微创McKeown食管切除术治疗食管下段癌的临床价值

目的探讨微创McKeown食管切除术治疗下段食管癌的临床价值。方法选取2013-01-2017-06间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受食管切除术的下段食管癌患者。将行微创McKeown手术的患者作为微创组,将行开放Sweet手术的患者作为开放组,倾向得分匹配(PSM)用于降低2组一般资料的统计学差异。比较2组患者的疗效。结果全部患者均顺利完成手术。2组患者的病死率、肺部并发症和吻合口漏发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。微创组淋巴结清扫数、平均住院费用和手术时间均多于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微创McKeown食管切除术治疗下段食管癌,较传统开放手术淋巴结清扫数多,但手术时间和治疗费用较多。     

全腔镜Ivor-Lewis术治疗胸中下段食管癌的疗效及对免疫功能的影响

目的:对比全腔镜Ivor-Lewis术与McKeown手术治疗胸中下段食管癌的临床效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析本院收治的132例胸中下段食管癌患者，行Ivor-Lewis术患者74例（Ivor-Lewis组），行McKeown手术者58例（McKeown组），比较两组患者围术期相关指标及并发症发生情况。采集术前、术后1 d、3 d、5 d静脉血，Elisa法检测免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG水平；流式细胞术检测血清中T淋巴细胞亚群比例变化情况。结果:与McKeown组相比，Ivor-Lewis组总手术时间降低，胸腔手术时间延长，腹腔手术时间缩短，胸管拔除时间、饮食恢复时间缩短，住院费用较高，Ivor-Lewis组吻合口瘘、喉返神经损伤发生率降低，差异均有显著性（P＜0.05）。与术前相比，两组术后1 d、3 d、5 d IgA、IgG、IgM水平均降低，CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均降低，Ivor-Lewis组术后1 d、3 d及McKeown组术后1 d、3 d、5 d CD8+水平均升高（P＜0.05）；Ivor-Lewis组IgA、IgG、IgM水平均高于McKeown组，CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均高于McKeown组，CD8+水平低于McKeown组，差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。Ivor-Lewis组肿瘤复发转移率低于McKeown组，生存率高于McKeown组，但差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论:全腔镜Ivor-Lewis术治疗胸中下段食管癌患者手术操作时间短，安全性高，患者免疫功能恢复较快。     

Application of a modified McKeown procedure (thoracoscopic esophageal mobilization three‐incision esophagectomy) in esophageal cancer surgery: Initial experience with 30 cases

Early efforts with minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) were hybrid approaches. No conclusive benefit was seen with this approach compared with the standard open procedure. Total MIE has demonstrated its advantages in single institution series. The drawbacks of total MIE include the steep learning curve and the high cost of the disposable instrumentation. We sought to determine the feasibility of modifying the surgical technique involved in the hybrid approach in an effort to decrease the cost of the surgery without compromising the outcome. From December 2007 to September 2008, the modified McKeown procedure (thoracoscopic esophageal mobilization three‐incision esophagectomy) was performed in 30 cases. The median operative time was 225 minutes (range, 195 ?290 minutes) and the median average time of VATS was 70 minutes (range, 50 ?130 minutes). Median lymph node retrieval was 25.6 ± 4.8 nodes (15.1 ± 3.4 intrathoracic) per patient. The median postoperative hospital stay was 17.1 ± 6.3 days. There was no in‐hospital (30 days) mortality. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients (30%), including 2 (6.7%) pneumonia, 1 (3.3%) chylothorax, 1 (3.3%) delayed gastric emptying ,1 (3.3%) vocal cord palsy, 2 (6.7%) neck anastomotic leaks, and 2 (6.7%) arrhythmias. This procedure is technically feasible and safe with lower mortality and mobility. The short‐term surgical outcomes are comparable with most of the total MIE reports. Performing the gastric mobilization and spontaneous neck anastomosis first greatly facilitate and simplifies the VATS maneuver.     

