移瘤患者采用微波灭活联合假体置换术进行治疗。男12例, 女7例;年龄11~65岁, 平均47岁。原发恶性骨肿瘤11例,转移瘤8例。股骨远端8例、胫骨近端6例、肱骨近端3例、股骨近端2例。术前X线、CT显示骨干皮质破坏小于骨全长的1/3,而MRI显示肿瘤侵袭范围超过骨全长2/3。依据MRI确定截骨范围,定制肿瘤型人工假体。采用常规肿瘤假体置换入路,按广泛切除原则充分显露瘤段骨及软组织肿块。使用铜网保护瘤段骨周围软组织,用2 450 MHz微波将瘤段骨内部加热到50 ℃,持续20 min,按术前测量长度进行截骨,人工关节假体重建,逐层缝合组织及皮肤。结果 手术时间平均100 min,术中失血量平均600 ml。随访10个月~5年,平均2.7年。原发恶性骨肿瘤患者中1例术后出现复发,带瘤生存;2例术后其他部位转移,死亡;余8例随访期间未出现复发或转移。6例转移瘤患者分别于术后5~20个月出现其他部位转移,死亡;2例随访期间未出现原位复发或转移。3例肱骨近端肿瘤患者术后肩关节外展、上举功能受限,其余患者无关节功能受限。结论 微波灭活联合人工假体置换术治疗髓腔内广泛受累的四肢恶性骨肿瘤,能最大限度地保留术后患者的肢体功能。