腔镜下细针导管空肠造瘘在微创McKeown食管癌切除术中的应用

目的 分析腔镜下细针导管空肠造瘘的操作方法,探讨其在微创McKeown食管癌切除术中的应用效果。 方法 收集2010年1月至2017年12月山东大学齐鲁医院单一手术团队完成的1 023例微创McKeown食管癌切除术患者的临床资料,回顾性分析术中腔镜下细针导管空肠造瘘的完成情况,及术后造瘘管口渗液、造瘘管管腔堵塞、肠梗阻等造瘘相关并发症的发生率。 结果 1 023例患者均在腔镜下顺利完成细针导管空肠造瘘,平均手术时间(14.77±2.99)min,平均出血量(2.87±0.96)mL;有9例(0.88%)患者出现空肠造瘘相关并发症,其中造瘘管口渗液3例(改行肠外营养支持,及时换药,保持造瘘口周围皮肤清洁,局部涂抹氧化锌软膏)、造瘘管管腔堵塞3例(经口进食前行肠外营养支持)、空肠瘘1例(行2次手术)、肠系膜扭转1例(行2次手术)、不完全肠梗阻1例(行保守治疗)。 结论 微创McKeown食管癌切除术中行腔镜下细针导管空肠造瘘,操作简便、安全可行,是建立术后早期肠内营养的有效途径,值得临床推广应用。     

微创McKeown术与左侧开胸食管切除术治疗食管癌的疗效比较

目的探讨微创McKeown术治疗食管癌的疗效,并与左侧开胸食管切除术比较,为食管癌手术方案的制定提供依据。方法根据术式将2009年1月至2013年6月收治的78例食管癌患者分为微创组（38例）和开胸组（40例）,分别接受微创McKeown术和左侧开胸食管切除术并行胸腹部淋巴结清扫,分析两组的围术期指标和淋巴结清扫情况,同时记录术后并发症情况。结果微创组的术中出血量和术后住院时间分别为（91.58±13.76）ml和（11.73±3.26）d,低于开胸组的（335.74±73.51）ml和（13.64±4.19）d,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,微创组的总体淋巴结清扫个数及胸部淋巴结个数均多于开胸组（P〈0.05）。结论微创McKeown术治疗食管癌的安全性较好,降低了术中出血,减少了术后住院时间,且淋巴结清扫情况优于左侧开胸食管切除术。     

Management and outcomes of anastomotic leakage after McKeown esophagectomy: A retrospective analysis of 749 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer

PurposeCervical anastomotic leakages may manifest either cervically or intrathoracically. We retrospectively investigated the management strategies and clinical outcomes of patients who developed anastomotic leakages after McKeown esophagectomy and the spectrum of its clinical manifestations.MethodsPatients with esophageal cancer who underwent McKeown esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis (n = 749) between January 2015 and December 2018 were included.ResultsCervical anastomosis leakage was diagnosed in 53/749 (7.3%) patients. The leakage was primarily limited to cervical region in 16 (30.2%) patients, whereas intrathoracic spread was present in 37 (69.8%) patients. Intrathoracic manifestations were more commonly accompanied by fever (75.7% vs. 18.8%, P < 0.001) and leukocytosis than cervical manifestations (81.1% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.001). Compared to patients with cervical manifestations, those with intrathoracic manifestations had a longer duration of hospital stay (median; 58 vs. 40 days, P = 0.006) and higher incidence of tracheal fistula (21.6% vs. 0%, P = 0.045). Drainage through the neck wound was effective in all patients with cervical manifestations. Patients with intrathoracic manifestations who had transnasal inner drain or mediastinal drain placed intraoperatively achieved satisfactory drainage (27/37, 73.0%). Subsequent healing of anastomotic leaks was observed in 50 (94.3%) patients. There was no mortality associated with complications related to anastomotic leakage.ConclusionIntrathoracic manifestations of cervical anastomotic leakage are common in patients after McKeown esophagectomy. However, they are diagnosed later and are associated with more severe clinical consequences than cervical manifestations. Thus, a high index of suspicion and an early intervention policy for such anastomotic leaks should be adopted and strengthened to decrease the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes.     

空肠造瘘术分别联合Ivor-Lewis术与McKeown术治疗中下段食管癌的短期效果

目的探讨空肠造瘘术分别联合Ivor-Lewis术与McKeown术治疗中下段食管癌的短期效果。方法回顾性分析127例中下段食管癌患者的临床资料,按照手术方式分为Ivor-Lewis组(IL组,72例)与McKeown组(MK组,55例)。IL组行空肠造瘘术联合Ivor-Lewis术,MK组行空肠造瘘术联合McKeown术。比较2组患者手术指标、术后炎症因子水平、术后并发症及复发情况。结果IL组患者手术时间、术后进食时间及术后住院时间均显著短于MK组,胸腔引流管留置时间长于MK组,住院费用高于MK组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组患者术中失血量、淋巴结清扫数目比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复测量方差分析显示,时点效应可显著影响肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNFα)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的水平;而手术方式、时点以及手术方式交互效应均不会影响TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平。2组患者术后并发症发生率及术后6个月内复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论空肠造瘘术联合Ivor-Lewis术与空肠造瘘术联合McKeown术治疗中下段食管癌短期效果相当,但空肠造瘘术联合Ivor-Lewis术手术时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间较短,胸腔引流管留置时间较长,住院费用较高。     

微创McKeown食管癌根治术与Ivor-Lewis手术治疗食管癌的近期疗效对比

目的：总结74例微创McKeown食管癌根治术(minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy,MIE-McKeown)经 验及体会,并与经典Ivor-Lewis食管癌手术(Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy,ILE)比较,探讨二者手术的近期疗效。方法： 回顾性分析2014年11月至2016年7月期间在中南大学湘雅医院胸外科接受MIE-McKeown的74例患者的临床资料,选择 同期接受ILE的食管癌患者85例作为对照,比较二者近期疗效。结果：与ILE组相比,MIE-McKeown组患者术中出血 量更少,术后肺部感染发生率更低,手术切除食管长度更长,淋巴结清除组数及个数更多,但手术时间和术后住院 时间更长,术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生率更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组整体淋巴结转移率52.8%, MIE-McKeown组的颈部淋巴结转移率9.5%。两组共发现食管多中心病灶16例,次瘤位于主瘤上方者7例,次瘤远侧 缘距主瘤中心的距离(D)为20~85(50.7±23.0) mm,次瘤位于主瘤下方者9例,D值为30~90(57.8±20.5) mm。结论：MIEMcKeown 病灶切除更彻底,淋巴结清除度较高,安全、创伤小、短期效果好,是治疗食管癌的适合术式,但吻合口 瘘及吻合口狭窄发生率较高,需进一步优化。     

单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜在McKeown食管癌根治术中的应用评估

目的 评估单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜在McKeown食管癌根治术中的安全性及可行性.方法 分析广西壮族自治区人民医院心胸外科2015年1月至2016年1月40例接受McKeown食管癌根治术的中下段食管癌患者资料,其中11例行单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜McKeown食管癌根治术(single-utility incision total endoscopy McKeown esophagectomy,sTEME),29例行三孔胸腔镜腹部开放McKeown食管癌根治术(three-port thoracoscope combined with laparotomy McKeown esophagectomy,tTLME),比较两组的术中情况、手术结果及术后并发症的发生率.结果 两组在胸部手术时间、胸部术中出血量及胸部淋巴结清扫数量方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);sTEME组的腹部手术时间较tTLME组长(P＜0.05),腹部术中出血量、术后24 h疼痛指数评分及术后住院时间优于tTLME组(P＜0.05).两组腹部淋巴结清扫数、术后重症监护时间、术后并发症发生率及术后6个月淋巴结复发转移情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 单操作孔胸腔镜联合腹腔镜McKeown术治疗中下段食管癌可行,虽然会延长手术时间,但手术创伤小、住院时间短、近期效果满意.